473 research outputs found
The gas phase cyclization of deprotonated N-aryl-2-cyano-2-diazoacetamides
The document attached has been archived with permission from the publisher.1-Aryl-4-cyano-5-hydroxy-1,2,3-triazoles can be obtained in solution by base-catalysed cyclization of N-aryl-2-cyano-2-diazoacetamides. A similar reaction was shown to take place under conditions of negative ion chemical ionization in the ion source of a mass spectrometer. High resolution mass spectrometry, tandem mass spectrometry, charge reversal spectra, synthesis of the ions with known structures and quantum chemical calculations were used to prove the latter statement. The fact of the observed cyclization demonstrates once again the ability of mass spectrometry to study the gas phase chemical reactions that take place in solution.Vladislav V. Lobodin, Yuriy Yu. Morzherin, Tom Blumenthal, Daniel Bilusich, Vladimir V. Ovcharenko, John H. Bowie, and Albert T. Lebede
Synthesis of nitroxyl radical by direct nucleophilic functionalization of a C-H bond in the azadiene systems
Cyclic dinitrones underwent nucleophilic substitution of the hydrogen atom in the reaction with a paramagnetic carbanion, the lithium derivative of 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-oxyl 3-oxide, to give polyfunctional nitronyl nitroxyls. Β© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York
ΠΠ€Π€ΠΠΠ’ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠΠ― 1,5-ΠΠΠ‘(3,5-ΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ-1-ΠΠ)-3-ΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ-ΠΠΠΠ¦ΠΠ’ΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠΠ©ΠΠ Π‘ΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠ―ΠΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ Π«Π‘ Π Π£Π‘ΠΠΠΠΠ―Π₯ ΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ’Π
ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΠΌ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠ½Π°Ρ, Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅, ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ. ΠΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π²Π·ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΎΠ² Π±Π΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ±ΡΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ 1,5-Π±ΠΈΡ(3,5-Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»-1-ΠΈΠ»)-3-ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π½-Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΆΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ (Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π° 12 ΠΌΠ³ / ΠΊΠ³ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π°). Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π² ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ, ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ·Ρ Π² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π° Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. ΠΠ½ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ Π² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ. Π’ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π°Π»Π°Π½ΠΈΠ½ Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΈ Π°ΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·Ρ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ Π°Π»ΡΠ±ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π° Π² ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 6 Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ
ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅Π»Ρ, ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ
Electrochemical synthesis of nickel-based composite coatings and foil reinforced with nanosized aluminum oxide is reported. Ni-AlβOβ composites with different content of the modifying phase were prepared by chemical dispersion of aluminum oxide using the βfrom above downβ principle. The influence of the aluminum oxide concentration in the electrolyte on the physicomechanical properties of the reinforced foil was determined. Incorporation of reinforcing phase particles into the metal matrix leads to a decrease in the grain size and enhances by a factor of 2β6 the strength characteristics of the coatings and foil. The topography of the surface and the cross section profile of the composites were examined, and the influence of these characteristics on the properties of the materials was determined.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ³ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅Π»Ρ, Π°ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² Ni-AlβOβ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Ρ Π²Π½ΠΈΠ·. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° Π°ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ³. ΠΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π°ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π·Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π² 2-6 ΡΠ°Π· ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ³. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡ
Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ²
Observation and Control of Laser-Enabled Auger Decay
Single photon laser enabled Auger decay (spLEAD) has been redicted
theoretically [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 083004 (2013)] and here we report its
first experimental observation in neon. Using coherent, bichromatic
free-electron laser pulses, we have detected the process and coherently
controlled the angular distribution of the emitted electrons by varying the
phase difference between the two laser fields. Since spLEAD is highly sensitive
to electron correlation, this is a promising method for probing both
correlation and ultrafast hole migration in more complex systems.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Phase field modelling voids nucleation and growth in binary systems
We present a comprehensive study of voids formation, nucleation and growth in
a prototype model of binary alloys subjected to irradiation by using a combined
approach based on phase field and rate theories. It is shown that voids
formation is caused by interaction of irradiation-produced vacancies through
elastic deformation of a lattice and vacancy coupling with composition field of
the alloy. Phase diagrams illustrating the formation of states related to solid
solution, phase decomposition, and patterning are obtained. Formation of voids
from supersaturated ensemble of vacancies is accompanied by composition
rearrangement of alloy components. It was found that elastic inhomogeneity
leading to the formation of anisotropic precipitates in an initially prepared
binary alloy results in the formation of a void super-lattice under
irradiation. It was shown that voids nucleate and grow with dose according to
diffusion controlled precipitation processes, where universal dynamics of voids
growth is revealed. Estimations of main quantitative and statistical
characteristics of voids by using material parameters relevant to most of
alloys and steels give good agreement with experimental observations.Comment: 21 pages, 10 figure
Morphometric and histochemical characteristics of the cribriform type of intraductal carcinoma of the mammary gland
Introduction: Due to the increasing morbidity and mortality rates from breast cancer, the problem of early, especially morphological diagnosis, continues to be important.
The aim of this study to investigate the karyometric and histochemical features of cribriform pattern of parenchyma of intraductal carcinoma of the mammary gland.
Materials and methods: Operational and biopsy material was studied in form of serial sections of micropreparations of cribriform type intraductal carcinoma of the mammary
gland. Fixation with 10% neutral formalin, paraffin sections are stained with hematoxylin and eosin, complex Bergman + Periodic Acid - Schiff (PAS) reaction + alcyan blue.
Cariometry was performed on 100 parenchymal tumor cell, tenth logarithms of the nucleus volume (LgV) were determined, kariocavirogram was constructed.
Results: The atypical cellular polymorphism of the tumor, cribriform structures with cancerous cells in the state of apoptosis was revealed. The modal nuclear classes are defined in the interval LgV 0,75; 0,9; 1,2; 1,45, and do not comply with the law of rhythmic growth of nuclei in normal and confirm the cellular atypism of a cancerous tumor. Results are deprived of subjectivity through mathematical analysis of data in percentages (%). Histochemically, in the cytoplasm of cancer cells, precursors of lipids were detected in the form of a Schiff (PAS) positive reaction; alcyan-positive basal membrane of the duct; Bergman-positive protein structures in the nuclei. Conclusions: Cariometry and histochemical analysis of intraductal carcinoma of the mammary gland is an objective and accessible complex method for the analysis of atypical cells, reveals the degree of differentiation, apoptosis of cells and non-invasive stage of cancer
Basics of general histology and cytology : study guide for foreign students
Methodical development is based on the biology program for foreign students studying at the preparatory departments of universities of medical and biological profile.The materials studied are divided in to eighteen classes. Materials for each lesson include: a dictionary of new terms needed to study the topic; lexico-grammatical structures, the activation of which eliminates the difficulty involved inperception of educational material; teaching text adapted in accordance with the language back-ground of students at this stage of study; materials for reviewing and self-control of knowledge. New lexical units are presented in a lesson-based dictionary, not in alphabetical order, but as they are used in the class text. Methodical development contains drawings, diagrams, tables that help students with the learningof a new topic in the preparation of their own statements on the material studied.This methodical development does not include materials for laboratory and examinations, as they are offered to students in a separate collection
Biology. Introductory course : study guide for foreign students
This manual isintended to students, who are prepared for medical universities. It contains adapted texts, exercises and tasks. The manual presents the basic biological terms, concepts that are necessary for mastering special biological disciplines. It is advisable to work with this manual when students are already familiar with the basics of the grammar of the Russian language and elementary scientific terminology. Each lesson can be divided into a pretext and text part: the text is preceded by the work on the introduction and assimilation of new words, phrases and actual constructions for the theme.All scientific texts (especiallyNo1-7) are maximally adapted in accordance with the curriculum and Russian languagecourse.Some exercises suggest the development of elementary writing skills by students. The material of the manual is presented in brief form and contains the basics of medical knowledge necessary for further study of biological disciplines by students of medical universities
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