Dairy production in urban and periurban area of Extrême-Nord in Cameroon: milk yield and microbial contamination

Local dairy production plays a very important role in developing countries in order to promote the health status of the population. To determine the weight and the hygiene level of milk products, available in the market of the capital city of the Extrême-Nord region, a survey on the milk yield and microbial contamination was developed. Milk samples from 89 dairy farmers in the urban and periurban area of Maroua, divided in 11 groups, matching the Groupe d'Initiative Commune (groups of common interest - GICs), were analyzed for yield, pH value, temperature, density and microbial contamination. The belonging to the different groups of farmers had a statistical influence on milk quantity and density, according to the feed availability. As well the season had an influence on all the quality and quantity parameters. The time and season of delivery affected significantly the milk quality, instead no influence was attributed to the microbial contamination. The results of this survey showed an adequate qualitative level of the local milk production, which may be improved with a higher feeding system and with a better organisation of the delivery

Deep intrauterine insemination in sow: results of a field trial

RiassuntoTraditional insemination techniques in pigs depose a high number of spermatozoa (2 to 3x109 spermatozoa) in a large volume of liquid (80-100 ml) into the cervix channel. The dose can be reduced markedly deposing it directly into the uterine horn. Previous studies showed that fertility rate and litter size were not significantly different with 5 or 15x107 spermatozoa in 10 ml into the uterus. The goal of this study was to determine the on-farm application and the reproductive performance of the deep intrauterine insemination (Firflex® probe, MAGAPOR, Spain) in sows. Experiments were conducted under field conditions in 4 commercial pig farms in the North of Italy (September 2003 and March 2004). A total of 166 crossbred multiparous sows were randomly selected after weaning and assigned to one of the following groups: Group 1 – traditional insemination with 3x109 sperm./dose, two insemination per oestrus (n=94) and Group 2 – deep intrauterine insemination with 15x107 sperm./dose, one insemination pe..

Electronic identification in rabbits: two body sites of injectable transponder

AbstractIdentification and monitoring of farm animals are effective tools for traceability. Actual livestock identification systems (ear-tags, tattoos, etc.) are not completely efficient and offer some inconveniences. The use of injectable transponders might be a reliable method for individual identification, allowing the improvement of the data recording and the farm management. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the applicability of injectable transponder in live rabbits. A total of 40 fattening rabbits of 55 days old were injected with 23 mm passive FDX-B transponders (Datamars, Switzerland), preloaded into a needle in a sterilised packaged and applied by using a transponder injector (Planet ID, Germany). Two body locations for transponder's injection were studied: laterally to the neck (n=20) and armpit (n=20). Readings of the transponders were performed using portable ISO transceiver, before injection, after injection, the day after, after one week, after one month, before the slaughtering pr..

The occlusion tests and end-expiratory esophageal pressure : measurements and comparison in controlled and assisted ventilation

Background: Esophageal pressure is used as a reliable surrogate of the pleural pressure. It is conventionally measured by an esophageal balloon placed in the lower part of the esophagus. To validate the correct position of the balloon, a positive pressure occlusion test by compressing the thorax during an end-expiratory pause or a Baydur test obtained by occluding the airway during an inspiratory effort is used. An acceptable catheter position is defined when the ratio between the changes in esophageal and airway pressure ( 06Pes/ 06Paw) is close to unity. Sedation and paralysis could affect the accuracy of esophageal pressure measurements. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in mechanically ventilated patients, the effects of paralysis, two different esophageal balloon positions and two PEEP levels on the 06Pes/ 06Paw ratio measured by the positive pressure occlusion and the Baydur tests and on the end-expiratory esophageal pressure and respiratory mechanics (lung and chest wall). Methods: Twenty-one intubated and mechanically ventilated patients (mean age 64.8\ua0\ub1\ua014.0\ua0years, body mass index 24.2\ua0\ub1\ua04.3\ua0kg/m2, PaO2/FiO2 319.4\ua0\ub1\ua0117.3\ua0mmHg) were enrolled. In step 1, patients were sedated and paralyzed during volume-controlled ventilation, and in step 2, they were only sedated during pressure support ventilation. In each step, two esophageal balloon positions (middle and low, between 25\u201330\ua0cm and 40\u201345\ua0cm from the mouth) and two levels of PEEP (0 and 10\ua0cmH2O) were applied. The 06Pes/ 06Paw ratio and end-expiratory esophageal pressure were evaluated. Results: The 06Pes/ 06Paw ratio was slightly higher (+0.11) with positive occlusion test compared with Baydur\u2019s test. The level of PEEP and the esophageal balloon position did not affect this ratio. The 06Pes and 06Paw were significantly related to a correlation coefficient of r\ua0=\ua00.984 during the Baydur test and r\ua0=\ua00.909 in the positive occlusion test. End-expiratory esophageal pressure was significantly higher in sedated and paralyzed patients compared with sedated patients (+2.47\ua0cmH2O) and when esophageal balloon was positioned in the low position (+2.26\ua0cmH2O). The esophageal balloon position slightly influenced the lung elastance, while the PEEP reduced the chest wall elastance without affecting the lung and total respiratory system elastance. Conclusions: Paralysis and balloon position did not clinically affect the measurement of the 06Pes/ 06Paw ratio, while they significantly increased the end-expiratory esophageal pressure

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac

Nurses' perceptions of aids and obstacles to the provision of optimal end of life care in ICU

Contains fulltext : 172380.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

EFFECT OF CHANGE OF CAGE 2 DAYS BEFORE ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION ON REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF RABBIT DOES

[EN] During 6 months, 1552 artificial inseminations (Al) were carried out to compare three different techniques to induce oestrous in rabbit females. The first method consisted of transferring the female and its litter if any to another cage 2 days before Al (biostimulated group), the other two were based on hormonal treatments: does were either treated with 20 IU PMSG 72 hours before Al ora combination of 16 IU PMSG and 8 IU hCG (0.2 mi i.m.) injected 48 hours before Al. A control group of does was not treated. Results showed that the different treatments and the physiological status of females statistically influenced fertility and the number of born alive, but not the number of stillborn, mortality and weight of young 2 days post parturition. PMSG and the PMSG + hCG resulted in a significant (P<0.05) increased fertility rate compared to the control, in nulliparous and lactating nonnulliparous does respectively (76.9 vs 66.2% and 83.1 vs 61.8 %) Change of cage increased (P<0.05) fertility rate in pluriparous does (lactating and non lactating) compared to the control (75.8 vs 61.8% and 67.5 vs 53.6%). The results demonstrated that a fertility rate, comparable with hormonal induced oestrus could be obtained by a change of cage in pluriparous does. However, this bio-stimulatlon method is time consuming and difficult to manage in large rabbit farms.[FR] Afín de comparar 3 techniques différentes d'induction de l'oestrus chez la lapine, 1552 inséminations artificielles ont été effectuées pendant 6 moís. La premiare méthode consiste a transférer la lapine dans une autre cage deux jours avant l'insémination artificielle (groupe biostimulé), les deux autres comportent des traitements hormonaux: les lapines ont re~u soit 20 U./. de PMSG 72 heures avant /'/.A., soit une combinaison de 16 U./. de PMSG plus 8 U./. d'hCG (0,2 mi i.m.) en injection 48 heures avant /'/.A.. Les lapines du groupe témoin n'ont r~u aucun traitement. Les résultats montrent que les différents traitements et le statut physiologique des feme/les influencent signíficatlvement la fertflité et le nombre de lapereaux nés vivants mais pas le nombre de lapereaux mort-nés, ni la mortalité, ni le poids des lapereaux a l'age de 2 jours. Compsrés au groupe témoin, les traitements PMSG et PMSG + hCG augmentent significativement (P<0.05) le taux de fertflité des nullipares et des multipares allaitantes (76,9 vs 66,2% et 83, 1 et 61,8 % respectivement). Comparé su groupe témoin, le changement de cage augmentes le taux de fertilité (P<0.05) des lapines plurlpares allaitantes et non allaitantes (75,8 vs 61,8 et 67,5 vs 63,6 % respectivement). Les résultats montrent qu'un taux de fertilité comparable a celui obtenu par induction hormona/e de l'oestrus peut etre obtenu par un changement de cage des lapines pluripares. Cependant la méthode par bio-stimulation nécessite plus de temps et est plus dífficile a mettre en oeuvre dans les grandes unités de production.Luzi, F.; Crimella, C. (1998). EFFECT OF CHANGE OF CAGE 2 DAYS BEFORE ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION ON REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF RABBIT DOES. World Rabbit Science. 06(1). doi:10.4995/wrs.1998.342SWORD06