THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF Myrmecodia sp. ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF FALLOPIAN TUBE EPITHELIAL CELLS IN MICE WITHPELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is a serious reproductive health issue affecting women of reproductive age, with Candida albicans as a common causative agent. This infection can damage the fallopian tube mucosa, increasing the risks of infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain. With rising antimicrobial resistance, alternative therapies are needed. Myrmecodia sp. (ant plant) is a promising herbal candidate, rich in bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and saponins, known for their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. This study investigates the therapeutic effects of Myrmecodia sp. extract on the fallopian tube mucosa of BALB/c mice infected with Candida albicans. Using a true experimental post-test design, 24 mice were infected for four days and treated with varying concentrations of Myrmecodia sp. extract for seven days. Data were analyzed using ANOVA for vaginal color changes and the Kruskal-Wallis test for irritation. The results revealed that Myrmecodia sp. extract significantly reduced inflammation (p < 0.001) and showed a trend toward reduced irritation (p = 0.077). In conclusion, Myrmecodia sp. is a potential herbal therapy for PID caused by Candida albicans, offering a safe and effective option to support tissue regeneration and reduce complications

ANTIDIABETES TEST OF ETANOL EXTRACT OF ARA SUNGSANG LEAVES (Asystasia gangetica L.) ON ALOKSAN INDUCED WHITE MICE

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is caused by progressive impairment of insulin secretion leading to insulin resistance. Long-term use of antidiabetic drugs has gastrointestinal side effects as well as an increased risk of hypoglycemia. Therefore, a safer herbal treatment was developed. The purpose of the study was to determine the antidiabetic activity of ethanol extract of ara sungsang leaves on the reduction of glucose levels. The research is experimental, with the stages of making and standardizing simplisia, phytochemical screening, extraction, testing antidiabetic activity in vivo with 25 male mice. Blood glucose levels were determined at the beginning of fasting, after alloxan induction dose of 150 mg/kgbw, day 3, 6, 9, 12, 15. Blood glucose levels were analyzed statistically using the oneway ANOVA method. The results of the examination of simplisia standardization showed that the standardization of simplisia met the requirements. Phytochemical screening results showed that ara sungsang contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, and steroids/triterpenoids. The antidiabetic activity test in mice showed that the ethanol extract of ara sungsang at a dose of 225 mg/kgbw had a greater effect on reducing blood glucose levels than doses of 75 and 150 mg/kgbw

THE ROLE OF Amorphophallus titanum (Becc.) IN CULTURE, ECOSYSTEMS AND SCIENCE

Amorphophallus titanum (Becc.) is one of the rare species of flora in Indonesia, this flora is also an endemic plant to the island of Sumatra that naturally grows along Bukit Barisan and is mostly found in the western slopes such as Bengkulu, Kerinci, Palembang, Bukit Tinggi. This research was conducted to determine the role of the rare flower A. titanum (Becc) which is not found in all regions in Indonesia. The method used in this article is a literature study by analyzing or reviewing several journal articles. This review provides information that shows the role of A. titanum (Becc.) in culture, its role in ecosystems, its role in science and its challenges and opportunities in the future. Conservation efforts of A.titanum not only protect its species, but also preserve the cultural values associated with its presence. A. titanum is not only important for maintaining the sustainability of its own species, but also for protecting tropical forest ecosystems that are home to a diverse range of flora and fauna. A. titanum (Becc.) also plays an important role as a subject of scientific research to understand various aspects of life, ecosystems, and environmental conservation efforts.

SENSITIVITY OF BIOFILM-PRODUCING BACTERIA FROM NASOGASTRIC TUBES TO ANTIBIOTICS CEFTRIAXONE & CEFOBACTAM

Nasogastric Tube (NGT) is a common practice in medical care, especially for the administration of nutrients or drugs directly into the digestive tract. The surface of the NGT is in direct contact with the respiratory tract and digestive tract providing ideal conditions for bacteria to form biofilms. Biofilms have the ability to provide a high level of resistance to antimicrobial action and body defenses. Biofilms provide a microenvironment that protects bacteria from direct exposure to antimicrobial agents, such as antibiotics. This study aims to determine the sensitivity of biofilm-producing bacteria from NGT to antibiotics. This study used an experimental method conducted in the Pharmaceutical Microbiology Laboratory using purposive sampling techniques, biofilm detection using the Congo Red Agar and tube methods, Ceftriaxone and Cefobactam antibiotic sensitivity tests using the disc diffusion method. The results obtained that the positive Nasogastric Tube device can produce biofilm bacteria and can affect bacteria to become more resistant to antibiotics for long-term use of the Nasogastric Tube device. It can be seen that the measurement of the inhibition zone shows that the Ceftriaxone antibiotic has an average inhibition zone of 2.32 mm and Cefobactam 7.42 mm

EVALUATION OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AT UNIVERSITY X JAKARTA

Most of the waste produced in the university environment comes from the canteen. The accumulation of waste in the university environment is due to the lack of proper waste management. The sorting, collection, transportation, and recycling process has not been carried out, and even education and awareness of all university components have not been maximized. This research aims to evaluate waste management in the university environment using qualitative methods with a descriptive design. Respondents consisted of 5 informants, namely key informants (management section), primary informants (head in charge of university cleanliness, janitor, waste collection officer), and supporting informants (campus security officers). Data was collected using in-depth interviews, field observations, and document reviews, which were then validated using source and method triangulation methods. The research results stated that there were no operational standards in waste management in the university environment, unscheduled transportation schedules, and no community awareness of the need to sort waste properly. There needs to be active participation of the entire academic community and transparent policies in managing campus waste

DIVERSITY OF MOSS PLANTS (BRYOPHYTA) IN COBAN TALUN, BATU CITY

Mosses (Bryophyta) are lower plants that lack the vascular tissue, roots, stems and true leaves of higher plants. Lichens can grow in a variety of habitats, including in extreme environments. This study aims to identify the diversity of moss plants in Coban Talun, Batu City, East Java. The sampling technique applied in this study involved dividing the area into 10 plots, with each plot having a size of 3m x 3m. The results obtained from ten plots in the Coban Talun waterfall area showed the presence of 9 species of lichens growing in the location, namely Anoectangium aestivum, Anomodon attenuatus, Campylopus introflexus, Marchantia polymorpha, L. cruciata, Pogonatum inflexum, Andreaea sp., Leucobryum glaucum, and Conocephalum conicum. Moss diversity is strongly influenced by environmental conditions such as temperature, air humidity, and light intensity. At low temperatures (around 25°C) moss diversity is higher than at higher temperatures (around 29°C). At humidity close to 72%, liverwort diversity is more dominant, while at humidity around 62%, leafwort diversity is more dominant

IN SILICO AND IN VITRO ANALYSIS OF BLASHV AND BLATEM GENE PRIMERS

Bacterial pollution that occurs in the environment causes an increase in disease and antibiotic use, which leads to resistance. This study analyzes antibiotic-resistant blaSHV and blaTEM genes in silico and in vitro. Antibiotic-resistant bacterial isolates on ESBL will be carried out PCR and electrophoresis. The type of research used is descriptive observational research conducted from April to September 2024. The sampling technique used was random sampling. Primer blaSHV with sequence F' AGGATTGACTGCCTTTTTG and R' ATTTGCTGATTTCGCTCG, while primer blaTEM has sequence F' ATCAGCAATAAACCAGC and R' CCCCGAAGAACGTTTTC. Data analysis was carried out by analyzing in silico results obtained from the NCBI website and observing the visualization results of PCR amplification indicated by the presence of DNA bands.  In silico results showed 25 organisms attached to blaSHV and 29 organisms to blaTEM. In vitro results shown by electrophoresis visualization showed blaSHV amplicons measuring 392 bp with an annealing temperature of 50.5°C, and blaTEM measuring 517 bp with an annealing temperature of 42°C. The success rate of PCR was shown by clear and specific amplification of both genes, indicating that the PCR method performed was effective in detecting blaSHV and blaTEM genes in ESBL antibiotic-resistant bacterial isolate samples.

DIVERSITY OF PISCES IN THE LEMBAH TUMPANG

The objective of this study was to determine the diversity of fish species found in Tumpang Valley, Tumpang Sub-district, Malang Regency, East Java as an effort to preserve fish species. The method used in this research is observation in various ponds by using the help of reflection book and google lens to identify the types of fish found. Based on the results of research conducted by researchers on the diversity of fish species in Tumpang Resort Valley Area, Tumpang District, Malang Regency, the results indiccate that there are 5 species, namely koi fish, Javanese wader fish (tawes), tilapia fish, citul fish, and goldfish. There are various types of koi fish with different genetic variations, but there are 8 koi fish that can be identified by researchers, namely platinum koi fish, orenji ogon koi fish, karasugoi koi fish, kigoi koi fish, yamato nishiki koi fish, nezu ogon koi fish, silver koi fish, and sanke koi fish. The result of the fish diversity index obtained is 1.173 (in the low category)

THE IDENTIFICATION OF MICROPLASTICS IN GILLS AND DIGESTIVE TRACT IN TILAPIA FISH (Oreochromis mossambicus) IN LAKE TOBA

Microplastics threaten the survival of aquatic organisms including fish in Lake Toba. This study aims to identify the type and abundance of microplastics found in the gills and digestive tract of tilapia (Orochromis mossambicus) in cages and non-cages of Lake Toba, Samosir Regency. Sampling was conducted in February-March 2024 at three stations namely Tanjung Bunga, Palipi, Simarsasar with sampling at each location of 10 caged and non-caged fish each. Extraction of microplastics using the Fenton. Observation parameters included gill weight, gut length, and abundance of microplastics in the gills and digestive tract. The results revealed that the majority of microplastics identified in cages and non-cages were fiber and filament types, with non-cage fish having a higher abundance of microplastics than cage fish

MOSSES DIVERSITY IN GROJOGAN SEWU, JUMOG, AND PARANG IJO WATERFALL, KARANGANYAR DISTRICT

Moss is a plant that can be found in low and highlands and lives attached to the substrate. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of lichens that grow in waterfalls located in Karanganyar district. The method used in this research was purposive sampling method. Based on the observations of the species found came from 5 classes namely Bryopsida, Marchantiopsida, Anthecerotopsida, Hepaticopsida and Jungermanniopsida. The level of diversity in each waterfall is influenced by environmental factors such as temperature, humidity and sunlight. Jumog and Parang ijo waterfalls have a high diversity index, while the evenness value of the three waters is high, and has the same dominance value which is classified as low