The Burger court and the public schools

The purpose of this study was to research United States Supreme Court decisions affecting public education from October, 1969, through June, 1977, to provide a source of information for school administrators, school boards, and the general public as an aid to the solution of some common problems in education. The study began by reviewing all Court decisions prior to October, 1969, which affected the educational process in the areas Of religion, desegregation, and academic freedom. The Court decisions from October, 1969, through June, 1977, were then studied. Analysis of the voting patterns of individual Justices was attempted based on concurrence or dissent with the majority opinion of the Court. In the area of church-state relations, the decisions of Lemon I (1971) laid the cornerstones for subsequent judgment of cases involving public aid to non-public schools. The tests of legislative intent, primary effect, excessive entanglement, and political divisiveness potential were established to decide the legality of various state aid plans, such as tuition reimbursement, tax credit, construction grants, auxiliary services, remedial services, teaching equipment, and other assistance

Exporting independently or entering the global market as a contract manufacturer?

Why do some firms in developing countries (South) choose to be contract manufacturers of multinational corporations in developed countries (North) instead of independently developing home-grown products to compete with the latter? In this paper, we provide an explanation through the lens of global value chains (GVCs). To this end, we develop an international duopoly model in which a Southern firm seeks to enter a global market dominated by a Northern conglomerate, either by having a competing product or participating in the GVC managed by the latter. We show that in a broad range of parameterizations, the North-South GVC arrangement yields a win-win solution for the firms, and hence it can justify the active involvement of Southern firms in the GVCs led by Northern conglomerates as a means to boost exports from the South, even though firms from the South have low productivity.JEL Classification Codes: F12,L13https://www.grips.ac.jp/list/jp/facultyinfo/xing_yuqing

Exercise in obese pregnant women: The role of social factors, lifestyle and pregnancy symptoms

Background Physical activity may reduce the risk of adverse maternal outcomes, yet there are very few studies that have examined the correlates of exercise amongst obese women during pregnancy. We examined which relevant sociodemographic, obstetric, and health behaviour variables and pregnancy symptoms were associated with exercise in a small sample of obese pregnant women. Methods This was a secondary analysis using data from an exercise intervention for the prevention of gestational diabetes in obese pregnant women. Using the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ), 50 obese pregnant women were classified as "Exercisers" if they achieved ≥900 kcal/wk of exercise and "Non-Exercisers" if they did not meet this criterion. Analyses examined which relevant variables were associated with exercise status at 12, 20, 28 and 36 weeks gestation. Results Obese pregnant women with a history of miscarriage; who had children living at home; who had a lower pre-pregnancy weight; reported no nausea and vomiting; and who had no lower back pain, were those women who were most likely to have exercised in early pregnancy. Exercise in late pregnancy was most common among tertiary educated women. Conclusions Offering greater support to women from disadvantaged backgrounds and closely monitoring women who report persistent nausea and vomiting or lower back pain in early pregnancy may be important. The findings may be particularly useful for other interventions aimed at reducing or controlling weight gain in obese pregnant women

Prehospital randomised assessment of a mechanical compression device in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (PARAMEDIC): a pragmatic, cluster randomised trial and economic evaluation

Background: Mechanical chest compression devices may help to maintain high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), but little evidence exists for their effectiveness. We evaluated whether or not the introduction of Lund University Cardiopulmonary Assistance System-2 (LUCAS-2; Jolife AB, Lund, Sweden) mechanical CPR into front-line emergency response vehicles would improve survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Objective: Evaluation of the LUCAS-2 device as a routine ambulance service treatment for OHCA. Design: Pragmatic, cluster randomised trial including adults with non-traumatic OHCA. Ambulance dispatch staff and those collecting the primary outcome were blind to treatment allocation. Blinding of the ambulance staff who delivered the interventions and reported initial response to treatment was not possible. We also conducted a health economic evaluation and a systematic review of all trials of out-of-hospital mechanical chest compression. Setting: Four UK ambulance services (West Midlands, North East England, Wales and South Central), comprising 91 urban and semiurban ambulance stations. Clusters were ambulance service vehicles, which were randomly assigned (approximately 1 : 2) to the LUCAS-2 device or manual CPR. Participants: Patients were included if they were in cardiac arrest in the out-of-hospital environment. Exclusions were patients with cardiac arrest as a result of trauma, with known or clinically apparent pregnancy, or aged < 18 years. Interventions: Patients received LUCAS-2 mechanical chest compression or manual chest compressions according to the first trial vehicle to arrive on scene. Main outcome measures: Survival at 30 days following cardiac arrest; survival without significant neurological impairment [Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) score of 1 or 2]. Results: We enrolled 4471 eligible patients (1652 assigned to the LUCAS-2 device and 2819 assigned to control) between 15 April 2010 and 10 June 2013. A total of 985 (60%) patients in the LUCAS-2 group received mechanical chest compression and 11 (< 1%) patients in the control group received LUCAS-2. In the intention-to-treat analysis, 30-day survival was similar in the LUCAS-2 (104/1652, 6.3%) and manual CPR groups [193/2819, 6.8%; adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.64 to 1.15]. Survival with a CPC score of 1 or 2 may have been worse in the LUCAS-2 group (adjusted OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.99). No serious adverse events were noted. The systematic review found no evidence of a survival advantage if mechanical chest compression was used. The health economic analysis showed that LUCAS-2 was dominated by manual chest compression. Limitations: There was substantial non-compliance in the LUCAS-2 arm. For 272 out of 1652 patients (16.5%), mechanical chest compression was not used for reasons that would not occur in clinical practice. We addressed this issue by using complier average causal effect analyses. We attempted to measure CPR quality during the resuscitation attempts of trial participants, but were unable to do so. Conclusions: There was no evidence of improvement in 30-day survival with LUCAS-2 compared with manual compressions. Our systematic review of recent randomised trials did not suggest that survival or survival without significant disability may be improved by the use of mechanical chest compression. Future work: The use of mechanical chest compression for in-hospital cardiac arrest, and in specific circumstances (e.g. transport), has not yet been evaluated

Bibliographic control of Australian higher degree theses: The future role of the Australian digital theses program

Australia makes a substantial investment in the production of higher degrees by thesis. Completed theses form an important body of original research data, and underpin the career of many of the nation's leading researchers. There is evidence, however, that there is inadequate bibliographic control of this material, and that as a consequence important research data may be difficult to locate. This article traces attempts to provide access to bibliographic records of Australian theses, highlights the problems with regard to both accessibility and quality of those records, and suggests that these problems might be addressed by an expanded role for the Australian Digital Theses progra

Euan Heng : turning for shelter : a survey exhibition 1979-2005

Catalogue of an exhibition held at Stonington Stables Museum of Art, Deakin University, Malvern, 19 July - 9 September 2006.Curator: Victor Griss ; Essay: Justin Clemens

Loretta Quinn : a decade of sculpture.

Catalogue of an exhibition held at the Stonington Stables Museum of Art, Deakin University, Melbourne Campus at Toorak from 20 June - 28 July 2007

Yvonne Boag : unravelling

Catalogue of an exhibition held at Stonnington Stables Museum of Art Deakin University, Melbourne Campus at Toorak 12 October - 3 December 2005.Essay: Donna Brett ; Curator: Caroline Field.Includes bibliographical references

In solitude : Todd Fuller and David-Ashley Kerr.

Exhibition held at Deakin University Art Gallery, Burwood, Vic., 13 April - 21 May 2011.The two artists were winners from the 2010 Walker Street Gallery Emerging Artist Award, with the prize being the opportunity to hold a solo or joint exhibition in the Deakin University Art Gallery, Melbourne Campus at Burwood in 2011.Essay by Leanne Willi