Forest vintages and carbon sequestration

In the current paper we examine the role of forest carbon sequestration benefits in optimal forest management. When carbon benefits are considered not only the forested area is relevant, but also the flow of carbon between land and the atmosphere through the carbon cycle. To account for all these impacts a multi-vintage forest setting is used, following Salo and Tahvonen (2004). The model is extended to three different carbon accounting methods to measure the benefits form carbon sequestration: carbon flow regime, tonne-year crediting and average storage. In the case of the carbon flow regime, the impact on the optimal management and allocation of land will depend upon the amount of carbon released when the forest is harvested. Under the other two accounting systems optimal steady state forest area will be increased, and in cases where optimal management imply cyclical harvesting, considering carbon benefits will always increase cycles dimension.

The Hyperbolic Forest Owner

This paper examines the implications of quasi-hyperbolic inter-temporal preferences to the Faustman model. The use of decreasing discount rates leads to dynamically inconsistent behavior. To solve this problem a two-stages optimization decision model is developed. The resulting actual cutting time will be anticipated compared to the Faustman optimal cutting time. If, alternatively, the equivalent constant rate of discount is the empirically observed discount rate, then the optimal cutting time is the same, but the present value of profits for the hyperbolic forest owner is always higher than the one resulting from the equivalent constant discount rate. All these results apply to both the single and the multiple rotation problems.Hyperbolic discounting; time preference; dynamic inconsistency; Faustman model; optimal rotation

Continuous versus Discrete Time Forest Management Models with Carbon Sequestration Benefits

Forest literature uses both continous and discrete time models to study forest management problems, and when carbon sequestration benefits are considered, the results obtained in both approaches are not always equivalent. This issue is relevant from a policy point of view if credits are to be allocated to forest owners within the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol. This note explores the impact of different carbon sequestration accounting methods on both settings. It studies the specific conditions for optimal rotation period and the value of a marginal unit of bare land on a one stand model and compare them with the long run optimal stationary steady state of a forest vintage model.N/

Forest Vintages and Carbon Sequestration

In the current paper we examine the role of forest carbon sequestration benefits in optimal forest management. When carbon benefits are considered not only the forested area is relevant, but also the flow of carbon between land and the atmosphere through the carbon cycle. To account for all these impacts a multi-vintage forest setting is used, following Salo and Tahvonen (2004). The model is extended to three different carbon accounting methods to measure the benefits form carbon sequestration: carbon flow regime, tonne-year crediting and average storage. In the case of the carbon flow regime, the impact on the optimal management and allocation of land will depend upon the amount of carbon released when the forest is harvested. Under the other two accounting systems optimal steady state forest area will be increased, and in cases where optimal management imply cyclical harvesting, considering carbon benefits will always increase cycles dimension.N/

The Hyperbolic Forest Owner

This paper examines the implications of quasi-hyperbolic inter-temporal preferences to the Faustman model. The use of decreasing discount rates leads to dynamically inconsistent behavior. To solve this problem a two-stages optimization decision model is developed. The resulting actual cutting time will be anticipated compared to the Faustman optimal cutting time. If, alternatively, the equivalent constant rate of discount is the empirically observed discount rate, then the optimal cutting time is the same, but the present value of profits for the hyperbolic forest owner is always higher than the one resulting from the equivalent constant discount rate. All these results apply to both the single and the multiple rotation problems.N/

The Role of Forests as Carbon Sinks: Land-Use and Carbon Accounting

The use of forests as carbon sinks is examined by introducing carbon sequestration benefits’ accounting in a multi-vintage land allocation model. Following the IPCC, three carbon accounting methods are considered. We compare the results in each case with those without carbon sequestration, as well as the performances of the ton-year and the average methods (second-best) to the carbon flow (first-best) concerning optimal land allocation between forestry and alternative uses, total carbon sequestered, timber production and social welfare. A full proof of long-run optimality of steady state forest is provided. Numerical simulations are performed and results discussed illustrating the setup’s potential.Land Allocation Model, Forest Vintages, Carbon Sequestration, Carbon Accounting, Optimal Rotation, Transition/steady-state

Leaf mineral element content and soil characteristics on in vitro antioxidant and enzymatic inhibitory activities of aqueous fennel extracts

his study was conducted to evaluate the biochemical characterization of three harvested Foeniculum vulgare plants collected from two bioclimatic zones in order to investigate the soil growing conditions effect. The results showed a great variability of the phenolic amounts and biological properties of samples rely on localities. FvSEN contained the highest amounts of phenolic compounds. These amounts were accompanied by the greatest antioxidant ability through almost studied assays. FvSEN and FvZO were significantly different. In addition, the samples exhibited a significant and variable enzymatic inhibition activity with values ranging from 30 to 50 mu g/mL for lipoxygenase assay. But these extracts did not revealed significant differences on their tyrosinase abilities. On the other hand, the levels of mineral elements were also estimated. These contents varied depending on sample and locality. The growing soil conditions of samples in terms of different parameters is likely related to their antioxidant and enzyme inhibition potentialities added to their mineral composition which settled by Spearman's correlation. These data may confirm the interesting potential of F. vulgare as a valuable source for natural antioxidant molecules but the growing soil conditions can affect all the potentialities of these plants set for human consumption and other uses.UID/O/00350/2020, UIDB/05183/2020info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Lipossarcoma retroperitoneal: a importância do diagnóstico precoce e fatores prognósticos

Introdução: Sarcomas são tumores mesenquimais raros, sendo menos de 1% das neoplasias malignas. A localização retroperitoneal corresponde de 10 a 15% dos sarcomas, e, destes, 40 a 50% são lipossarcomas. Sua apresentação inicial é, em sua maioria, assintomática, mas, com o passar do tempo, assume grandes proporções em tamanho, podendo acarretar em quadros de urgência oncológica. O principal tratamento atualmente é a ressecção do tumor. Discussão: Os lipossarcomas são classificados histologicamente em bem diferenciado, pleomórfico, desdiferenciado e misto. Os tipos bem diferenciado e desdiferenciado são os mais comuns no retroperitônio e apresentam crescimento lento e altas taxas de recorrência. O bem diferenciado apresenta baixo potencial metastático, sendo o controle local o fator de maior impacto no prognóstico e mortalidade. O desdiferenciado pode ser primário ou secundário a um bem diferenciado, e apresenta taxa de metástase de 15 a 30%. Devido ao crescimento lento tumoral e à complacência retroperitoneal, os paciente permanecem assintomáticos por longos períodos, acarretando em grandes tumores ao diagnóstico, por exame de imagem e muitas vezes incidental. Distensão e dor abdominal são comuns; plenitude gástrica e edema de MMII são menos recorrentes. Conclusão: É consenso a importância detecção precoce dos casos e a urgente necessidade de tratamento destes, visto que a abordagem cirúrgica é a alternativa terapêutica com maior impacto na sobrevida dos pacientes. Já as terapias adicionais têm apresentado resultados variados, indicando a necessidade de mais estudos para estabelecer a sua eficácia e indicações

Resposta morfofisiológica de plantas do Cerrado à aplicação de biochar de torta de filtro

Some native species of the Cerrado have great ecological and economic potential. An alternative that aims to contribute to the good performance of post-planting plants is the incorporation of biochar into the soil. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of filter cake biochar as a soil conditioner and its influence on the growth and physiology of macaúba, araçá and cajuzinho do cerrado. The experiments were set up at Fazenda Hamilton de Abreu Navarro, Federal University of Minas Gerais, where the effect of four doses of filter cake biochar (1%, 2%, 4% and 8% v/v) and two treatments were evaluated. control: one with soil correction (7.5 g of GEOX) and mineral fertilization (380 g NPK 4:14:8 per plant) and the other without fertilization. To monitor the performance of the seedlings, evaluations were carried out at 30, 60 and 120 days after transplanting, the physiological parameters (photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance, CO2 consumed, internal carbon and electron transport rate), and morphological parameters (height and diameter), at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after transplanting. At 120 days, the production of shoot, root and total dry biomass was evaluated. For macaúba, the application of biochar, at a dose of 2%, favored its photosynthesis. As for araçá, at 30 days after transplanting, the treatment without fertilization was better for most variables, however the treatments with biochar also had satisfactory results. The cajuzinho from the cerrado also responded positively to the application of biochar at all doses. The physiological and morphological variables responded well to treatments without fertilization and with application of biochar to the soil. Therefore, filter cake biochar can be indicated in the planting of the studied species, as well as the non-application of corrective and mineral fertilizer.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do biochar de torta de filtro como condicionador de solo e sua influência no crescimento e na fisiologia de macaúba, araçá e cajuzinho do cerrado. Os experimentos foram montados na Fazenda Hamilton de Abreu Navarro da UFMG, onde foram avaliados o efeito de quatro doses de biochar de torta de filtro (1%, 2%, 4% e 8% v/v) e dois tratamentos controle:  um com correção do solo e adubação mineral, e o outro sem adubação. Para acompanhar o desempenho das mudas, foram realizadas avaliações aos 30, 60 e 120 dias após o transplantio, dos parâmetros fisiológicos (fotossíntese, transpiração, condutância estomática, CO2 consumido, carbono interno e taxa de transporte de elétrons), e morfológicos (altura e diâmetro), aos 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias após o transplantio. Aos 120 dias, avaliou-se a produção de biomassa seca da parte aérea, de raízes e total. Para a macaúba, a aplicação de biochar, na dose de 2%, favoreceu a sua fotossíntese. Já para o araçá, aos 30 dias após o transplantio, o tratamento sem adubação foi melhor para a maioria das variáveis, entretanto os tratamentos com biochar também tiveram resultados satisfatórios. O cajuzinho do cerrado também respondeu positivamente à aplicação de biochar em todas as doses. As variáveis fisiológicas e morfológicas responderam bem aos tratamentos sem adubação e com aplicação de biochar ao solo. Portanto, o biochar de torta de filtro pode ser indicado no plantio das espécies estudadas, assim como a não aplicação de corretivo e fertilizante mineral

Abordagens Cirúrgicas no Tratamento da Doença do Refluxo Gastroesofágico: Discutindo as últimas inovações e eficácia dos procedimentos cirúrgicos para tratar a DRGE.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a chronic condition that affects millions of people globally. This article reviews surgical approaches in the treatment of GERD, focusing on laparoscopic fundoplication, endoscopic sphincteroplasty, and endoscopic reflux surgery. Laparoscopic fundoplication, a traditional technique, demonstrates high efficacy and relatively quick recovery. Endoscopic sphincteroplasty, including devices like LINX, offers a promising minimally invasive alternative. Endoscopic reflux surgery is an innovative approach but requires more long-term research. The choice of surgical approach should be based on the severity of GERD, the patient's medical history, and personal preferences. Laparoscopic fundoplication is reliable, while minimally invasive approaches appeal to patients seeking faster recovery. Ongoing research is improving the surgical treatment of GERD, but selecting the ideal technique requires individualized evaluation and informed discussions between patients and healthcare professionals. Long-term clinical follow-up is essential to monitor outcomes and complications. This article highlights the complexity of GERD surgical treatment and the continually evolving options. Careful selection and collaboration between patients and physicians are crucial to achieving the best possible outcome in managing this debilitating condition.A Doença do Refluxo Gastroesofágico (DRGE) é uma condição crônica que afeta milhões de pessoas globalmente. Este artigo revisa as abordagens cirúrgicas no tratamento da DRGE, com foco na fundoplicatura laparoscópica, esfincteroplastia endoscópica e cirurgia de refluxo endoscópico. A fundoplicatura laparoscópica, uma técnica tradicional, demonstra alta eficácia e recuperação relativamente rápida. A esfincteroplastia endoscópica, incluindo dispositivos como o LINX, oferece uma alternativa minimamente invasiva promissora. A cirurgia de refluxo endoscópico é uma abordagem inovadora, mas requer mais pesquisa de longo prazo. A escolha da abordagem cirúrgica deve ser baseada na gravidade da DRGE, histórico médico do paciente e preferências pessoais. A fundoplicatura laparoscópica é confiável, enquanto as abordagens minimamente invasivas atraem pacientes que desejam uma recuperação mais rápida. A pesquisa em andamento está aprimorando o tratamento cirúrgico da DRGE, mas a seleção da técnica ideal requer avaliação individualizada e discussões informadas entre pacientes e profissionais de saúde. O acompanhamento clínico a longo prazo é essencial para monitorar resultados e complicações. Este artigo destaca a complexidade do tratamento cirúrgico da DRGE e as opções em constante evolução. A seleção cuidadosa e a colaboração entre pacientes e médicos são cruciais para alcançar o melhor resultado possível no tratamento desta condição debilitante