409 research outputs found
The sick right ventricle in endurance athletes: What is the contribution of the pulmonary vascular bed?
Behavioral Health Risk Factors and Motivation to Change among Cardiovascular General Hospital Patients Aged 50 to 79 Years
Little is known about the (co-)occurrence of smoking, alcohol at-risk drinking, physical inactivity and overweight, and the motivation to change these behavioral health risk factors (HRFs) in older general hospital patients with cardiovascular disease. Between October and December 2016, all consecutively admitted patients aged 50 to 79 years were proactively recruited on 3 cardiology wards and asked to participate in a survey on HRFs and behavior change motivation. Of the eligible patients, 80.4% participated in the survey (n = 328). The mean age was 66.5 years (standard deviation 9.0), and 65.5% were male. At least 1 HRF was present in 91.8% (n = 280), at least 2 HRFs in 54.4% (n = 166), and 3 or 4 HRFs in 12.1% (n = 37) of participants. The proportion of older adults who contemplated or were changing or planning to change their behavior to meet health behavior recommendations ranged between 66.0% (smoking) and 93.2% (alcohol consumption). The results indicate a notable co-occurrence of behavioral HRFs in older patients with cardiovascular disease. The majority of older adults were at least considering changing the respective behavior. To prevent and treat diseases efficiently, hospitalization may be a suitable moment for systematic multiple HRF screening and intervention.Peer Reviewe
Low Serum Testosterone Is Associated with Increased Mortality in Men with Stage 3 or Greater Nephropathy
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and low serum total testosterone (TT) concentrations are independent predictors of mortality risk in the general population, but their combined potential for improved mortality risk stratification is unknown. Methods: We used data of 1,822 men from the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania followed- up for 9.9 years (median). The direct effects of kidney dysfunction (estimated glomerular filtration rate 2), albuminuria (urinary albumin-creatinine ratio â§2.5 mg/mmol) and their combination (CKD) on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality were analyzed using multivariable Cox regression models. Serum TT concentrations below the age-specific 10th percentile (by decades) were considered low and were used for further risk stratification. Results: Kidney dysfunction (hazard ratio, HR, 1.40; 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.02â1.92), albuminuria (HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.06â1.79), and CKD (HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.09â1.84) were associated with increased all-cause mortality risk, while only kidney dysfunction (HR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.21â3.34) was associated with increased cardiovascular mortality risk after multivariable adjustment. Men with kidney dysfunction and low TT concentrations were identified as high-risk individuals showing a more than 2-fold increased all-cause mortality risk (HR, 2.52; 95% CI, 1.08â5.85). Added to multivariable models, nonsignificant interaction terms suggest that kidney dysfunction and low TT are primarily additive rather than synergistic mortality risk factors. Conclusion: In the case of early loss of kidney function, measured TT concentrations might help to detect high-risk individuals for potential therapeutic interventions and to improve mortality risk assessment and outcome
Serum Thyrotropin Concentrations Are Not Associated with the Ankle-Brachial Index: Results from Three Population-Based Studies
Background: There is only limited data on the potential association between thyroid dysfunction and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate the potential association of thyroid function, as defined by serum concentrations of the clinically used primary thyroid function marker thyrotropin [i.e. thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)] and 3,5-diiodothyronine (3,5-T2), with the ankle-brachial index (ABI) as a marker of PAD. Methods: We used data from 5,818 individuals from three cross-sectional population-based studies conducted in Northeast (SHIP-2 and SHIP-TREND) and Central Germany (CARLA). Measurement of serum TSH concentrations was conducted in one central laboratory for all three studies. In a randomly selected subpopulation of 750 individuals of SHIP-TREND, serum 3,5-T2 concentrations were measured with a recently developed immunoassay. ABI was measured either by a hand-held Doppler ultrasound using the Huntleigh Dopplex D900 or palpatorily by the OMRON HEM-705CP device. Results: Serum TSH concentrations were not significantly associated with ABI values in any of the three studies. Likewise, groups of individuals with a TSH 2 concentrations did not reveal consistent significant associations with the ABI. No sex-specific associations were detected. Conclusions: The results of our study do not substantiate evidence for an association between thyroid function and PAD, but further studies are needed to investigate the associations of overt forms of thyroid dysfunction with PAD
Towards a personalised approach in exercise-based cardiovascular rehabilitation: How can translational research help?: A âcall to actionâ from the Section on Secondary Prevention and Cardiac Rehabilitation of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology
The benefit of regular physical activity and exercise training for the prevention of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases is undisputed. Many molecular mechanisms mediating exercise effects have been deciphered. Personalised exercise prescription can help patients in achieving their individual greatest benefit from an exercise-based cardiovascular rehabilitation programme. Yet, we still struggle to provide truly personalised exercise prescriptions to our patients. In this position paper, we address novel basic and translational research concepts that can help us understand the principles underlying the inter-individual differences in the response to exercise, and identify early on who would most likely benefit from which exercise intervention. This includes hereditary, non-hereditary and sex-specific concepts. Recent insights have helped us to take on a more holistic view, integrating exercise-mediated molecular mechanisms with those influenced by metabolism and immunity. Unfortunately, while the outline is recognisable, many details are still lacking to turn the understanding of a concept into a roadmap ready to be used in clinical routine. This position paper therefore also investigates perspectives on how the advent of âbig dataâ and the use of animal models could help unravel interindividual responses to exercise parameters and thus influence hypothesis-building for translational research in exercisebased cardiovascular rehabilitation
Reference values of vessel diameters, stenosis prevalence, and arterial variations of the lower limb arteries in a male population sample using contrast-enhanced MR angiography
Introduction Morphological characterization of leg arteries is of significant importance to detect vascular remodeling triggered by atherosclerotic changes. We determined reference values of vessel diameters and assessed prevalence of stenosis and arterial variations of the lower limb arteries in a healthy male population sample. Methods Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography at 1.5 Tesla was performed in 756 male participants ( median age = 52 years, range = 21 +/- 82 years) of the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania. Vessel diameters were measured in 9 predefined segments of the pelvic and leg arteries and 95th percentiles were used for upper reference values of means of left and right side arteries. Results Reference values of vascular diameters decreased from proximal to distal arteries: common iliac = 1.18cm;internal iliac = 0.75cm;external iliac = 1.03cm;proximal femoral = 1.02cm;distal femoral = 0.77cm;popliteal = 0.69cm;anterior tibial = 0.42cm;posterior tibial = 0.38cm;fibular = 0.40cm. Body-surface area indexed reference values increased with age in all segments. A number of 53 subjects (7.0%) had at least one stenosis, mainly in the lower leg arteries anterior tibial (n = 28, 3.7%), posterior tibial (n = 18, 2.4%) and fibular (n = 20, 2.6%). The risk of stenosis increased considerably with age (odds ratio = 1.08;p<0.001). The most common arterial variant was type I-A in both legs (n = 620, 82%)
Correlates of Adverse Outcomes in Abdominally Obese Individuals: Findings from the Five-Year Followup of the Population-Based Study of Health in Pomerania
Background. Abdominal obesity is a major risk factor of
cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and premature death. However, it has
not been resolved which factors predispose for the development of these adverse obesity-related
outcomes in otherwise healthy individuals with abdominal obesity. Methods. We studied
1,506 abdominal obese individuals (waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) â„ 0.5) free of CVD or T2DM from the population-based Study of Health in
Pomerania and assessed the incidence of CVD or T2DM after a five-year followup. Logistic
regression models were adjusted for major cardiovascular risk factors and liver, kidney diseases,
and sociodemographic status. Results. During follow-up time, we observed 114 and 136 new T2DM and CVD cases, respectively.
Regression models identified age, waist circumference, serum glucose, and liver disease as predictors of T2DM.
Regarding CVD, only age,
unemployment, and a divorced or widowed marital status were
significantly associated with incident CVD. In this subgroup of obese individuals blood pressure,
serum glucose, or lipids did not influence incidence of T2DM or CVD. Conclusion.
We identified various factors associated with an increased risk of incident T2DM and CVD among
abdominally obese individuals. These findings may improve the detection of high-risk individuals and
help to advance prevention strategies in abdominal obesity
Do patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes really have an impaired endothelial function? A population-based propensity score matching analysis
Immunoadsorption for Treatment of Patients with Suspected Alzheimer Dementia and Agonistic Autoantibodies against Alpha1a-AdrenoceptorâRationale and Design of the IMAD Pilot Study
Background: agonistic autoantibodies (agAABs) against G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) have been linked to cardiovascular disease. In dementia patients, GPCR-agAABs against the α1- and ß2-adrenoceptors (α1AR- and ß2AR) were found at a prevalence of 50%. Elimination of agAABs by immunoadsorption (IA) was successfully applied in cardiovascular disease. The IMAD trial (Efficacy of immunoadsorption for treatment of persons with Alzheimer dementia and agonistic autoantibodies against alpha1A-adrenoceptor) investigates whether the removal of α1AR-AABs by a 5-day IA procedure has a positive effect (improvement or non-deterioration) on changes of hemodynamic, cognitive, vascular and metabolic parameters in patients with suspected Alzheimer’s clinical syndrome within a one-year follow-up period. Methods: the IMAD trial is designed as an exploratory monocentric interventional trial corresponding to a proof-of-concept phase-IIa study. If cognition capacity of eligible patients scores 19–26 in the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), patients are tested for the presence of agAABs by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based method, followed by a bioassay-based confirmation test, further screening and treatment with IA and intravenous immunoglobulin G (IgG) replacement. We aim to include 15 patients with IA/IgG and to complete follow-up data from at least 12 patients. The primary outcome parameter of the study is uncorrected mean cerebral perfusion measured in mL/min/100 gr of brain tissue determined by magnetic resonance imaging with arterial spin labeling after 12 months. Conclusion: IMAD is an important pilot study that will analyze whether the removal of α1AR-agAABs by immunoadsorption in α1AR-agAAB-positive patients with suspected Alzheimer’s clinical syndrome may slow the progression of dementia and/or may improve vascular functional parameters
Low-Circulating Homoarginine is Associated with Dilatation and Decreased Function of the Left Ventricle in the General Population
Low homoarginine is an independent marker of mortality in heart failure patients and incident cardiovascular events. Whether homoarginine is related with healthier cardiac structure and function is currently unclear. We used data of the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-Trend) to assess this relation. Homoarginine was measured in serum using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Linear regression models assessed the relation between homoarginine and several structural as well as functional parameters and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP). All models were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and renal function. A total of 3113 subjects (median age 48 (25th percentile 37 to 75th percentile 60) years, 46% male) were included. A standard deviation decrease in homoarginine was associated with a larger left ventricular diastolic diameter (0.3;95%-confidence interval (CI): 0.2 to 0.5 mm;p < 0.001), left ventricular systolic diameter (0.38;95%-CI: -0.22 to 0.54 mm;p < 0.001) as well as a less relative wall thickness (-0.003 95%-CI: -0.006 to -0.0008;p = 0.01), left ventricular ejection fraction (-0.47;95%-CI: -0.79 to -0.15%;p < 0.01) and fractional shortening (-0.35;95%-CI: -0.62 to 0.07%;p = 0.01). Low homoarginine was also related to higher NTproBNP (-0.02 95%-CI: -0.034 to -0.009 log pg/mL;p < 0.01). Lower serum homoarginine is associated with dilatation of the heart and decreased function. Prospective clinical studies should assess if homoarginine supplementation improves cardiac health in subjects with low serum concentrations
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