TANAMAN OBAT YANG TERDAPAT DI KOTA BENGKULU YANG BERPOTENSI SEBAGAI OBAT PENYAKIT DAN GANGGUAN PADA SISTEM PENCERNAAN MANUSIA

This study was conducted from January-March 2010 in Bengkulu City. It was aimed to investigate kinds of plant species that potentially effective to treat gastrointestinal disorders and diseases. Data collected by using observation and interviews methods. Observation and interviews area sampling were selected by using purposive sampling area method. From the research, there were noted 68 kinds of plant species that potentially used as traditional medicine. Of all digestive diseases, dysentery and diarrhoea were often treated by using medicinal plants. There were many medicinal plants found in Bengkulu city that potentially effective as a traditional medicine but has not been used by the community

Uji Efektivitas Antibakteri Daun Tanaman Nusa Indah (Mussaenda pubescens ait. f ) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus ( Rosenbach )

Latar Belakang: penyakit infeksi sering dijumpai pada wilayah dengan cuaca panas, basah, serta status ekonomi yang rendah. Salah satu bakteri yang menyebabkan infeksis ialah Staphylococcus aureus. Antibioik eritromisin yang digunakan untuk mengobati infeksi memiliki berbagai efek samping. Pemanfaatan tanaman obat merupakan salah satu alternatif untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut. Daun tanaman nusa indah merupakan salah satu tanaman yang mempunyai banyak manfaat, salah satunya sebagai antibakteri. Penggunaan daun tersebut dengan cara menumbuk daun dan ditempelkan di bagain kulit yang terinfeksi, namun belum dilatar belakangi studi ilmiah. Metode: Ekstraksi daun tanaman nusa indah sebelumnya dilakukan pengujian fitokima. Selanjutnya, dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 95% dan dilarutkan dengan akuades. Hasil ekstraksi kemudian dilakukan Uji Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Setelah dilakukan uji MIC kemudian dilakukan pengujian efektivitas. Parameter yang digunakan ialah besarnya zona hambat yang terbentuk disekitar kertas cakram, dan Kontrol positif yang digunakan adalah larutan antibiotik Eritromisin 50 µg/ml untuk bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Hasil: Hasil pengujian fitokimia didapatkan metabolit sekunder positif ialah flavonoid, tanin, saponin, dan steroid. Hasil pengujian MIC didapatkan bahwa ekstrak daun tanaman nusa indah memiliki kemampuan sebagai antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aures. Dari analisis statistik pengujian ANOVA ekstrak daun tanaman nusa indah dalam menghambat bakteri Staphylococcus aureus memiliki nilai Fhitung > Ftabel dengan nilai α = 0,05 dan kemudian diuji lanjut dengan menggunakan uji Duncan dan didapatkan zona hambat yang efektif  dalam  menghambat Staphylococcus aureus yaitu pada konsentrasi 75% (E5). Kesimpulan: Ekstrak daun tanaman nusa indah ( Mussaenda pubescens ait.f )  memiliki  daya hambat terhadap pertumbuhn bakteri Staphylococcus aureus

ESTIMATION OF NUMBERS OF COLIFORM BACTERIAL AS WATER QUALITY INDICATOR IN KEPAHIANG DISTRICT RIVERS, BENGKULU PROVINCE

Coliform is a group of microbes that are used as indicators of water quality. Water pollution is generally caused by pathogenic microbes from feces, household waste, and industrial activity waste. This study aimed to estimate the total number of coliform contamination in several rivers in Kepahiang Regency, namely Tebat Monok (TM), Sempiyang (SPY), Penanjung Panjang (PP), Embong Ijok (EI) Air Langkap(ALK), and Air Belimbing (ABB).  Total coliform and Fecal coliform tests were carried out using the Most Probable Number (MPN) method on Lactose Broth, Brillian Green Lactose Bile Broth and pour plates on Eosin Methylene Blue Agar media. Measurement of abiotic factors was on temperature and pH parameters. The test results of total coliform showed that 6 rivers contained total coliform under the Class II river water quality standards with a range of 1210/100 mL– 4310/100 mL and 2 rivers that were contaminated with Fecal coliform, TM and ALK, have the content of 1500/100 mL and 1700 / 100 mL. The results of the measurement of the abiotic factor, the river pH range was 7.4 - 8.2. The lowest temperature was 25oC in SPY river and the highest temperature was 26 oC on the TM, PP, EI, ALK, and ABB rivers

UJI EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK RIMPANG LENGKUAS MERAH (ALPINIA PURPURATA K.SCHUM) SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI ESCHERICHIA COLI PENYEBAB DIARE

The research has been done in the period of March to April 2009, using Completely Randomized Design. This research was aimed to find out the effective concentration of rhizome extract using n-hexana and methanol for inhibiting growth of E. coli. The rhizomes were extracted by maseration method using n-hexana and methanol which determined into five levels of concentration 3.5%, 4.25%, 5%. 5.75% and 6.5%, and tetracycline solution as the comparison factor. The antibacterial test was using paper disc diffusion method. As the result, the largest diameter of inhibition from the rhizome that extracted by using n-hexana was at concentration of 4.25% (9.5 mm), while rhizome that extracted using methanol resulted the the largest diameter of inhibition at the concentration of 5.75% (8.16 mm), and tetracycline was 10,33 mm. It could be concluded the rhizome that ectracted using n-hexana and methanol did not significantly affect to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli

Pencirian Genetik Pepper Yellow Leaf Curl Virus pada Tanaman Cabai Merah (Capsicum annuum) di Bengkulu

Chili is one of the horticultural commodities with increasing demand yearly. Rejang Lebong and Kepahiang regencies are the most significant chili-producing areas in Bengkulu. One of the crucial viruses in chili plants is Pepper yellow leaf curl virus (PYLCV). PYLCV virus infection in the vegetative phase can cause stunted plants and fail to bear fruit. This study aims to detect and genetically characterize PYLCV. Samples of chili plants were taken in these two districts using the purposive sampling method. Virus detection was carried out at the Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biology. Extraction of viral DNA using the Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) method. Rep and Trap gene amplification using universal primers of Bemovirus. SPG1 and SPG2. The PCR product was visualized on a 1.2% agarose gel in TAE.. Furthermore, the PCR products were sequenced in PT Genetics Science Indonesia. Virus gene sequences were aligned using Bioedit and MEGA X software. The results showed that of the 24 chili plants sampled in the study, 21 samples showed an amplicon with a size of ~ 900 bp, which follows the length of the amplicon based on the primer used. Of the 21 amplicon results, 6 of them were sequenced and genetically characterized. The results of the genetic characterization of the 6 samples showed the presence of 552 conservative sites (C) (75.6%), 178 variation sites (Vi) (24.4%), parsimony sites (Pi) (15.9%), and 70 singleton (S) sites (8.5%). The highest nucleotide base composition was thymine (T) with an average value of 30.1%, and the lowest was guanine (G) 21.9%, while the highest nucleotide combined composition was AT with an average value of 55%, the lowest was GC approximately 45%. The average genetic distance between samples was 0.13 (13%). Based on the phylogenetic tree, 6 samples were divided into two groups.   Keywords: begomovirus, Bengkulu, Capsicum annuu

Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Kayu Tumbuhan Biau (Psophocarpus sp.) Terhadap Bakteri Salmonella typhi Dan Shigella dysenteriae Penyebab Diare

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Penelitian ini merupakan suatu studi ethnomedicine yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan data ilmiah mengenai efek penggunaan kayu tumbuhan Biau sebagai salah satu obat diare yang banyak digunakan oleh masyarakat Suku Serawai di Kecamatan Pino Raya. Adapun yang menjadi latar belakang penulisan ini karena Data Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Bengkulu menunjukkan kasus diare mengalami peningkatan, yaitu sebanyak 50.622 kasus pada tahun 2016 dan 53.348 kasus pada tahun 2017. Selain itu, pemanfaatan tumbuhan obat juga dapat menjadi alternatif dalam mengatasi berbagai efek samping penggunaan antibiotik dan fenomena resistensi antibiotik yang semakin meluas.Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah studi analitik eksperimental laboratorium dan menggunakan metode uji difusi cakram (disk diffusion test). Ekstraksi kayu tumbuhan Biau dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96% selama 5 hari. Hasil ekstraksi kemudian dilakukan uji Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), dan dilanjutkan uji efektivitas. Parameter yang digunakan adalah diameter zona hambat yang terbentuk disekitar kertas cakram, dan kontrol positif yang digunakan adalah larutan antibiotik siprofloksasin.Hasil: Hasil uji MIC menunjukkan bahwa kayu tumbuhan Biau mempunyai aktivitas sebagai antibakteri yang dilanjutkan dengan pengujian efektivitas. Berdasarkan analisis statistik, konsentrasi 55% merupakan konsentrasi paling efektif untuk bakteri Salmonella typhi dengan diameter 6,20 mm termasuk dalam kategori sedang, dan konsentrasi paling efektif untuk bakteri Shigella dysenteriae adalah konsentrasi 70% dengan diameter 7,66 mm termasuk dalam kategori sedang yang ditandai dengan hasil statistik yang berbeda nyata.Kesimpulan: Ekstrak kayu tumbuhan Biau mempunyai aktivitas sebagai antibakteri dengan konsentrasi 55% sebagai konsentrasi paling efektif untuk bakteri Salmonella typhi dan konsentrasi 70% merupakan konsentrasi paling efektif untuk bakteri Shigella dysenteriae. Kata kunci: Kayu Biau (Psophocarpus sp.), Shigella dysenteriae dan Salmonella typhi. ABSTRACTBackgound: This research is a study of ethnomedicine that aims to obtain scientific data about the effects of the use of Biau wood as one remedy of diarrhea that is widely used by the people of the Serawai Tribe in Pino Raya sub-district. The background of this research is Data from public health office in Bengkulu Province showed that cases of diarrhea have increased from 50,622 cases in 2016 and became 53,348 cases in 2017. In addition, the utilization of medicinal plants can also be an alternative to resolve the various side effects of antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance phenomenon which is increasingly widespread.Methods: This type of research is a laboratory experimental analytical study and used a disk diffusion test method. Extraction of Biau plant wood was done by maceration method using 96% ethanol for 5 days. The extraction results then used to Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) assay, then effectiveness assay in which both of these assay looked the diameter of inhibition zone formed around the disc paper, and the positive control used ciprofloxacin antibiotic as comparison.Results: MIC test results showed that Biau plant wood had an antibacterial activity which followed by effectiveness assay. Based on the statistical analysis showed that 55% of concentration was the most effective for Salmonella typhi with a diameter of 6.20 mm included in the moderate category and 70% of concentration was the most effective for Shigella dysenteriae with a diameter of 7.66 mm included in the moderate category which was marked by statistically different results.Conclusion: Biau wood extract had an activity as an antibacterial with a concentration of 55% as the most effective concentration for Salmonella typhi and a concentration of 70% as the most effective concentration for Shigella dysenteriae. Keywords: Biau wood (Psophocarpus sp.), Shigella dysenteriae and Salmonella typhi

Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Akar Tanaman Lauh Putiah (Ficus racemosa L.) Terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli dan Shigella dysenteriae Penyebab Diare

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Diare merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan di dunia dan negara berkembang. Mortalitas diare berkisar 17,5-21% dengan ekuivalent 1,5 juta orang setiap tahunnya. Escherichia coli dan Shigella Sp. merupakan patogen utama penyebab diare. Antibioik siprofloksasin yang digunakan untuk mengobati diare memiliki berbagai efek samping. Pemanfaatan tanaman obat merupakan salah satu alternatif untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut. Akar Lauh Putiah merupakan salah satu tanaman obat tradisional yang mempunyai banyak manfaat, salah satunya sebagai antibakteri. Penggunaan akar pada masyarakat Desa Pasar Pino dengan cara meminum air rebusan dari akar Lauh Putiah. Kebiasaan dan pengetahuan tersebut telah secara turun-temurun, namun belum dilatarbelakangi studi ilmiah.Metode: Ekstraksi akar Lauh Putiah dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96% dan dilarutkan dengan DMSO. Hasil ekstraksi kemudian dilakukan Uji Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Setelah dilakukan uji MIC kemudian dilakukan pengujian efektivitas. Kedua uji ini menggunakan metode difusi kertas cakram. Parameter yang digunakan ialah besarnya zona hambat yang terbentuk disekitar kertas cakram, dan kontrol positif yang digunakan adalah larutan antibiotik siprofloksasin 50 µg/ml untuk bakteri Escherichia coli dan bakteri Shigella dysenteriae.Hasil: Hasil pengujian MIC didapatkan bahwa ekstrak akar Lauh Putiah memiliki kemampuan sebagai antibakteri terhadap bakteri Esherichia coli dan Shigella dysentriae. Dari analisis statistik pengujian ANOVA pengaruh ekstrak akar Lauh Putiah menghambat bakteri Escherichia coli dan Shigella sysentriae memiliki nilai Fhitung > Ftabel dengan nilai ? = 0,05 dan kemudian diuji lanjut dengan menggunakan uji Duncan dan didapatkan zona hambat yang efektif konsentrasi yang efektif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli adalah konsentrasi 60% (AE3). Pada bakteri Shigella dysentriae didapatkan konsentrasi yang efektif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Shigella dysenteriae adalah konsentrasi 87,5% (BE4).Kesimpulan: Ekstrak Akar Tanaman Lauh Putiah (Ficus racemosa L.) memiliki daya hambat terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli dan Shigella dysentriae. Kata kunci: Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Lauh Putiah, Ficus racemosa Linn. ABSTRACTBackground: Diarrhea is one of health problems in the world and developing countries. Diarrhea mortality range is 17.5-21% with an equivalent of 1.5 million people per year. Escherichia coli and Shigella sp. are the main pathogen bacteria that causes diarrhea. Ciprofloxacin is common antibiotic that used to treat diarrhea, but it has various side effects. The use of medicinal plants is an alternative to overcome this problem. Lauh Putiah roots is one of the traditional medicinal plants that has many benefits, one of the benefits is to produce antibacterial compounds. Lauh Putiah roots is used as a medicine for people in Pasar Pino village, it used to heal diarrhea by drinking boiled water from Lauh Putiah roots. These habits have been passed down through generations, but it has not been proofed by scientific studies.Methods: Extraction of Lauh Putiah root was done by maceration method using ethanol 96% and dissolved with DMSO. The extraction results were used to Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) assay. After MIC assay, effectiveness assay was done. Both of these assay used paper disk diffusion methods. The parameters that used were the amount of inhibition zone formed around the disc paper, and the positive control used ciprofloxacin antibiotic 50 µg/ml for Escherichia coli and Shigella sp.Results: The MIC assay results showed that the roots extract of Lauh Putiah had the ability as an antibacterial against Esherichia coli and Shigella dysentriae. From the statistical analysis of ANOVA test, the effect of Lauh Putiah root extract inhibits Escherichia coli and Shigella sysentriae with a value of Fcount> Ftable with a value of ? = 0.05 and then further tested using Duncan test and found an effective inhibition zone concentration that inhibits growth of Escherichia coli in 60% concentration (AE3) and inhibits growth of Shigella dysentriae  in 87.5% concentration (BE4).Conclusion: Lauh Putiah Root Extract (Ficus racemosa L.) has inhibitory effect on the growth of Escherichia coli and Shigella dysentriae. Keywords:  Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Lauh Putiah, Ficus racemosa Linn

Endophytic Bacteria Identification of Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) From Enggano Island

Abstract: Endophytic bacteria are bacteria associated with the tissues of healthy plants that are beneficial. Almost every higher plant has some endophytic bacteria, one of which is Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) from Enggano Island. This research aims to obtain endophytic bacteria and to identify the Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) endophytic bacteria collected from Enggano Island. Endophyte bacteria isolation was carried out by the paste method on medium Nutrient Agar (NA) after sterilizing the surface of plant organs using alcohol and sodium hypochlorite 5,25%. A total of 24 isolates of endophytic bacteria of Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) were isolated from rhizomes (stem modification), leaf sheath, and leaf sheet. Endophytic bacteria were identified based on morphological observation, biochemical tests, and Gram-staining. As a result, the diversity of bacteria consists of 7 genera, namely the genus Bacillus, Sporosarcina, Amphibacillus, Azotobacter, Eubacterium, Pimelobacter, and Micrococcus. The genus Bacillus consists of 4 species, the genus Sporosarcina consists of 6 species, the genus Amphibacillus consists of 1 species, the genus Azotobacter consists of 2 species, the genus Eubacterium consists of 1 species, the genus Pimelobacter consists of 1 species, and the genus Micrococcus which also consists of 1 species. Bacillus is the most common type of endophytic bacteria that was found in red ginger from Enggano Island.Abstrak: Bakteri endofit adalah bakteri yang berasosiasi dengan jaringan tanaman yang memiliki banyak manfaat, baik bagi manusia maupun tumbuhan itu sendiri. Hampir setiap tumbuhan tingkat tinggi memiliki beberapa bakteri endofit, salah satunya jahe merah (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) yang berasal dari Pulau Enggano. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan bakteri endofit dan mengetahui keanekaragaman bakteri endofit yang diisolasi dari jahe merah (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) asal Pulau Enggano. Isolasi bakteri endofit dilakukan dengan metode tempel pada media Nutrient Agar (NA) setelah dilakukan sterilisasi permukaan organ tanaman menggunakan alkohol dan natrium hipoklorit 5,25%. Sebanyak 24 isolat bakteri endofit jahe merah (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) diisolasi dari rimpang (modifikasi batang), pelepah daun, dan helaian daun. Bakteri endofit diidentifikasi berdasarkan pengamatan morfologi, uji biokimia, dan pewarnaan Gram. Hasilnya, keanekaragaman bakteri terdiri dari 7 genus, yaitu Bacillus, Sporosarcina, Amphibacillus, Azotobacter, Eubacterium, Pimelobacter, dan Micrococcus. Genus Bacillus terdiri dari 4 spesies, genus Sporosarcina terdiri dari 6 spesies, genus Amphibacillus terdiri dari 1 spesies, genus Azotobacter terdiri dari 2 spesies, genus Eubacterium terdiri dari 1 spesies, genus Pimelobacter terdiri dari 1 spesies, dan genus Micrococcus yang juga terdiri dari 1 spesies. Bacillus merupakan genus yang mendominasi keanekaragaman bakteri endofit yang diisolasi dari jahe merah asal Pulau Enggano

PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT JAMUR AKAR PUTIH (JAP) PADA TANAMAN KARET RAKYAT DENGAN FUNGISIDA HAYATI JAMUR ANTAGONIS Trichoderma spp.

The main problem in the people’s rubber in the village of Genting Perangkap and Lubuk Balam, Air Besi, North Bengkulu is a fungal disease that attacks the roots of plants. White root fungus disease (JAP) cause of death in rubber, so that the disease attacks resulted in significant losses. Based on field survey team PPM to land smallholder rubber of Genting Perangkap and Lubuk Balam Village, many found the plants spaces are very close, the stump of a dead rubber tree attacked JAP left alone on the land, and the plants die immediately replaced with new seedlings without eradicate exhausted dead tree stump by JAP. As a result of this new plant will die after the age of 2 years or more, since contracted directly by the fungi Rigidoporus microporus that cause disease JAP from the ground and fungal spores contained in the rubber tree stumps that had not been cleaned. To help the problems of rubber farmers in the village of Genting Perangkap and Lubuk Balam, it is necessary to control training and extension activities of white root fungus disease (JAP) on smallholder rubber plant with a fungicide biological antagonist fungus Trichoderma spp. and the efforts of former rubber plantation land processing stricken JAP. The method used is counseling, training, and applications directly to the field. Having done this activity then: Service target communities have been able to recognize the early symptoms of fungal disease attacks the roots of white, rubber plant spacing was good, as well as the handling of the former rubber plantation land that was attacked by JAP. Target communities have learned how to control the disease by using the JAP antagonist fungus Trichoderma spp. Target communities already have the expertise and is able to reproduce itself Trichoderma spp. and how the application of the newly planted crops, and plants attacked JAP. The outcome of this IbM activity is the product of the fertilizer Trichoderma spp. Keywords: Farmers, JAP, Rigidoporus microporus, Trichoderma spp