“Don’t Trust Anybody, Not Even Us”: Kafka’s Realism as Anarchist Modernism

Franz Kafka’s personal interest in and contact with the anarchist movement have been fairly well documented, and many have pointed to affinities between his work and anarchist ideas. At the same time, a growing body of scholarship has documented the influence of anarchist politics on modernist aesthetics per se, primarily in terms of a shared resistance to representation—a project that Kafka appears not to share, or at least one he pursues in a very different way. This essay redescribes the strategies of representation found at work in novels such as The Trial and stories such as “The Refusal” in relation to anarchism, and thereby to contribute to a better understanding both of Kafka’s political engagements and his unique form of narrative realism

Translators' Introduction

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Who Uses this Facility and Why? Developing Survey Tools to Implement the Trail Modeling and Assessment Protocol

Policymakers and transportation planners utilize quantitative methods for developing and prioritizing transportation investments. While travel forecasting and evaluation tools have been employed in the highway planning process for decades, these instruments have only recently begun to be developed for non-motorized transportation investments. As a result, road projects are typically described as needs, while projects addressing conditions for bicyclists and pedestrians are often considered “amenities” (RTC 2014, T-MAP Fact sheet). Individual agencies have developed programs to measure trail use along local greenway corridors, but there currently are no national methods for demand and impact estimation on trails and greenways. To address this gap, the Rails-to-Trails Conservancy has undertaken a $1.2 million, three-year project called Trail Modeling and Assessment Platform (T-MAP) to create “trail planning data collection instruments, methodologies, and analysis tools” (RTC 2014, T-MAP Fact sheet). As part of T-MAP, the Rails-to-Trails Conservancy will lead the first nationwide survey of trail use. This paper contributes to the development of the T-MAP survey tools and methods, which will provide the empirical data necessary for calculating the health and transportation impacts of trail investments. Without this data, the impact analyses would rely on crude assumptions. The survey data allows Rails-to-Trails to learn more about trail use and usage, which will allow the organization to make a better case for trails. The T-MAP survey implementation will include two components: an intercept survey and an online survey. This project focuses on the development and refinement of the trail user survey and survey distribution protocol, which will outline strategies for effective survey administration, including survey timing, location, incentives, and surveyor training.Master of City and Regional Plannin

Roles of ON cone bipolar cell subtypes in temporal coding in the mouse retina

In the visual system, diverse image processing starts with bipolar cells, which are the second-order neurons of the retina. Thirteen subtypes of bipolar cells have been identified, which are thought to encode different features of image signaling and to initiate distinct signal-processing streams. Although morphologically identified, the functional roles of each bipolar cell subtype in visual signal encoding are not fully understood. Here, we investigated how ON cone bipolar cells of the mouse retina encode diverse temporal image signaling. We recorded bipolar cell voltage changes in response to two different input functions: sinusoidal light and step light stimuli. Temporal tuning in ON cone bipolar cells was diverse and occurred in a subtype-dependent manner. Subtypes 5s and 8 exhibited low-pass filtering property in response to a sinusoidal light stimulus, and responded with sustained fashion to step-light stimulation. Conversely, subtypes 5f, 6, 7, and XBC exhibited bandpass filtering property in response to sinusoidal light stimuli, and responded transiently to step-light stimuli. In particular, subtypes 7 and XBC were high-temporal tuning cells. We recorded responses in different ways to further examine the underlying mechanisms of temporal tuning. Current injection evoked low-pass filtering, whereas light responses in voltage-clamp mode produced bandpass filtering in all ON bipolar cells. These findings suggest that cone photoreceptor inputs shape bandpass filtering in bipolar cells, whereas intrinsic properties of bipolar cells shape low-pass filtering. Together, our results demonstrate that ON bipolar cells encode diverse temporal image signaling in a subtype-dependent manner to initiate temporal visual information-processing pathways

Essays in Anarchism and Religion: Volume II

Essays in Anarchism and Religion: Volume I

An Open, Large-Scale, Collaborative Effort to Estimate the Reproducibility of Psychological Science

Reproducibility is a defining feature of science. However, because of strong incentives for innovation and weak incentives for confirmation, direct replication is rarely practiced or published. The Reproducibility Project is an open, large-scale, collaborative effort to systematically examine the rate and predictors of reproducibility in psychological science. So far, 72 volunteer researchers from 41 institutions have organized to openly and transparently replicate studies published in three prominent psychological journals in 2008. Multiple methods will be used to evaluate the findings, calculate an empirical rate of replication, and investigate factors that predict reproducibility. Whatever the result, a better understanding of reproducibility will ultimately improve confidence in scientific methodology and findings

Resilient Pedagogy: Practical Teaching Strategies to Overcome Distance, Disruption, and Distraction

Resilient Pedagogy offers a comprehensive collection on the topics and issues surrounding resilient pedagogy framed in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the social justice movements that have swept the globe. As a collection, Resilient Pedagogy is a multi-disciplinary and multi-perspective response to actions taken in different classrooms, across different institution types, and from individuals in different institutional roles with the purpose of allowing readers to explore the topics to improve their own teaching practice and support their own students through distance, disruption, and distraction