An Efficient Ranking Technique for Intuitionistic Fuzzy Numbers with Its Application in Chance Constrained Bilevel Programming

The aim of this paper is to develop a new ranking technique for intuitionistic fuzzy numbers using the method of defuzzification based on probability density function of the corresponding membership function, as well as the complement of nonmembership function. Using the proposed ranking technique a methodology for solving linear bilevel fuzzy stochastic programming problem involving normal intuitionistic fuzzy numbers is developed. In the solution process each objective is solved independently to set the individual goal value of the objectives of the decision makers and thereby constructing fuzzy membership goal of the objectives of each decision maker. Finally, a fuzzy goal programming approach is considered to achieve the highest membership degree to the extent possible of each of the membership goals of the decision makers in the decision making context. Illustrative numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed methodology and the achieved results are compared with existing techniques

Physiological responses of sub1A QTL under induced dehydration stress for varying days in rice

This study analysed the rice genotype with sub1A quantitative trait loci that may interact with ongoing exposure of dehydration. cv. Swarna Sub1 had more nutrients efficiency with increased membrane permeability than cv. Swarna. sub1A QTL with its expression to water / osmotic deficit, however, indirectly to impede the oxidative stress under dehydration might help cv. Swarna Sub1. At maximum dehydration cv. Swarna Sub1 had 1.12 fold excess electrolyte leakages than cv. Swarna under dehydration. cv. Swarna Sub1 had better Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-malic enzyme activity to secure carbon dioxide exchange. A proportional increase in enzyme activity all through dehydration stress maximize under light in cv. Swarna Sub1. At maximum dehydration cv. Swarna Sub1 at saturating substrate concentration was increased by 1.12 fold than other cultivar. The ratio of glutathione (GSH:GSSG) more depleted in cv. Swarna Sub1 through the dehydration period. cv. Swarna could be more promising to retrieve the activity by 1.80 fold than cv. Swarna Sub1 under maximum dehydration. Dehydroascorbate reductase activity was also maintained in cv. Swarna with 1.20 fold ahead than cv. Swarna Sub1 under same condition. As a biomarker of oxidative stress cv. Swarna Sub1 appeared to be less sensitive with the loss of protein oxidation, however, recorded with 25% less carbonyl content than cv. Swarna. Both the genotypes had scored a significant sensitivity with tissue specific distribution for reactive oxygen species as detected by histochemical assay

Modalities of NADP-malic enzyme activities under light and darkness indicate its regulation with reference to C4 weed

NADP –ME is the key enzyme for decarboxylation reactions in C4 CO2 concentration pathways. So, Amaranthus viridis has been evaluated with regards to photosynthetic NADP-malic enzyme for its response under light and darkness. Illumination (1000–1200 µEm-2s-1) for 40 minutes under 2 mM bicarbonate (HCO3-) sensitivity increased activity by 1.97 & 3.77-fold over darkness under 4.0 mM and 0.01 mM malate respectively. Limiting (0.01 mM) and saturated (4.0 mM) malate concentration had significant changes in enzyme activities. The different kinetic parameters indicated had the feedback inhibition under illumination. The activity with the inducer (citrate and succinate) and inhibitor (pyruvate and oxalate) was significant with substrate concentrations. Dithiol had reduced the activity by inhibition of the diminishing effect of light activation treatment. Therefore, NADP-ME is stringently regulated by redox changes with illumination as a key factor. Moreover, the pattern of polymorphic gene expression may be supportive in molecular modulation under light/darkness. This study may support the role of NADP-ME as a biomarker for C4 weed species under oxidative stress through light/darkness

Role of calcium phosphate and bioactive glass coating on in vivo bone healing of new Mg-Zn-Ca implant

Present investigation focuses on development and detailed characterization of a new Mg alloy sample (BM) with and without coating of hydroxyapatite (BMH) and bioactive glass (BMG) by air plasma spray method. After detailed mechano-physico-chemical characterization of powders and coated samples, electrochemical corrosion and SBF immersion tests were carried out. Detailed in vitro characterizations for cell viability were undertaken using MG-63 cell line followed by in vivo tests in rabbit model for studying bone healing up to 60 days. Starting current density increases from BM to BMH to BMG indicating highest resistance towards corrosion in case of BMG samples, however BMH also showed highest i(corr) value suggesting slowest rate of corrosion than BM and BMG samples. Dissolution of calcium ion in case of BMH and BMG control formation of apatite phases on surface. Ca2+ ions of coatings and from SBF solution underwent reduction reaction simultaneously with conversion of Mg to MgCl2 releasing OH- in the solution, which increases pH. Viability and propagation of human osteoblast-like cells was verified using confocal microscopy observations and from expression of bone specific genes. Alkaline phosphatase assay and ARS staining indicate cell proliferation and production of neo-osseous tissue matrix. In vivo, based on histology of heart, kidney and liver, and immune response of IL-2, IL-6 and TNF alpha, all the materials show no adverse effects in body system. The bone creation was observed to be more for BMH. Although both BMH and BMG show rays of possibilities in early new bone formation and tough bone-implant bonding at interface as compared to bare Mg alloy, however, BMG showed better well-sprayed coating covering on substrate and resistance against corrosion prior implanting in vivo. Also, better apatite formation on this sample makes it more favourable implant. GRAPHICS]

Cellular response of oxidative stress when sub1A QTL of rice receives water deficit stress

In this experiment, sub1A quantitative trait loci (sub1A QTL) of rice were evaluated for dehydration responses through different aspects of cellular responses. Through variations of dehydration exposure, rice seedlings recorded a significant increase in superoxide (O2.-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the former by 1.80 fold and the latter by 2.10 fold. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity fairly correlated with lipid peroxidation (r = 1.96). Both 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) had similar IC50 values over the control at p ? 0.05. Reducing power of the extract had 1.31 fold increase. The antioxidant moieties like total phenolics and flavonoids were 1.04 and 1.23 fold upregulated under stress. On the other hand anthocyanin and glutathione (GSH) did not vary much under stress except at maximum duration of stress. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was initially stable but maximized at 8 days by 1.30 fold increase. On the contrary, guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) was seen to be downregulated by 40.94% all through the days of stress. Catalase (CAT) activity followed a similar trend, but was not significant as compared to control

Using Hydrophilic Ionic Liquid, [bmim]BF4 – Ethylene Glycol System as a Novel Media for the Rapid Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles

In this work, we present a novel method for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles. We utilize the charge compensatory effect of ionic liquid [bmim]BF4 in conjunction with ethylene glycol for providing electro-steric stabilization to copper nanoparticles prepared from copper sulphate using hydrazine hydrate as a reducing agent. The formed copper nanoparticles showed extended stability over a period of one year. Copper nanoparticles thus prepared were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction measurements (pXRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and quasi elastic light scattering (QELS) techniques. Powder X-ray diffraction (pXRD) analysis revealed relevant Bragg's reflection for crystal structure of copper. Powder X-ray diffraction plots also revealed no oxidized material of copper nanoparticles. TEM showed nearly uniform distribution of the particles in methanol and confirmed by QELS. Typical applications of copper nanoparticles include uses in conductive films, lubrication and nanofluids. Currently efforts are under way in our laboratory for using these nanoparticles as catalysts for a variety of organic reactions

Science with the Einstein Telescope: a comparison of different designs

The Einstein Telescope (ET), the European project for a third-generation gravitational-wave detector, has a reference configuration based on a triangular shape consisting of three nested detectors with 10 km arms, where in each arm there is a `xylophone' configuration made of an interferometer tuned toward high frequencies, and an interferometer tuned toward low frequencies and working at cryogenic temperature. Here, we examine the scientific perspectives under possible variations of this reference design. We perform a detailed evaluation of the science case for a single triangular geometry observatory, and we compare it with the results obtained for a network of two L-shaped detectors (either parallel or misaligned) located in Europe, considering different choices of arm-length for both the triangle and the 2L geometries. We also study how the science output changes in the absence of the low-frequency instrument, both for the triangle and the 2L configurations. We examine a broad class of simple `metrics' that quantify the science output, related to compact binary coalescences, multi-messenger astronomy and stochastic backgrounds, and we then examine the impact of different detector designs on a more specific set of scientific objectives.Comment: 197 pages, 72 figure