Las TIC aplicadas a la traducción biomédica inglés-español: Propuesta de configuración de IntelliWebSearch

La aparición de Internet y la globalización de la sociedad han ocasionado una mayor difusión del conocimiento científico, lo que ha traído como consecuencia un aumento de la demanda de traductores especializados en este campo. Para facilitar su trabajo, las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) se han convertido en una herramienta fundamental para los traductores biomédicos gracias a sus numerosas ventajas. La parte teórica del presente trabajo se centrará en comparar las diferencias entre lengua general y lengua especializada y entre traducción general y traducción especializada, así como en analizar las características y dificultades a las que se enfrenta un traductor biomédico y, por último, se dedicará un apartado a las TIC y a su papel en la traducción. Por otro lado, en la parte práctica se propondrá una configuración de IntelliWebSearch adaptada a las necesidades profesionales de los traductores biomédicos.Grado en Traducción e Interpretació

Binary gender and experience of transsexual and transgender people

Varios autores señalan la necesidad de incorporar la voz y la experiencia de las personas trans en la investigación sobre transexualidad. En este trabajo, que se trata de un estudio exploratorio previo a una investigación más amplia, profundizamos en las narrativas biográficas de algunas personas trans a través de su discurso. En un segundo paso, ponemos en relación estas experiencias con los criterios diagnósticos DSM IV TR del Trastorno de la Identidad de Género, explorando las concordancias y disonancias de estas narrativas biográficas con las que se especifican en los requisitos diagnósticos, y realizando un análisis crítico de las conclusionesSeveral authors indicate the need to incorporate the voice and the experience of trans people in transsexuality research. In this work, which is an exploratory study before a wider research, we explore in more detail the biographical narratives of some trans people through their discourse. In a second step, we put in relation these experiences with the diagnostic criteria in the DSM IV TR for the Gender Identity Disorder, exploring the conformities and dissonances of these biographical narratives with those who are specified in the diagnostic requirements, writing a critical analysis of the conclusion

Uso de recursos digitales en organizaciones asociativas de salud

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar para las organizaciones asociativas prestadoras de servicios de salud de la ciudad de Mar del Plata el uso que disponen para los recursos de internet. En la actualidad, estas entidades conforman un nutrido grupo que integra el sistema sanitario argentino y las cuales tienen el compromiso de asumir un rol activo en la promoción de la salud como objetivo de la nueva Agenda para el Desarrollo. Este compromiso tiene en el acceso a la información y al conocimiento un vehículo de importancia radical para su cumplimiento, el cual se ve afectado por las estrategias informativas en que basan su vinculación con sus grupos de interés. El trabajo adopta una estrategia cuantitativa con una técnica de análisis de contenido sobre los website corporativos y recursos de internet que faciliten la comunicación entre las entidades y sus asociados a fin de determinar el uso que se realiza de dichos recursos. Los resultados exhiben un conjunto de entidades que mayoritariamente tiene presencia en la red y con una asimétrica adopción de herramientas que permiten la vinculación entre la entidad y sus usuarios, dejando la promoción de la salud asentada principalmente sobre prácticas informativas.Fil: Zanfrillo, Alicia Inés. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina.Fil: de Vega, Raúl Ernesto. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina.Fil: Louzao, Eleonora. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina.Fil: Gumy, Marina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina

Olive oil mill wastewater treatment and algal biomass production by combined process based on flocculation, UV light and Scenedesmus obliquus growth

Motivation:Olive mill industry uses different techniques to extract olive oil and the most common processes are traditional pressing (mainly employed by small producers) and centrifugation continuous processes which using 'Decanter' with two or three exits. The two-exits system is mainly used in Spain. Spain is the first producer of olive oil in the world with 1.40 millon tonnes in the 2015/2016 campaign (AICA, 2015) . Olive oil mill wastewater (OMW) generated has a huge organic load, phenolic compounds and long-chain fatty acids wich makes it phytotoxic and microbial inhibitor, becoming an important pollutant of both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems (Hachicha et al., 2009). Methods:OMW used was obtained from an olive oil extraction plant, which uses the centrifugation method with two-phase separation.Two differents experimental series were carried out with OMW. For the first one flocculated water was used and for the second one we used an UV lamp after flocculation. For both of them OMW was centrifuged, filtered and sterilized by through a membrane of 0.2-µm pore size. In the first experimental series, culture media were prepared by mixing OMW and ultrapure water for a 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% (v/v) OMW final concentration. Undiluted urban wastewater (UWW) was used for a third experiment just filtered and sterilized, as shown in Hodaifa et. al (2012). S. obliquus was inoculated into a batch photobioreactor. Conductivity, turbidity, COD, total phenolic compounds, TOC, TC, IC, TN, ammonium, chloride, phosphates, iron and others were determined after each pretreatment and at the end of each experiment. Microalgal growth during culture was calculated indirectly by measurement of the absorbance. Protein and lipid contents in biomass was measured at the end of the experiments. Results and Conclusions:Reductions in the concentrations of total phenols, COD, TOC and TN and the other chemical parameters have been found after the experiments. The variation of the maximum specific growth rate values with the initial concentration of OMW may indicate an inhibitory effect of wastewater, but the highest volumetric biomass productivity is reachid in 100% OMW (v/v). The protein concentration of the biomass increased over the course of the experiment

Trehalose polyphleates, external cell wall lipids in mycobacterium abscessus, are associated with the formation of clumps with cording morphology, which have been associated with virulence

Mycobacterium abscessus is a reemerging pathogen that causes pulmonary diseases similar to tuberculosis, which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. When grown in agar medium, M. abscessus strains generate rough (R) or smooth colonies (S). R morphotypes are more virulent than S morphotypes. In searching for the virulence factors responsible for this difference, R morphotypes have been found to form large aggregates (clumps) that, after being phagocytozed, result in macrophage death. Furthermore, the aggregates released to the extracellular space by damaged macrophages grow, forming unphagocytosable structures that resemble cords. In contrast, bacilli of the S morphotype, which do not form aggregates, do not damage macrophages after phagocytosis and do not form cords. Cording has also been related to the virulence of M. tuberculosis. In this species, the presence of mycolic acids and surface-exposed cell wall lipids has been correlated with the formation of cords. The objective of this work was to study the roles of the surface-exposed cell wall lipids and mycolic acids in the formation of cords in M. abscessus. A comparative study of the pattern and structure of mycolic acids was performed on R (cording) and S (non-cording) morphotypes derived from the same parent strains, and no differences were observed between morphotypes. Furthermore, cords formed by R morphotypes were disrupted with petroleum ether (PE), and the extracted lipids were analyzed by thin layer chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Substantial amounts of trehalose polyphleates (TPP) were recovered as major lipids from PE extracts, and images obtained by transmission electron microscopy suggested that these lipids are localized to the external surfaces of cords and R bacilli. The structure of M. abscessus TPP was revealed to be similar to those previously described in Mycobacterium smegmatis. Although the exact role of TPP is unknown, our results demonstrated that TPP are not toxic by themselves and have a function in the formation of clumps and cords in M. abscessus, thus playing an important role in the pathogenesis of this species

Boron-doped diamond growth on carbon fibre: Enhancing the electrical conductivity

Carbon fibre reinforced polymers (CRFP) are extensively used in many industrial applications thanks to its mechanical properties and its low weight. Nevertheless, the orthotropic character of CRFP highly reduces its applications. The transversal electrical conductivity in CRFP is two orders poorer than in the longitudinal direction. To improve their electrical properties, this work proposes the use of polycrystalline boron doped diamond (BDD) as coating of the carbon fibres (CF). BDD coating is deposited on CF surface using microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) system. The BDD coating forms a rigid conductive coating around the CF as a core–shell structure. Here, an electrical characterization of both, 12,000 filaments (a tow) and a single coated filament, are carried out in the longitudinal and cross-section directions. Macro, micro and local analysis using the Kelvin method, Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy (C-AFM), and Scanning Microwave Impedance Microscopy (sMIM), were carried out to evidence the improvement of the electrical properties. Macro measurement reveals that the BDD coating decreases to half the resistivity of the CF. The BDD coating raises the local electrical conductivity of the CF by an order of magnitude with respect to the uncoated ones. sMIM maps identified BDD locations in ring-like configurations. © 2023 The Author

Mycobacteria clumping increase their capacity to damage macrophages

The rough morphotypes of non-tuberculous mycobacteria have been associated with the most severe illnesses in humans. This idea is consistent with the fact that Mycobacterium tuberculosis presents a stable rough morphotype. Unlike smooth morphotypes, the bacilli of rough morphotypes grow close together, leaving no spaces among them and forming large aggregates (clumps). Currently, the initial interaction of macrophages with clumps remains unclear. Thus, we infected J774 macrophages with bacterial suspensions of rough morphotypes of M. abscessus containing clumps and suspensions of smooth morphotypes, primarily containing isolated bacilli. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy and electron microscopy, we observed clumps of at least five rough-morphotype bacilli inside the phagocytic vesicles of macrophages at 3 h post-infection. These clumps grew within the phagocytic vesicles, killing 100% of the macrophages at 72 h post-infection, whereas the proliferation of macrophages infected with smooth morphotypes remained unaltered at 96 h post-infection. Thus, macrophages phagocytose large clumps, exceeding the bactericidal capacities of these cells. Furthermore, proinflammatory cytokines and granuloma-like structures were only produced by macrophages infected with rough morphotypes. Thus, the present study provides a foundation for further studies that consider mycobacterial clumps as virulence factors

La inhibición de LpxC reduce la resistencia intrínseca de A. baumannii a diferentes clases de antibióticos

Motivación: Acinetobacter baumannii es una bacteria Gram-negativa oportunista que ha emergido como una de las bacterias patógenas nosocomiales altamente resistente más comunes alrededor de todo el mundo. Se asocia con una serie de infecciones nosocomiales incluyendo bacteremia, pneumonía, meningitis e infecciones del tracto urinario. La mayoría de estas infecciones son causadas por cepas con alta resistencia a antibióticos usados en las unidades de cuidados intensivos, donde son un problema común. El tratamiento de estas infecciones es obstaculizado por el aumento de cepas de A. baumannii que son resistentes a casi todos los antibióticos disponibles. La monocapa exterior de la membrana externa de las bacterias Gram negativas está formada por un componente denominado lípido A, también llamado endotoxina, que forma parte del LPS, un lipopolisacárido que se encuentra insertado en la pared celular de bacterias Gram negativas. El LPS es pirogénico, responsable de la fiebre, y también causa shock endotóxico. Las enzimas que intervienen en la ruta de biosíntesis del lípido A se han propuesto como nuevas dianas de fármacos y terapias para el tratamiento de la infección. Nuestro trabajo presenta una alternativa a los antibióticos convencionales para tratar cepas multirresistentes consistente en una inhibición enzimática de la biosíntesis de la endotoxina mediante la inhibición de LpxC, una enzima cuya inhibición afectaría a la biosíntesis del lípido A, que protege a la bacteria del ataque de antibióticos.Métodos: Empleamos cepas clínicas de A. baumannii, así como mutantes de lpxA resistentes a colistina, y cepas complementadas con y sin el gen insertado. Medida de toxicidad del LPS, después del tratamiento con inhibidor usando un ensayo LAL. Medida de LPS, específicamente diferencias en el lípido A, mediante un kit. La resistencia a diferentes antibióticos se caracterizó mediante CMI.Resultados: Tras el tratamiento con el inhibidor obtenemos una disminución en la toxicidad del LPS, así como una disminución de lípido A. Además, se observa un aumento en la resistencia a diferentes antibióticos, como la vancomicina, rifampicina y azitromicina.Conclusiones: La inhibición de genes de la biosíntesis de LPS en Acinetobacter baumannii resulta no sólo en una reducción de los niveles de toxicidad de LPS, sino también en una disminución de LPS al tratar con inhibidor de LpxC. Esta disminución de LPS reduce la resistecia de A. baumannii a diferentes clases de antibióticos.

Low temperature growth of nanocrystalline diamond: Insight thermal property

One of the limitations of materials for high-power devices and structural coatings applications is heat dissipation. Diamond is a suitable material for heat distribution due to its high thermal conductivity. Nevertheless, it is usually grown at high temperature (800–1200 ◦C), which limits its use as a coating for substrates vulnerable to degradation at high temperatures. In this work, it is studied the effect of the distance between the plasma source and substrate on the growth of nanocrystalline diamond layers on silicon substrates at low temperature (<450 ◦C) by microwave linear antenna plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (MW-LA-PECVD) in pulse mode. The nanocrystalline diamond films have been analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Raman spectroscopy. Finally, the superficial thermal conductivity of the diamond layers was determined by scanning thermal microscopy-AFM (SThM-AFM).6 página