Comparaison actimétrie - polygraphie pour l'étude des états de veille et de sommeil du nouveau né

BREST-BU Médecine-Odontologie (290192102) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Capnocytophaga sputigena: An unusual cause of community-acquired pneumonia

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Sepsis caused by Salmonella Paratyphi B producing an OXA-48 carbapenemase in a traveller

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Actigraphy is not a reliable method for measuring sleep patterns in neonates.

International audiencePolysomnography is the gold standard for studying sleep, but it is complex to use, and this can be problematic in clinically unstable preterm infants. We evaluated the reliability of actigraphy and polysomnography in detecting sleep-wake patterns in newborn infants. A prospective, monocentric study was conducted that measured the sleep patterns of 48 infants: 24 late preterm neonates born at 34-36 weeks of gestational age and 24 term neonates. We used both polysomnography and the Actiwatch Mini during a three-hour period and then compared the results from the two methods. The baseline measurements for the preterm and terms groups were as follows: gestational age (34.5 weeks and 39.2 weeks), birthweight (2368 g and 3393 g) and age (6.4 days and 0.72 days). With the Actiwatch Mini, sensitivity for the late preterm and full-term infants was 78% and 87% for the leg actigraph and 78% and 93% for the arm actigraph. For specificity, the respective figures were 42% and 31% for the leg and 34% and 20% for the arm. Actigraphy using the Actiwatch Mini was not a reliable method for measuring sleep patterns in healthy late preterm and term neonates a few days after birth

Repertoire of the gut microbiota from stomach to colon using culturomics and next-generation sequencing

International audienceBackgroundMost studies on the human microbiota have analyzed stool samples, although a large proportion of the absorption of nutrients takes place in upper gut tract. We collected samples from different locations along the entire gastrointestinal tract from six patients who had simultaneously undergone upper endoscopy and colonoscopy, to perform a comprehensive analysis using culturomics with matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation - time of flight (MALDI-TOF) identification and by metagenomics targeting the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene.ResultsUsing culturomics, we isolated 368 different bacterial species, including 37 new species. Fewer species were isolated in the upper gut: 110 in the stomach and 106 in the duodenum, while 235 were isolated from the left colon (p<0.02). We isolated fewer aero-intolerant species in the upper gut: 37 from the stomach and 150 from the left colon (p<0.004). Using metagenomics, 1,021 species were identified. The upper gut microbiota was revealed to be less rich than the lower gut microbiota, with 37,622 reads from the stomach, 28,390 from the duodenum, and 79,047 from the left colon (p<0.009). There were fewer reads for aero-intolerant species in the upper gut (8,656 in the stomach, 5,188 in the duodenum and 72,262 in the left colon, p<0.02).Patients taking proton pump inhibitors (PPI) were then revealed to have a higher stomach pH and a greater diversity of species in the upper digestive tract than patients not receiving treatment (p<0.001).ConclusionSignificant modifications in bacterial composition and diversity exist throughout the gastrointestinal tract. We suggest that the upper gut may be key to understanding the relationship between the gut microbiota and health

Impact of HIV Infection on the Course of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Drug Safety Profile: A Multicenter GETAID Study

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Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics

International audienceMetagenomics revolutionized the understanding of the relations among the human microbiome, health and diseases, but generated a countless number of sequences that have not been assigned to a known microorganism(1). The pure culture of prokaryotes, neglected in recent decades, remains essential to elucidating the role of these organisms(2). We recently introduced microbial culturomics, a culturing approach that uses multiple culture conditions and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight and 16S rRNA for identification(2). Here, we have selected the best culture conditions to increase the number of studied samples and have applied new protocols (fresh-sample inoculation; detection of microcolonies and specific cultures of Proteobacteria and microaerophilic and halophilic prokaryotes) to address the weaknesses of the previous studies(3-5). We identified 1,057 prokaryotic species, thereby adding 531 species to the human gut repertoire: 146 bacteria known in humans but not in the gut, 187 bacteria and 1 archaea not previously isolated in humans, and 197 potentially new species. Genome sequencing was performed on the new species. By comparing the results of the metagenomic and culturomic analyses, we show that the use of culturomics allows the culture of organisms corresponding to sequences previously not assigned. Altogether, culturomics doubles the number of species isolated at least once from the human gut