843 research outputs found
The social geography of unmarried cohabitation in the USA, 2007-2011
US studies of marriage and cohabitation have mainly highlighted the social and racial differentials as they were observed in cross-sections, and have as a result essentially focused on the "pattern of disadvantage". The evolution of such social differentials over time and space reveals that this pattern of disadvantage has clearly persisted, but that it is far from covering the whole story. Historically, there has been a major contribution to the rise of cohabitation by white college students, and later on young white adults with higher education continued to start unions via cohabitation to ever increasing degrees. Only, they seem to move into marriage to a greater extent later on in life than other population segments. Also, the religious affiliation matters greatly: Mormons and evangelical Christians have resisted the current trends. Furthermore this effect is not only operating at the individual but at the contextual level as well. Conversely, even after controls for competing socio-economic explanations, residence in areas (either counties or PUMA-areas) with a Democratic voting pattern is related to higher cohabitation probabilities. And, finally, different legal contexts at the level of States also significantly contributed to the emergence of strong spatial contrasts. Hence, there is a concurrence of several factors shaping the present differentiations, and the rise of secular and liberal attitudes, i.e. the "ethics revolution", is equally a part of the explanation
Out-dated assumptions about maternal grandmothers? Gender and lineage in grandparent-grandchild relationships
Azimuthal dependence of pion source radii in Pb+Au collisions at 158 A GeV
We present results of a two-pion correlation analysis performed with the
Au+Pb collision data collected by the upgraded CERES experiment in the fall of
2000. The analysis was done in bins of the reaction centrality and the pion
azimuthal emission angle with respect to the reaction plane. The pion source,
deduced from the data, is slightly elongated in the direction perpendicular to
the reaction plane, similarly as was observed at the AGS and at RHIC.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure
Semi-Hard Scattering Unraveled from Collective Dynamics by Two-Pion Azimuthal Correlations in 158 A GeV/c Pb + Au Collisions
Elliptic flow and two-particle azimuthal correlations of charged hadrons and
high- pions ( 1 GeV/) have been measured close to mid-rapidity in
158A GeV/ Pb+Au collisions by the CERES experiment. Elliptic flow ()
rises linearly with to a value of about 10% at 2 GeV/. Beyond
1.5 GeV/, the slope decreases considerably, possibly indicating
a saturation of at high . Two-pion azimuthal anisotropies for
1.2 GeV/ exceed the elliptic flow values by about 60% in mid-central
collisions. These non-flow contributions are attributed to near-side and
back-to-back jet-like correlations, the latter exhibiting centrality dependent
broadening.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev. Letters, 4 pages, 5 figure
Design, Construction, Operation and Performance of a Hadron Blind Detector for the PHENIX Experiment
A Hadron Blind Detector (HBD) has been developed, constructed and
successfully operated within the PHENIX detector at RHIC. The HBD is a
Cherenkov detector operated with pure CF4. It has a 50 cm long radiator
directly coupled in a window- less configuration to a readout element
consisting of a triple GEM stack, with a CsI photocathode evaporated on the top
surface of the top GEM and pad readout at the bottom of the stack. This paper
gives a comprehensive account of the construction, operation and in-beam
performance of the detector.Comment: 51 pages, 39 Figures, submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Method
Leptonic and charged kaon decay modes of the meson measured in heavy-ion collisions at the CERN SPS
We report a measurement of meson production in central Pb+Au
collisions at E/A=158 GeV. For the first time in heavy-ion collisions,
mesons were reconstructed in the same experiment both in the KK
and the dilepton decay channel. Near mid-rapidity, this yields rapidity
densities, corrected for production at the same rapidity value, of 2.05 +-
0.14(stat) +- 0.25(syst) and 2.04 +- 0.49(stat)+-{0.32}(syst), respectively.
The shape of the measured transverse momentum spectra is also in close
agreement in both decay channels. The data rule out a possible enhancement of
the yield in the leptonic over the hadronic channel by a factor larger
than 1.6 at 95% CL.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures,submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
Elliptic flow of charged pions, protons and strange particles emitted in Pb+Au collisions at top SPS energy
Differential elliptic flow spectra v2(pT) of \pi-, K0short, p, \Lambda have
been measured at \sqrt(s NN)= 17.3 GeV around midrapidity by the
CERN-CERES/NA45 experiment in mid-central Pb+Au collisions (10% of
\sigma(geo)). The pT range extends from about 0.1 GeV/c (0.55 GeV/c for
\Lambda) to more than 2 GeV/c. Protons below 0.4 GeV/c are directly identified
by dE/dx. At higher pT, proton elliptic flow v2(pT) is derived as a
constituent, besides \pi+ and K+, of the elliptic flow of positive pion
candidates. The retrieval requires additional inputs: (i) of the particle
composition, and (ii) of v2(pT) of positive pions. For (i), particle ratios
obtained by NA49 were adapted to CERES conditions; for (ii), the measured
v2(pT) of negative pions is substituted, assuming \pi+ and \pi- elliptic flow
magnitudes to be sufficiently close. The v2(pT) spectra are compared to
ideal-hydrodynamics calculations. In synopsis of the series \pi- - K0short - p
- \Lambda, flow magnitudes are seen to fall with decreasing pT progressively
even below hydro calculations with early kinetic freeze-out (Tf= 160 MeV)
leaving not much time for hadronic evolution. The proton v2(pT) data show a
downward swing towards low pT with excursions into negative v2 values. The
pion-flow isospin asymmetry observed recently by STAR at RHIC, invalidating in
principle our working assumption, is found in its impact on proton flow
bracketed from above by the direct proton flow data, and not to alter any of
our conclusions. Results are discussed in perspective of recent viscous
dynamics studies which focus on late hadronic stages.Comment: 38 pages, 27 figures, 2 tables. Abstract and parts of introduction
made more comprehensible; corrected typos; acknowledgement added. To appear
in Nucl.Phys.
Investigation of genetically regulated gene expression and response to treatment in rheumatoid arthritis highlights an association between IL18RAP expression and treatment response.
This article has been accepted for publication in Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 2020 following peer review, and the Version of Record can be accessed online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217204OBJECTIVES: In this study, we sought to investigate whether there was any association between genetically regulated gene expression (as predicted using various reference panels) and anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) treatment response (change in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)) using 3158 European ancestry patients with rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS: The genetically regulated portion of gene expression was estimated in the full cohort of 3158 subjects (as well as within a subcohort consisting of 1575 UK patients) using the PrediXcan software package with three different reference panels. Estimated expression was tested for association with anti-TNF treatment response. As a replication/validation experiment, we also investigated the correlation between change in ESR with measured gene expression at the Interleukin 18 Receptor Accessory Protein (IL18RAP) gene in whole blood and synovial tissue, using an independent replication data set of patients receiving conventional synthetic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, with directly measured (via RNA sequencing) gene expression. RESULTS: We found that predicted expression of IL18RAP showed a consistent signal of association with treatment response across the reference panels. In our independent replication data set, IL18RAP expression in whole blood showed correlation with the change in ESR between baseline and follow-up (r=-0.35, p=0.0091). Change in ESR was also correlated with the expression of IL18RAP in synovial tissue (r=-0.28, p=0.02). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that IL18RAP expression is worthy of further investigation as a potential predictor of treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis that is not specific to a particular drug type
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