Hamilton Cycles in Addition Graphs

If A is a square-free subset of an abelian group G, then the addition graph of A on G is the graph with vertex set G and distinct vertices x and y forming an edge if and only if x+y is in A. We prove that every connected cubic addition graph on an abelian group G whose order is divisible by 8 is Hamiltonian as well as every connected bipartite cubic addition graph on an abelian group G whose order is divisible by 4. We show that connected bipartite addition graphs are Cayley graphs and prove that every connected cubic Cayley graph on a group of dihedral type whose order is divisible by 4 is Hamiltonian

Exploring the Area of Rectangles and their Applications

We will explain how to find the area of rectangles using the TI 84 tutorial. We will use “Area Explorer” from Project Interactivate to demonstrate how to find the area of different rectangular shapes. A Pre-designed house plan from GSP will be given to the students (to be loaded in each computer) to simulate a floor renewal. Students will calculate different areas from the house floor plan and collect the data

Qualitative evaluation of a rapid rollout of home blood pressure monitoring in pregnancy during Covid-19

In March 2020, the World Health Organisation named the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (Sars-CoV-2), which causes corona virus disease 2019 (COVID -19), as a pandemic. Pregnant women were considered at increased risk of developing severe COVID-19 after viral infection. In response maternity services reduced face-to-face consultations with high-risk pregnant women by supplying blood pressure monitors for supported self-monitoring. This paper explores the experiences of patients and clinicians of the rapid roll-out of supported self-monitoring programme in Scotland during the first and second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted semi-structured telephone interviews with high-risk women and healthcare professionals who were using supported self-monitoring of blood pressure (BP) In four case studies during the COVID-19 pandemic. 20 women, 15 midwives and 4 obstetricians took part in the interviews. Interviews with healthcare professionals showed that while implementation occurred at pace and at scale across the National Health Service (NHS) in Scotland, implementation differed locally, resulting in mixed experiences. Study Participants observed several barriers and facilitators to implementation. Women value the simplicity of use and convenience of the digital communications platforms while health professionals were more interested in their impact on reducing workload for both women and health professionals largely found self-monitoring acceptable, with only a few exceptions. These results show that rapid change can occur in the NHS at a national level when there is a shared motivation. While self-monitoring is acceptable to most women, decisions regarding self-monitoring should be made jointly and on an individual basis

Development of Electrodynamic Tethers for Propellantless Propulsion in Low-Earth Orbit

The Miniature Tether Electrodynamic Experiment-1 (MiTEE-1) is a University of Michigan faculty research project, backed by student research and leadership, consisting of a 3U CubeSat with a shortrigid boom electrodynamic tether (EDT) connecting a picosatellite providing enhanced current collection. It is the first of two satellite missions working towards a technology demonstration and increased knowledge of CubeSat spacecraft charging dynamics. This will thus allow for increased refinement and full operation of an EDT spacecraft system capable of station keeping activities on MiTEE-2. The mission of the MiTEE organization is to demonstrate and refine the technology needed to successfully use electrodynamic tethers on CubeSat and smaller platforms. With a final goal of producing a pico (100g-1000g) to femto (\u3c 100g) sized pair of satellites capable of complex station keeping activities further advancing the ability to create low cost, long term, and controllable satellite constellations. The following paper describes the MiTEE-1 spacecraft, proposed operations, and the hardware needed to demonstrate a miniature EDT housed in a 3U body

Effectiveness of Motivational Interviewing on adult behaviour change in health and social care settings: A systematic review of reviews

BackgroundThe challenge of addressing unhealthy lifestyle choice is of global concern. Motivational Interviewing has been widely implemented to help people change their behaviour, but it is unclear for whom it is most beneficial. This overview aims to appraise and synthesise the review evidence for the effectiveness of Motivational Interviewing on health behaviour of adults in health and social care settings.MethodsA systematic review of reviews. Methods were pre-specified and documented in a protocol (PROSPERO–CRD42016049278). We systematically searched 7 electronic databases: CDSR; DARE; PROSPERO; MEDLINE; CINAHL; AMED and PsycINFO from 2000 to May 2018. Two reviewers applied pre-defined selection criteria, extracted data using TIDIER guidelines and assessed methodological quality using the ROBIS tool. We used GRADE criteria to rate the strength of the evidence for reviews including meta-analyses.FindingsSearches identified 5222 records. One hundred and four reviews, including 39 meta-analyses met the inclusion criteria. Most meta-analysis evidence was graded as low or very low (128/155). Moderate quality evidence for mainly short term

Promoting smoking cessation during pregnancy: A feasibility and pilot trial of a digital storytelling intervention delivered via text?messaging

ObjectiveSmoking during pregnancy causes risks to mother and infant health. We investigated the feasibility and likely success of SKIP-IT, a narrative and picture-based smoking cessation intervention delivered via text messages.MethodsA feasibility and pilot trial. We aimed to recruit 70 pregnant women who smoked, randomised to usual care alone, or usual care and the SKIP-IT intervention, between 12 weeks of pregnancy and 6 weeks post due-date. Outcomes assessed were recruitment, retention, acceptability of, and engagement with the intervention, smoking behaviour, intentions, perceived risk, and self-efficacy.ResultsOf 312 women initially approached by smoking cessation services only 54 (17%) agreed to be contacted by the research team. Twenty were then either ineligible or uncontactable and 28 (82%) participated. Most women reported texts to be entertaining and helpful. The proportion of women not smoking at follow-up was lower in the intervention group, but numbers were too small to draw conclusions about effectiveness.ConclusionThe intervention was acceptable, but difficulty in making initial and follow-up contacts meant our methods were unfeasible for a larger trial.Practice implicationsDigital Storytelling interventions could help women quit smoking, but further research is required to identify alternative methods for studies with pregnant women who smoke

Interventions for sustained healthcare professional behaviour change: a protocol for an overview of reviews

BackgroundFailure to successfully implement and sustain change over the long term continues to be a major problem in health and social care. Translating evidence into routine clinical practice is notoriously complex, and it is recognised that to implement new evidence-based interventions and sustain them over time, professional behaviour needs to change accordingly. A number of theories and frameworks have been developed to support behaviour change among health and social care professionals, and models of sustainability are emerging, but few have translated into valid and reliable interventions. The long-term success of healthcare professional behavioural change interventions is variable, and the characteristics of successful interventions unclear. Previous reviews have synthesised the evidence for behaviour change, but none have focused on sustainability. In addition, multiple overlapping reviews have reported inconsistent results, which do not aid translation of evidence into practice. Overviews of reviews can provide accessible succinct summaries of evidence and address barriers to evidence-based practice. We aim to compile an overview of reviews, identifying, appraising and synthesising evidence relating to sustained social and healthcare professional behaviour change.MethodsWe will conduct a systematic review of Cochrane reviews (an Overview). We plan to systematically search the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. We will include all systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials comparing a healthcare professional targeted behaviour change intervention to a standard care or no intervention control group. Two reviewers will independently assess the eligibility of the reviews and the methodological quality of included reviews using the ROBIS tool. The quality of evidence within each comparison in each review will be judged based on the GRADE criteria. Disagreements will be resolved through discussion. Effects of interventions will be systematically tabulated and the quality of evidence used to determine implications for clinical practice and make recommendations for future research.DiscussionThis overview will bring together the best available evidence relating to the sustainability of health professional behaviour change, thus supporting policy makers with decision-making in this field

Childhood adversity and mental health admission patterns prior to young person suicide (CHASE): a case-control 36 year linked hospital data study, Scotland UK 1981–2017

Background Childhood adversity is associated with increased later mental health problems and suicidal behaviour. Opportunities for earlier healthcare identification and intervention are needed. Aim To determine associations between hospital admissions for childhood adversity and mental health in children who later die by suicide. Method Population-based longitudinal case-control study. Scottish inpatient general and psychiatric records were summarised for individuals born 1981 or later who died by suicide between 1991 and 2017 (cases), and matched controls (1:10), for childhood adversity and mental health (broadly defined as psychiatric diagnoses and general hospital admissions for self-harm and substance use). Results Records were extracted for 2477 ‘cases’ and 24 777 ‘controls’; 2106 cases (85%) and 13 589 controls (55%) had lifespan hospitalisations. Mean age at death was 23.7; 75.9% were male. Maltreatment or violence-related childhood adversity codes were recorded for 7.6% cases aged 10–17 (160/2106) versus 2.7% controls (371/13 589), odds ratio = 2.9 (95% CI, 2.4–3.6); mental health-related admissions were recorded for 21.7% cases (458/ 2106), versus 4.1% controls (560/13 589), odds ratio = 6.5 (95% CI, 5.7–7.4); 80% of mental health admissions were in general hospitals. Using conditional logistic models, we found a dose response effect of mental health admissions <18y, with highest adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for three or more mental health admissions: aOR_male = 8.17 (95% CI, 5.02–13.29), aOR_female = 15.08 (95% CI, 8.07–28.17). We estimated that each type of childhood adversity multiplied odds of suicide by aOR_male = 1.90 (95% CI, 1.64–2.21), aOR_female = 2.65 (95% CI, 1.94–3.62), and each mental health admission by aOR_male = 2.06 (95% CI, 1.81–2.34), aOR_female = 1.78 (95% CI, 1.50–2.10). Conclusions Our lifespan study found that experiencing childhood adversity (primarily maltreatment or violence-related admissions) or mental health admissions increased odds of young person suicide, with highest odds for those experiencing both. Healthcare practitioners should identify and flag potential ‘at-risk’ adolescents to prevent future suicidal acts, especially those in general hospitals

Childhood adversity and mental health admission patterns prior to young person suicide (CHASE): a case-control 36 year linked hospital data study, Scotland UK 1981–2017

Background Childhood adversity is associated with increased later mental health problems and suicidal behaviour. Opportunities for earlier healthcare identification and intervention are needed. Aim To determine associations between hospital admissions for childhood adversity and mental health in children who later die by suicide. Method Population-based longitudinal case-control study. Scottish inpatient general and psychiatric records were summarised for individuals born 1981 or later who died by suicide between 1991 and 2017 (cases), and matched controls (1:10), for childhood adversity and mental health (broadly defined as psychiatric diagnoses and general hospital admissions for self-harm and substance use). Results Records were extracted for 2477 ‘cases’ and 24 777 ‘controls’; 2106 cases (85%) and 13 589 controls (55%) had lifespan hospitalisations. Mean age at death was 23.7; 75.9% were male. Maltreatment or violence-related childhood adversity codes were recorded for 7.6% cases aged 10–17 (160/2106) versus 2.7% controls (371/13 589), odds ratio = 2.9 (95% CI, 2.4–3.6); mental health-related admissions were recorded for 21.7% cases (458/ 2106), versus 4.1% controls (560/13 589), odds ratio = 6.5 (95% CI, 5.7–7.4); 80% of mental health admissions were in general hospitals. Using conditional logistic models, we found a dose response effect of mental health admissions <18y, with highest adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for three or more mental health admissions: aOR_male = 8.17 (95% CI, 5.02–13.29), aOR_female = 15.08 (95% CI, 8.07–28.17). We estimated that each type of childhood adversity multiplied odds of suicide by aOR_male = 1.90 (95% CI, 1.64–2.21), aOR_female = 2.65 (95% CI, 1.94–3.62), and each mental health admission by aOR_male = 2.06 (95% CI, 1.81–2.34), aOR_female = 1.78 (95% CI, 1.50–2.10). Conclusions Our lifespan study found that experiencing childhood adversity (primarily maltreatment or violence-related admissions) or mental health admissions increased odds of young person suicide, with highest odds for those experiencing both. Healthcare practitioners should identify and flag potential ‘at-risk’ adolescents to prevent future suicidal acts, especially those in general hospitals

Childhood adversity and mental health admission patterns prior to young person suicide (CHASE): a case-control 36 year linked hospital data study, Scotland UK 1981-2017

Background Childhood adversity is associated with increased later mental health problems and suicidal behaviour. Opportunities for earlier healthcare identification and intervention are needed. Aim To determine associations between hospital admissions for childhood adversity and mental health in children who later die by suicide. Method Population-based longitudinal case-control study. Scottish in-patient general and psychiatric records were summarised for individuals born 1981 or later who died by suicide between 1991 and 2017 (cases), and matched controls (1:10), for childhood adversity and mental health (broadly defined as psychiatric diagnoses and general hospital admissions for self-harm and substance use). Results Records were extracted for 2477 ‘cases’ and 24 777 ‘controls’; 2106 cases (85%) and 13 589 controls (55%) had lifespan hospitalisations. Mean age at death was 23.7; 75.9% were male. Maltreatment or violence-related childhood adversity codes were recorded for 7.6% cases aged 10–17 (160/2106) versus 2.7% controls (371/13 589), odds ratio = 2.9 (95% CI, 2.4–3.6); mental health-related admissions were recorded for 21.7% cases (458/2106), versus 4.1% controls (560/13 589), odds ratio = 6.5 (95% CI, 5.7–7.4); 80% of mental health admissions were in general hospitals. Using conditional logistic models, we found a dose-response effect of mental health admissions <18y, with highest adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for three or more mental health admissions: aORmale = 8.17 (95% CI, 5.02–13.29), aORfemale = 15.08 (95% CI, 8.07–28.17). We estimated that each type of childhood adversity multiplied odds of suicide by aORmale = 1.90 (95% CI, 1.64–2.21), aORfemale = 2.65 (95% CI, 1.94–3.62), and each mental health admission by aORmale = 2.06 (95% CI, 1.81–2.34), aORfemale = 1.78 (95% CI, 1.50–2.10). Conclusions Our lifespan study found that experiencing childhood adversity (primarily maltreatment or violence-related admissions) or mental health admissions increased odds of young person suicide, with highest odds for those experiencing both. Healthcare practitioners should identify and flag potential ‘at-risk’ adolescents to prevent future suicidal acts, especially those in general hospitals