Impactos do tabagismo na qualidade de vida dos estudantes de medicina, uma revisão integrativa

Introdução: ao ingressar na universidade, ainda que acarrete sentimentos positivos relacionados aos sonhos e metas dos acadêmicos, às vezes pode se tornar um período difícil, que deixa os discentes vulneráveis para iniciar e/ou manter o uso de drogas psicotrópicas, a despeito do uso de tabaco. Entre os jovens acadêmicos da área da saúde, esse quadro torna-se mais grave devido ao contato emocional próximo a pessoas diferentes e com suas dores particulares. Além, de que o início de uma graduação acarreta um impacto sobre os aspectos psicológicos do indivíduo, por ser algo novo, estressante e cheio de expectativas criadas pelo próprio aluno ou pelos seus familiares. No grupo dos discentes da graduação de medicina, mais especificamente, é grande a coerção para ser um bom profissional diante a sociedade, amigos e familiares fator que contribuiu como desencadeador estressante para tendência ao tabagismo. Objetivo: verificar o tabagismo e afins na população de estudantes, mais restritamente nos discentes da graduação de medicina. Materiais e métodos: o presente estudo trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, na qual utilizou-se o método PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis), que consiste nas recomendações QUORUM (Quality of Reporting of Meta-Analyses), no qual optou-se por incluir  estudos em português e limitar a busca temporalmente em 2020 a 2023. As bases de pesquisa foram Pubmed, Scielo e Google Scholar, com busca a partir dos descritores controlados e não-controlados do Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS) e operador boleano “and”. Resultados: encontrou-se um total de 1.300 publicações dispostas da seguinte forma: 185 estudos na plataforma Scielo, 902 artigos no Scholar Google e 226 artigos na Pubmed. O número de estudos incluídos que respondiam a pergunta norteadora do estudo (n=16), destes observou-se maior prevalência do tabagismo no gênero masculino, com maior tendência nos períodos inicais e quedo do uso no ciclo clínico. Em alguns estudos a maioria da amostra mostrava conhecimento sobre os malefícios do tabagismo, mas não se vislumbravam portadores de tais complicações. Conclusão: depreende-se diante dos estudos uma prevalência do tabagismo entre os acadêmicos de medicina de diversas instituições brasileiras. Sendo um fato extremamente preocupante, não só pelos danos que pode causar a sua saúde física e mental, mas também pelo prejuízo no desenvolvimento e na estruturação de habilidades cognitivo-comportamentais e emocionais destes enquanto futuros profissionais da saúde

Emergências hiperglicêmicas e seus impactos na sala de emergência: uma revisão de literatura / Hyperglycemic emergencies and their impacts in the emergency room: a literature review

Introdução: Hiperglicemia é uma causa muito comum nas emergências médicas, sendo uma alteração de descompensação do metabolismo. Os estados hiperglicêmicos agudos compreendem a cetoacidose diabética e o coma hiperosmolar hiperglicêmico não cetótico. Objetivo: Analisar as duas principais condições hiperglicêmicas, que representam um desafio para o clínico e o médico generalista em salas de emergências. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura que incluiu estudos, com dados de pacientes em situação de emergência hiperglicêmica, publicados entre 2010 e 2020, disponíveis na íntegra em inglês, em espanhol ou em português, na base de dados LILACS, SciELO, PubMed, com os termos: “Hiperglicemia”, “Emergência”, “Departamento/Sala de emergência”, “Crise hiperglicêmica” e “Impactos”. Atenderam aos critérios de inclusão 19 artigos, os quais, após a leitura na íntegra, tiveram as informações sintetizadas, agrupadas por semelhanças ao tema e analisadas de forma descritiva. Resultados e discussão:  Crises hiperglicêmicas podem ocorrer em pacientes portadores de diabetes mellitus tipo 1 ou tipo 2, assim, requer manejo rápido e tratamento da causa base, visando evitar a mortalidade.

PERCEPÇÃO DE SAÚDE DOS ACADÊMICOS DA UNOESC CHAPECÓ: UMA EXPERIÊNCIA DO COMPONENTE DE BIOESTATÍSTICA DO CURSO DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA

Os métodos estatísticos desempenham um papel crescente e importante em praticamente todas as fases da realização de uma pesquisa. Por isso, a importância de relatar a vivência dos acadêmicos do 5º período de Educação Física Bacharelado no componente de bioestatística. O objetivo foi de registrar os resultados dos dados coletados e as experiências dos acadêmicos. Desenvolveu-se um trabalho escrito contendo os objetivos, a metodologia, os resultados com tabelas e gráfico e a conclusão do trabalho, bem como, uma apresentação em Power Point®  para a socialização. Verificou-se que o método de aprendizagem por meio da teoria e da prática, foi eficiente para a aquisição de conhecimento dos acadêmicos sobre a bioestatística. &nbsp

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Les droits disciplinaires des fonctions publiques : « unification », « harmonisation » ou « distanciation ». A propos de la loi du 26 avril 2016 relative à la déontologie et aux droits et obligations des fonctionnaires

The production of tt‾ , W+bb‾ and W+cc‾ is studied in the forward region of proton–proton collisions collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.98±0.02 fb−1 . The W bosons are reconstructed in the decays W→ℓν , where ℓ denotes muon or electron, while the b and c quarks are reconstructed as jets. All measured cross-sections are in agreement with next-to-leading-order Standard Model predictions.The production of $t\overline{t}$, $W+b\overline{b}$ and $W+c\overline{c}$ is studied in the forward region of proton-proton collisions collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.98 $\pm$ 0.02 \mbox{fb}^{-1}. The $W$ bosons are reconstructed in the decays $W\rightarrow\ell\nu$, where $\ell$ denotes muon or electron, while the $b$ and $c$ quarks are reconstructed as jets. All measured cross-sections are in agreement with next-to-leading-order Standard Model predictions

Physics case for an LHCb Upgrade II - Opportunities in flavour physics, and beyond, in the HL-LHC era

The LHCb Upgrade II will fully exploit the flavour-physics opportunities of the HL-LHC, and study additional physics topics that take advantage of the forward acceptance of the LHCb spectrometer. The LHCb Upgrade I will begin operation in 2020. Consolidation will occur, and modest enhancements of the Upgrade I detector will be installed, in Long Shutdown 3 of the LHC (2025) and these are discussed here. The main Upgrade II detector will be installed in long shutdown 4 of the LHC (2030) and will build on the strengths of the current LHCb experiment and the Upgrade I. It will operate at a luminosity up to 2×1034 cm−2s−1, ten times that of the Upgrade I detector. New detector components will improve the intrinsic performance of the experiment in certain key areas. An Expression Of Interest proposing Upgrade II was submitted in February 2017. The physics case for the Upgrade II is presented here in more depth. CP-violating phases will be measured with precisions unattainable at any other envisaged facility. The experiment will probe b → sl+l−and b → dl+l− transitions in both muon and electron decays in modes not accessible at Upgrade I. Minimal flavour violation will be tested with a precision measurement of the ratio of B(B0 → μ+μ−)/B(Bs → μ+μ−). Probing charm CP violation at the 10−5 level may result in its long sought discovery. Major advances in hadron spectroscopy will be possible, which will be powerful probes of low energy QCD. Upgrade II potentially will have the highest sensitivity of all the LHC experiments on the Higgs to charm-quark couplings. Generically, the new physics mass scale probed, for fixed couplings, will almost double compared with the pre-HL-LHC era; this extended reach for flavour physics is similar to that which would be achieved by the HE-LHC proposal for the energy frontier

LHCb upgrade software and computing : technical design report

This document reports the Research and Development activities that are carried out in the software and computing domains in view of the upgrade of the LHCb experiment. The implementation of a full software trigger implies major changes in the core software framework, in the event data model, and in the reconstruction algorithms. The increase of the data volumes for both real and simulated datasets requires a corresponding scaling of the distributed computing infrastructure. An implementation plan in both domains is presented, together with a risk assessment analysis

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit