Tecnologías sociales y producción de alimentos en municipios del suroeste de Bahía. Logros y desafíos en la garantía de la soberanía alimentaria campesina.

Este artigo objetiva analisar como se dá a produção de alimentos pelas famílias camponesas no Sudoeste Baiano, a partir do uso e apropriação das estruturas hídricas do Programa “Por Uma Terra e Duas Águas” (P1+2). Para tanto, delimitou-se o estudo em quatro municípios: Anagé, Bom Jesus da Serra, Cândido Sales e Poções. A metodologia adotada inclui a revisão de literatura, a pesquisa documental, o levantamento de dados primários e secundários, e entrevistas semiestruturadas, realizadas remotamente por conta da pandemia. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que as tecnologias sociais do P1+2 exercem papel substancial para o cultivo de alimentos que compunham a dieta alimentar das famílias camponesas. No entanto, o período de estiagem ainda se apresenta como desafio para uma produção contínua.This article aims to analyze how food production is carried out by peasant families in Southwest Bahia, based on the use and appropriation of water structures in the “For One Land and Two Waters” Program (P1+2). Therefore, the study was delimited in four municipalities Anagé, Bom Jesus da Serra, Cândido Sales and Poções. The methodology adopted includes literature review, documentary research, survey of primary and secondary data, and semi-structured interviews, carried out remotely because of the pandemic. The results obtained show that the P1+2 social technologies play a substantial role in the cultivation of foods that make up the diet of peasant families.Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar cómo la producción de alimentos es realizada por las familias campesinas en el suroeste de Bahía, a partir del uso y apropiación de estructuras de agua en el Programa “Por una tierra y dos aguas” (P1 + 2). Por tanto, el estudio se delimitó en cuatro municipios Anagé, Bom Jesus da Serra, Cândido Sales y Poções. La metodología adoptada incluye revisión de literatura, investigación documental, relevamiento de datos primarios y secundarios y entrevistas semiestructuradas, realizadas de forma remota a causa de la pandemia. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que las tecnologías sociales P1 + 2 juegan un papel sustancial en el cultivo de alimentos que integran la dieta de las familias campesinas. Sin embargo, el período seco todavía se presenta como un desafío para la producción continua

Performance of Canchim and Nellore cattle on pasture.

O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar o desenvolvimento de animais das raças Canchim e Nelore em regime de pasto. Foram utilizados 128 animais, 64 por ano, divididos em quatro grupos, por raça e sexo, e distribuídos igualmente em piquetes de capim-andropógon (A. gayanus Kunth) e piquetes de capim-andropógon consorciado com calopogônio (C. mucunoides Desc.), em dois anos de experimento. As variáveis estudadas foram os ganhos em peso médio diário (GPD) durante os períodos das águas (A1 e A2), da seca (S1) e total (T), e os pesos, ao final (PF) destes períodos. Os animais Canchim ganharam, em média, mais peso (P<0,01) durante A2 (0,874 x 0,762 kg/an/dia) e durante T (0,530 x 0,495 kg/an/dia) e apresentaram maior peso (P<0,01) ao final de todos os períodos (283 x 255 kg para A1; 294 kg x 269 kg para S1; e 459 kg x 413 kg para A2).This experiment was carried out to evaluate the performance of Canchim and Nellore cattle on pasture. One hundred and twenty eight animals, half of each by breed and sex, were alloted to eight pastures of Andropogon gayanusand eight pastures of A. gayanus and Calopogonio mucunoides, in a two year experiment. The traits studied were average daily gain (DG) during the rainy (R1 and R2) and dry (D1) seasons and during the total period (T), and final weights (FW) in each of these periods. The Canchim animals gained, on the average, more (P<0.01) during R2 (0.874 x 0.762 kg/an/day) and T (0.530 x 0.495 kg/an/day) and were heavier (P<0.01) at the end of all periods (253k9 X 255 kg for R1; 294 kg x 269 kg for D1; and 459 kg x 413 kg for R2), as compared to the Nellore ones

Evaluation of this temporomandibular joint space when using different occlusal splints by cone beam computerized tomography : a case report

Introduction: An occlusal splint is a removable, reversible, non-invasive device made of acrylic, used to promote a harmonious occlusal contact. It is part of an arsenal of therapeutic modalities used in the treatment of Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Disorders. However, its mechanisms of action remain controversial. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain its efficiency, such as: repositioning of the condyle or disk; reduction of the masticatory electromyographic activity; change of harmful oral habits; increase of the intra-articular space reducing the overload on the TMJ. Case presentation: This case report aims to demonstrate the changes in TMJ spaces, assessed by Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBTC) scans, in a patient with indication to use occlusal splints. She was submitted to occlusal splints of 1 and 3 mm which were used during CBTC acquisition. The measures of the joint spaces with and without splints were compared by image software that shows an alteration of the upper, anterior, posterior, medial and lateral joint spaces. The 3 mm plate promoted an initial translation of condyle. Conclusion: The thicknesses of 3 and 1 mm promoted different joint space variations. The use of different thicknesses enables the individualization of the treatment for different pathologies affecting the TMJ.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Basin-wide variation in tree hydraulic safety margins predicts the carbon balance of Amazon forests

Funding: Data collection was largely funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) project TREMOR (NE/N004655/1) to D.G., E.G. and O.P., with further funds from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES, finance code 001) to J.V.T. and a University of Leeds Climate Research Bursary Fund to J.V.T. D.G., E.G. and O.P. acknowledge further support from a NERC-funded consortium award (ARBOLES, NE/S011811/1). This paper is an outcome of J.V.T.’s doctoral thesis, which was sponsored by CAPES (GDE 99999.001293/2015-00). J.V.T. was previously supported by the NERC-funded ARBOLES project (NE/S011811/1) and is supported at present by the Swedish Research Council Vetenskapsrådet (grant no. 2019-03758 to R.M.). E.G., O.P. and D.G. acknowledge support from NERC-funded BIORED grant (NE/N012542/1). O.P. acknowledges support from an ERC Advanced Grant and a Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award. R.S.O. was supported by a CNPq productivity scholarship, the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP-Microsoft 11/52072-0) and the US Department of Energy, project GoAmazon (FAPESP 2013/50531-2). M.M. acknowledges support from MINECO FUN2FUN (CGL2013-46808-R) and DRESS (CGL2017-89149-C2-1-R). C.S.-M., F.B.V. and P.R.L.B. were financed by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES, finance code 001). C.S.-M. received a scholarship from the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq 140353/2017-8) and CAPES (science without borders 88881.135316/2016-01). Y.M. acknowledges the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and ERC Advanced Investigator Grant (GEM-TRAITS, 321131) for supporting the Global Ecosystems Monitoring (GEM) network (gem.tropicalforests.ox.ac.uk), within which some of the field sites (KEN, TAM and ALP) are nested. The authors thank Brazil–USA Collaborative Research GoAmazon DOE-FAPESP-FAPEAM (FAPESP 2013/50533-5 to L.A.) and National Science Foundation (award DEB-1753973 to L. Alves). They thank Serrapilheira Serra-1709-18983 (to M.H.) and CNPq-PELD/POPA-441443/2016-8 (to L.G.) (P.I. Albertina Lima). They thank all the colleagues and grants mentioned elsewhere [8,36] that established, identified and measured the Amazon forest plots in the RAINFOR network analysed here. The authors particularly thank J. Lyod, S. Almeida, F. Brown, B. Vicenti, N. Silva and L. Alves. This work is an outcome approved Research Project no. 19 from ForestPlots.net, a collaborative initiative developed at the University of Leeds that unites researchers and the monitoring of their permanent plots from the world’s tropical forests [61]. The authros thank A. Levesley, K. Melgaço Ladvocat and G. Pickavance for ForestPlots.net management. They thank Y. Wang and J. Baker, respectively, for their help with the map and with the climatic data. The authors acknowledge the invaluable help of M. Brum for kindly providing the comparison of vulnerability curves based on PAD and on PLC shown in this manuscript. They thank J. Martinez-Vilalta for his comments on an early version of this manuscript. The authors also thank V. Hilares and the Asociación para la Investigación y Desarrollo Integral (AIDER, Puerto Maldonado, Peru); V. Saldaña and Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP) for local field campaign support in Peru; E. Chavez and Noel Kempff Natural History Museum for local field campaign support in Bolivia; ICMBio, INPA/NAPPA/LBA COOMFLONA (Cooperativa mista da Flona Tapajós) and T. I. Bragança-Marituba for the research support.Tropical forests face increasing climate risk1,2, yet our ability to predict their response to climate change is limited by poor understanding of their resistance to water stress. Although xylem embolism resistance thresholds (for example, Ψ50) and hydraulic safety margins (for example, HSM50) are important predictors of drought-induced mortality risk3-5, little is known about how these vary across Earth's largest tropical forest. Here, we present a pan-Amazon, fully standardized hydraulic traits dataset and use it to assess regional variation in drought sensitivity and hydraulic trait ability to predict species distributions and long-term forest biomass accumulation. Parameters Ψ50 and HSM50 vary markedly across the Amazon and are related to average long-term rainfall characteristics. Both Ψ50 and HSM50 influence the biogeographical distribution of Amazon tree species. However, HSM50 was the only significant predictor of observed decadal-scale changes in forest biomass. Old-growth forests with wide HSM50 are gaining more biomass than are low HSM50 forests. We propose that this may be associated with a growth-mortality trade-off whereby trees in forests consisting of fast-growing species take greater hydraulic risks and face greater mortality risk. Moreover, in regions of more pronounced climatic change, we find evidence that forests are losing biomass, suggesting that species in these regions may be operating beyond their hydraulic limits. Continued climate change is likely to further reduce HSM50 in the Amazon6,7, with strong implications for the Amazon carbon sink.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe