Literature Review : Terapi Menulis Terhadap Kecemasan Korban Bullying di Indonesia

Introduction: Bullying has significantly affected victims for a long time. The effect of bullying on victims is anxiety. Victims will also show lower levels of self-esteem and self-efficacy. If not handled, feelings of anxiety experienced by victims can increase the risk of depression and suicide. One therapy that can be used to overcome psychological problems in victims of bullying is to use writing therapy. Writing therapy can improve individual understanding in dealing with stress, anger, anxiety, and depression. Methods: The strategy of searching for research articles relevant to this research topic was carried out using the keywords: “writing therapy”, “anxiety”, “victims of bullying”, and “Indonesia”, to several major databases such as PROQUEST, EBSCO and GOOGLE SCHOLAR, with limitations time is from January 2013 to July 2022. Research articles are reviewed and selected according to the sample inclusion criteria. At the beginning of the search, 1117 articles were found relevant to the topic, but only 6 articles met the inclusion criteria. After that, the researcher assessed the 6 articles with Duffy's Research Appraisal Checklist Approach. Results: The results of 5 studies showed that writing therapy effectively reduced anxiety levels in victims of bullying in their teens and adults. Meanwhile, in research with respondents aged children, writing therapy is ineffective in reducing anxiety levels. Conclusion: Writing therapy effectively reduces anxiety levels in adolescent and adult respondents

Influence of family caregiver education level with their expressed emotion in caring for the elderly

Objective: The higher the level of education of a person, the wider the horizons of his thinking, so it is very helpful when a person grapples with stressful life events and develops coping skills to deal with stress. The stress faced by the caregiver will affect and increase expressed emotion. Caregivers with high expressed emotion are at risk of causing family members of person they cared for to experience stress. Methods: This is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design. A total of 56 family caregiver at Surabaya Community Health Centre participated in this study. The measuring instrument used is a sociodemographic questionnaire and a Family Questionnaire (FQ) assessing expressed emotion. Results: Statistical analysis generated a significant p-value of 0.000 with alpha of 0.05, thus the p-value ≤ 0.05. It indicated a significant association between education level with the expressed emotion of caregiver. Conclusion: The education level of the family of caregiver will affect their expressed emotion

Literature Review : Pengaruh Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Terhadap Depresi Pada Remaja

Pendahuluan: Remaja beresiko tinggi mengalami depresi karena adanya perubahan yang cepat dalam tubuhnya, serta ketidakseimbangan antara perkembangan fisik dan mental yang menyebabkan tingginya tingkat stres. Selain membutuhkan biaya yang tinggi untuk pengobatannya, depresi dikaitkan dengan hilangnya kualitas hidup. Untuk mengatasi depresi adalah dengan pemberian antidepresan yang memiliki sejumlah efek samping. Sedangkan salah satu psikoterapi penunjang untuk mengatasi depresi adalah dengan cognitive behaviour therapy. Metode: Pencarian artikel jurnal dilakukan secara elektronik dengan menggunakan beberapa database, yaitu: database Sage, Science Direct, Proquest, dan Google Scholar dari Januari 2013 sampai Agustus 2019. Keyword yang digunakan adalah “Cognitive behaviour therapy ”, “Depression/ Depresi”, “Adolescent/ Remaja” “ ; sehingga didapatkan 7 artikel untuk di-review. Kriteria inklusi meliputi efek penerapan cognitive behaviour therapy pada remaja yang depresi. Dari 7 penelitian yang termasuk dalam kriteria inklusi, 6 penelitian menggunakan metode randomized controlled trial, sedangkan satu penelitian menggunakan metode kuasi eksperimen. Populasinya adalah penderita remaja yang mengalami depresi. Hasil: Dari 7 hasil penelitian menunjukan cognitive behaviour therapy efektif dalam menurunkan tingkat depresi pada remaja. Kesimpulan: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy efektif menurunkan tingkat depresi pasien remaja. Kata kunci : Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, depresi, remaj

LITERATURE REVIEW: PENGARUH PROGRESSIVE MUSCLE RELAXATION TERHADAP ANSIETAS PADA PASIEN KANKER

Pendahuluan: Kanker, sebagai salah satu masalah kesehatan yang mengalami peningkatan sangat cepat dan menjadi penyebab kedua kematian di dunia. Hal ini tentu menimbulkan ansietas pada mereka yang telah didiagnosa kanker. Untuk mengatasi ansietas adalah dengan pemberian psikotropika, namun hal tersebut memiliki efek samping. Salah satu alternatif mengurangi ansietas adalah dengan progressive muscle relaxation. Metode: Pencarian artikel jurnal dilakukan secara elektronik dengan menggunakan beberapa database, yaitu: database Sage, Sience Direct, Proquest, dan Google Scholar dari Januari 2013 sampai Juli 2019. Keyword yang digunakan adalah “Progressive Muscle Relaxation / Latihan Otot Progresif”, “Anxiety/ Ansietas”, “Cancer Patients/ Pasien kanker; sehingga didapatkan delapan artikel untuk di-review. Kriteria inklusi meliputi efek penerapan latihan otot progresif pada ansietas pasien kanker. Dari delapan penelitian yang termasuk dalam kriteria inklusi menggunakan metode randomized controlled trial, kuasi eksperimen, dan pre eksperimen. Populasinya adalah pasien kanker yang mengalami ansietas. Hasil: Dari delapan hasil penelitian menunjukan progressive muscle relaxation efektif dalam menurunkan ansietas pada pasien kanker baik pasien kanker yang mendapat pengobatan kemoterapi maupun yang mendapat pembedahan. Tiga penelitian menggabungkan progressive muscle relaxation dengan terapi lain yang sesuai. Kesimpulan: Progressive muscle relaxation efektif menurunkan ansietas pasien kanker

Studi fenomenologi: Makna dari kesejahteraan bagi lanjut usia

Introduction: Elderly is the final period of human growth and development, changes occur in terms of physical, psycho, social and spiritual will become more mature. These changes require the ability of the elderly to adapt to the changes experience, so that they are satisfied undergoing their life, and ultimately have an impact on well-being. Objective: Determine the meaning of well-being for the elderly. Method: Qualitative research with 12 participant who met the inclusion criteria until saturated data. Data collection was carried out by in-depth interviews using a voice recorder and guided question. The results of the interviews were followed by verbatim transcripts and data analysis using Colaizzi’s to produce research themes that would be described as research results. Result: The theme in this study is the meaning of well-being for the elderly, factors supporting feelings of well-being and activities that support feelings of well-being

Studi Fenomenologi Gambaran Kehidupan Religiusitas bagi Lanjut Usia di Masa Pandemi

Introduction: religiosity is one of the supporters of a healthy life and a long life for the elderly. The pandemic has impacted the elderly, especially the implementation of the Enforcement of Restrictions on Community Activities, especially in religious life as a basic form of religiosity. The purpose of this study was to determine the religious experience of the elderly during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods: qualitative, with 10 participants who met the inclusion criteria, participated in this study. The researcher conducted a thematic analysis by repeatedly reading the results of the verbatim transcript to look for patterns of meaning to find themes. Results: in the form of research themes, namely: the form of religiosity that is interpreted as elderly, the benefits of religiosity for the life of the elderly, solutions to meet the needs of religiosity during the pandemic, and the expectations of the elderly in fulfilling the needs of religiosity. Religiosity is carried out both in prayer life and in applying religious teachings in the form of kindness to others. Religiosity provides a sense of calm and comfort and guides the life of the elderly. Older people practice religiosity during a pandemic by praying privately and participating in online prayer activities. Conclusion: It is essential to pay attention to religious life to be able to provide meaning and benefit to the life of the elderly. The elderly feel satisfied with their life because of the support of the people around them and, finally, experience long life and a good quality of life

Upaya Peningkatan Perubahan Perilaku Melalui Program Pendidikan Kesehatan Terhadap Orang Tua Dalam Penanganan Ispa Non Pneumonia Anak Infant Dan Toddler

The highest intensity of acute respiratory infection found on Puskesmas Pacar Keling region. The height prevalence of acute respiratory infection give contribution to the occurence of the other disease as pneuonia later ()n can caused the child death. Consider that the spreading of acute respiratory infection relate to the behavior, it needed a .correct health education in parental learning process. This study was aimed to explain the effect of health education method on knowledge, attitude, and practice of acute respiratory infection handling behavior in Puskesmas Pacar Keling Surabaya Region. Pre Experimental One-Group Pra-Test-Posttest Design was used in this , study. The total sampel in this study were 19 of parents which children acute respiratory infection suffer. The Independent variable that used in this study was health education, and the dependent variable was knowledge, attitude, and practice of acute respiratory infection handling behavior in Puskesmas Pacar Keling Surabaya region . Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon Signed Ranked Test with level significance ± a = O,O~ The result show that there an effect health education of acute respiratory infection parental handling behavior which are knowledge with p = 0,000; attitude with p = 0,000; Practice with p = 0,000. Based on the result, it conclude that there were significant effect of health education on knowledge, attitude, and practice of acute rspiratory infection parental handling behavior in Puskesmas Pacar Keling Surabaya region. It is expected that more infonnation regarding non pneumonic acute respiratory infection can be accessed by public in Puskesmas Pacar Keling Surabaya Region as possible so that pneumonic acute respiratory infection to infant and. toddler can be done

Literature Review: Impact of Family Psychoeducation on the ability of families in caring the family members with schizophrenia

Introduction: Family psychoeducation have emerged as a strongly supported evidence based practice in the treatment of schizophrenia. Family psychoeducation is designed to engage, inform, and educate family members, so that they can assist the person with schizophrenia in managing their illness. Method: This study aims to review the literature about implementation of family psychoeducation on the ability of families in caring the family members with schizophreni. Article search conducted electronically in some database : Sage, Sience Direct, Proquest, and Google Scholar, by January 2010 until August 2020. The keywords used were “Family psychoeducation”, “Schizophrenia”, “Family capability”, “Caring”, “Indonesia”. Results: Result showed in seven studies that Family psychoeducation effectively in improving the ability of family in treating people with schizophrenia. Conclusion: Family psychoeducation effectively in improving the ability of family in treating people with schizophrenia. Keywords: Family psychoeducation, Schizophrenia, Family capability, Caring, Indonesia

Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan dengan terjadinya kekambuhan pada pasien skizofrenia di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Bantur Malang.

World Health Oganization menyatakan bahwa 24 juta penduduk di dunia menderita skizofrenia pada usia antara 15 sampai dengan 35 tahun. Prevalensi gangguan jiwa berat pada penduduk Indonesia 1,7 per mil dan gangguan jiwa terbanyak adalah skizofrenia. Pasien dengan diagnosis skizofrenia diperkirakan akan kambuh 50% pada tahun pertama, 70% pada tahun kedua dan 100% pada tahun kelima setelah pulang dari rumah sakit. Puskesmas Bantur merupakan salah satu Puskesmas di Kabupaten Malang dengan jumlah penderita skizofrenia 124 penderita. Dibandingkan tahun 2016, jumlah penderita skizofrenia yang mengalami kekambuhan mencapai 50%. Kekambuhan meningkatkan beban pengasuhan dan beban ekonomi yang signifikan bagi keluarga dan masyarakat karena jika pasien mengalami rehospitalisasi atau kembali menjalani rawat inap di rumah sakit jiwa maka akan menambah biaya yang harus dikeluarkan keluarga untuk pengobatan. Penelitian ini berfokus pada kekambuhan pasien skizofrenia di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Bantur Malang. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kekambuhan pada pasien skizofrenia di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Bantur Malang. Sedangkan metode yang digunakan adalah metode analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 83 caregiver pasien skizofrenia di lima desa yang termasuk dalam wilayah kerja Puskesmas Bantur Malang yang diperoleh dengan teknik total sampling. Pengumpulan data diperoleh menggunakan instrumen lembar kuesioner. Sebelum digunakan dalam penelitian, kuesioner melalui uji validitas dan uji reliabilitas. Pada uji validitas , pada kuesioner pengetahuan keluarga, r hitung terkecil sebesar 0,673 dan r hitung terbesar sebesar 0,793. Sedangkan pada kuesioner kepatuhan minum obat, r hitung terkecil sebesar 0,653 dan r hitung terbesar sebesar 0,885. Pada kuesioner ekspresi emosi r hitung terkecil sebesar 0,633 dan r hitung terbesar sebesar 0,886. Karena nilai masing-masing korelasi (r) yang didapatkan lebih besar dari r tabel maka didapatkan bahwa semua item pertanyaan valid. Sedangkan untuk mengetahui suatu instrumen yang digunakan reliabel atau tidak reliabel maka digunakan uji reliabilitas menggunakan Cronbach Alpha. Oleh karena nilai koefisien reliabilitas pada kuesioner pengetahuan keluarga, kepatuhan minum obat, dan ekspresi emosi lebih besar dari 0,6 , maka instrumen untuk mengukur kepatuhan minum obat dinyatakan reliabel. Penelitian ini telah dilakukan pada bulan Maret 2018, data yang terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan aplikasi SPSS versi 15. Analisis dilakukan secara univariat untuk melihat deskriptif statistik data penelitian, analisis bivariat dengan uji korelasi chi-square untuk melihat hubungan antar variabel dan analisis multivariat dengan uji regresi logistik dengan metode Enter. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara kepatuhan minum obat (p=0.000), ekspresi emosi (p=0.000), dan onset skizofrenia (p=0.042) dengan kekambuhan pasien skizofrenia. Ketidakpatuhan minum obat mencetuskan kekambuhan karena obat antipsikotik berperan dalam menormalkan neurotransmiter di otak sehingga gejala skizofrenia baik gejala positif ataupun negatif tidak muncul. Sedangkan ekspresi emosi yang tinggi seringkali menyebabkan kekambuhan karena kritik verbal agresif yang dimunculkan caregiver dan atau anggota keluarga lainnya. Onset yang timbul pertama kali pada skizofrenia sering ditemukan pada usia remaja atau dewasa muda namun terlambat ditangani sehingga perjalanan penyakitviii menjadi kronik dan kekambuhan menjadi sering. Sedangkan hubungan antara pengetahuan caregiver (p=0.208) tidak memiliki hubungan dengan kekambuhan pasien skizofrenia. Alasan kenapa dalam penelitian ini pengetahuan tidak berpengaruh dalam kekambuhan pasien adalah walaupun pengetahuan caregiver tinggi tetapi kepatuhan minum obat penderita tetap rendah sehingga tetap terjadi kekambuhan. Hasil uji regresi logistik didapatkan data yang memiliki pengaruh terbesar dalam pencegahan dan pengendalian infeksi adalah kepatuhan minum obat dengan nilai (Exp(B)=29.363) disusul oleh ekspresi emosi (Exp(B)= 0.051). Dari hasil tersebut diketahui jika kepatuhan minum obat menjadi faktor yang paling berpengaruh dalam kekambuhan pasien skizofrenia. Melalui hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan pedoman bagi tenaga kesehatan dan keluarga pasien skizofrenia dalam merawat pasien skizofrenia khususnya terhadap pencegahan kekambuhan. Dalam hal ini, variabel yang berhubungan secara statistik yaitu ketidakpatuhan minum obat, ekspresi emosi dan onset skizofrenia dapat diterapkan dalam merawat pasien baik saat rawat inap atau saat pasien rawat jalan khususnya dalam memberikan edukasi pada caregiver, keluarga pasien dan pasie

Improving Adolescent Mental Health Development through Therapeutic Group Therapy in Saint Beatrix Orphanage, Sidoarjo

Adolescents who live at an orphanage may be at risk of mental disorders among adolescents. As adolescent orphans usually have bad memories, therapeutic groups are alternatives to overcome this issue. A civic engagement program was conducted to tackle development issues in adolescents as it performed a therapeutic approach with their peers. This program involved twenty-one female adolescents in Saint Beatrix orphanage Sidoarjo. They took a pre-test, which indicated a low level of knowledge about adolescent development. Group therapy was conducted in seven sessions, each of which took an hour. In the evaluation stage, questionnaires were distributed to test the adolescents’ knowledge about adolescent development. After conducting the therapeutic group therapy, it showed that adolescents’ knowledge about the development stages and their challenges improved. Based on the result of the Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test, it's known that p-value = 0,000 with (ɑ<0.05), which means therapeutic group therapy may enhance knowledge about adolescent development stages to promote a healthy lifestyle in adolescent