Body Mass Index, Age, and Gender on Bone Mineral Density in the Elderly

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a chronic bone disease caused by reduced bone mass and impaired bone structure. This disease is a widespread and serious public health problem. The most common consequences of this condition are hip and vertebral fractures, which can carry a substantial risk of premature morbidity and mortality. The best strategy to overcome osteoporosis is prevention by identifying risk factors and early diagnosis. This article aims to provide an overview of the influence of body mass index (BMI), age, and gender on bone mineral density (BMD) in the elderly. Methods: This article is a literature review with a search for literature sources using the keywords bone mineral density, body mass index, age, gender, and elderly in the Google Scholar, PubMed, PMC, Researchgate, and Sciencedirect databases. The inclusion criteria are online and full-text scientific articles in the last 10 years in international journals. Results: Several studies have shown that the prevalence of osteoporosis is higher in people with low BMI, but other studies have found a decrease in BMD in obese subjects; with increasing age there is a decrease in osteoblast differentiation and activity, increased osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast activity, and increased bone resorption; females are more susceptible to osteoporosis because decreased estradiol during menopause causes a sharp increase in bone turnover and resorption. Conclusion: There are mixed findings regarding the relationship between BMI and BMD. Age is a factor that needs to be considered because a person\u27s chances of developing osteoporosis will increase with age. Females are more susceptible to osteoporosis

LITERATURE REVIEW: CHALLENGES IN REACHING VOLUNTARY COUNSELING AND TESTING SERVICES FOR HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS SUFFERERS

Background:  Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a disease that works by damaging the body\u27s immune system so that patients are susceptible to opportunistic infectious diseases when the number of CD4 (white blood cells or lymphhocyte/T-cells) decreases or the viral load level increases. Objective: To identify challenges in achieving voluntary counseling and testing services for people with human immunodeficiency virus.  Methods: literature review, literature search process using Google Scholar and Pubmed databases with the keyword \u27Challengesi in Reaching Voluntary Counseling and Testing Services for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Sufferers\u27. The inclusion criteria are journals published in the 2021-2024 range, journal types of articles with quantitative, qualitative, empirical research methods, pdf full text journals, articles taken are national and international journal articles. Results: The challenges in achieving voluntary counseling and testing services for people with HIV are influenced by several things, including lack of cost, limited provision of logistics for examinations, stigma and discrimination both from patients and the community, including health workers, knowledge about HIV in at-risk people as well as the community, and limitedservice facilities and health human resources that are still limited both in terms of number and knowledge of VCT

The The Effect of the Distraction Technique with Watching Video Cartoons on Reducing Scale of Pain During Intravenous (IV) Line Insertion in the Emergency Room

Background: Intravenous (IV) Line Insertion is a procedure that involves puncturing a vein and causing significant pain and stress in children. The pain and fear experienced during childhood can increase the potential for avoiding medical care in adulthood. Aims: to determine the effectiveness of providing cartoon video distraction in reducing pain in children undergoing IV drips Method: This study was conducted in the Emergency Room of Dr. Soerojo Hospital in November - December 2024 involving 66 children who were going to receive IV treatment, the research sample was divided into two groups, namely the intervention group and the control group. The intervention group received treatment in the form of watching cartoon videos for 5 to 10 minutes, while the control group received standard therapy in the form of deep breathing distraction techniques. Result: There was a significant difference in the pain scale in children who received distraction techniques by watching cartoon videos compared to children who only received standard therapy when the infusion was installed (p value = 0.001). Conclusion: Providing cartoon video distractions has been proven effective in reducing pain in children undergoing Intravenous puncture

Analisis Pengetahuan Ibu tentang Stunting terhadap Upaya Pencegahan Stunting di Posyandu

Background: Stunting is a condition of impaired growth in children under five years of age (toddlers) due to chronic malnutrition and recurrent infections, particularly during the first 1,000 days of life. It is caused by multiple factors. Some of the primary causes of stunting include poor parenting practices, such as the mother\u27s lack of knowledge about nutrition, limited access to health services, insufficient access to nutritious food, and inadequate access to clean water and sanitation. Objective: This study aims to analyze mothers\u27 knowledge of stunting and its impact on stunting prevention efforts. Method: This research employed a correlational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The study sample consisted of mothers of toddlers from Posyandu Kenanga 5, with a population of 55. Purposive sampling was used to select 40 respondents. A questionnaire was utilized as the instrument for data collection. The Chi-square statistical test was applied to analyze the data. Results: The findings of this study indicate that 53% of the mothers had sufficient knowledge about stunting. In terms of stunting prevention efforts, 50% of the respondents were categorized as having sufficient efforts. The Chi-square statistical test revealed a significant relationship between mothers\u27 knowledge of stunting and their efforts to prevent it, with a p-value of 0.000

Correlation Between Knowledge And Attitudes Of Young Women About Anemia With Adherence In Taking Blood Supplement Tablets

Background: Iron deficiency anemia is a lack of erythrocyte supply to perform erythropoiesis, which eventually causes a decrease in Hb. In Tabanan District (98.52%) of adolescents received blood supplement tablets, but only (95.77%) of adolescents took blood supplement tablets. Research needs to examine the correlation between adolescents\u27 knowledge and attitudes with adherence in taking blood supplement tablets. To determine the correlation knowledge level and attitudes of young women about anemia with adherence in taking blood supplement tablets. Methods: This study employed analytic correlation study with cross-sectional approach, with 151 young women recruited as sample of the study which were selected through total sampling technique. The data were collected by using questionnaire and analyzed by using Spearman-Rho statistical test. Results: The finding showed that there were 81 respondents (53.6%) had good knowledge and there were 125 respondents (82.8%) had positive attitude about anemia. The majority of young women adherence was in the high category as many as 82 (54.3%). There is a significant correlation between the level of knowledge and attitudes about anemia with adherence in taking blood supplement tablets (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The higher the knowledge about anemia and the more positive the attitude, the higher the adherence of young women in taking blood supplement tablets

Students\u27 Knowledge of Applied Anesthesiology Nursing level 3 ITEKES Bali on ECG Interpretation

Background: Electrocardiography (ECG) records the electrical activity of the atria and ventricles and forms characteristic ECG waves. It is essential for diagnosing cardiovascular diseases. Bali Province has a high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (1.3% or approximately 16,481 people), which requires all health workers, especially anesthetists, to not only perform ECG installation but also interpret the results accurately. This study aimed to determine the knowledge of level 3 Anesthesiology Nursing students at ITEKES Bali regarding ECG interpretation. Methods: This research uses quantitative research with this was a descriptive quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. The output of this research can be used as a source of information or evaluation material for teachers and students regarding the importance of interpreting ECGs. Results: The results of this study show that most students (90.0%) had good knowledge of ECG interpretation, while 10.0% had sufficient knowledge. Conclusion: The knowledge possessed by ITEKES Bali level 3 Anesthesiology Nursing students regarding ECG interpretation was good and sufficient

Media Efektif dalam Meningkatkan Partisipasi Imunisasi Anak: Scoping Review

Background: Immunization is an effort to provide immunity to children by administering vaccines into the body through injections, which include DPT, Measles, and Rubella vaccines. These vaccines stimulate the production of antibodies, enabling children to avoid specific diseases. The provision of complete immunization in children is influenced by several factors, including occupation, knowledge, attitudes, and family education. Objectives: This study aims to identify the most influential media in delivering health education to improve full immunization participation in children. Methods: The scoping review was conducted using the PRISMA ScR framework checklist adapted from the 2018 guidelines. Results: From a selection of 2,501 articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, the review identified eight relevant articles. The influential media in delivering health education to improve full immunization participation in children were categorized into three themes: types of media, benefits of media use, and barriers to media utilization. Among various media, SMS proved to be the most impactful in increasing children\u27s immunization rates. This is attributed to its ease of use, cost-effectiveness, and the fact that it does not require an internet connection, making it accessible in all areas

Peran Keluarga dalam Mencegah Tuberkulosis Paru

Background:  Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria cause pulmonary tuberculosis, which attacks the lungs and can spread through air droplets from people who cough or sneeze. In many countries, especially Indonesia, which has a fairly high burden of TB cases, this disease is still a major health problem. Apart from environmental factors and health services, family factors are very important in preventing and treating pulmonary TB. It is very important for families to help infected family members get the right treatment and maintain a healthy home environment. Method: The research design used was quantitative with a descriptive approach. Participants were selected using a purposive sampling/total sampling technique, using a questionnaire sheet distributed to respondents and an observation sheet held by the researcher. The research sample was twelve people who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: In this study, 8 people (66.67%) obtained roles in general with a sufficient role category

Pengaruh Model Cakram Deteksi Dini Stunting Berbasis Pemberdayaan Kader dalam Upaya Peningkatan Pengetahuan dan Sikap Kader

Background:   Stunting is a failure to grow and develop in children under 5 years of age and is caused by chronic malnutrition characterized by below normal length or height. In 2022 in Indonesia, the prevalence of stunting is around 8.4%, East Nusa Tenggara Province which has a stunting rate of 22.4%, in Kelapa Lima Village the stunting prevalence rate is 31.8%. The high stunting rate has forced many parties to move and take part in reduction stunting rates, including cadres and the community. Objective:  This study aims to analyze the impact of using a stunting early detection disk tool on the knowledge and attitudes of cadres regarding early stunting detection. Methods: The method in this study is quantitative, Quasi Experiment design with one group pre-test and post-test. Samples used purposive sampling with a total of 30 cadres. The independent variable is the early detection disk tool for stunting and the dependent variable is the knowledge and attitude of cadres. Results: The results of tested using Wilcoxon SPSS and obtained results p = 0.001 or a significance level of p <0.05, which means there is a difference between the level of knowledge and attitude before and after the provision of early detection of stunting using the early detection disk tool for stunting

Studi literatur: Dampak psikologis korban cyberbullying di kalangan remaja

Bullying atau perundungan tidak hanya terjadi di lingkungan sekolah, tetapi juga terjadi di dunia maya. Remaja merupakan salah satu korban yang kerap merasakan dampak dari perundungan di dunia maya atau cyber-bullying. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran psikologis korban cyber-bullying pada remaja.  Metode literature review telah diterapkan dalam studi ini melalui kerangka SPIDER. Pencarian artikel didapatkan melalui pangkalan data seperti Google Schoolar, ScienceDirect, Sage Publish, PubMed Central, NIH, dan Neliti. Adapun pemilihan artikel dalam studi literature review ini telah ditentukan oleh kriteria inklusi. Terdapat dua belas artikel yang menjabarkan temuan mengenai gambaran psikologis dari cyber-bullying pada remaja. Berdasarkan hasil dari analisa ekstraksi artikel pada psikologis korban cyber-bullying, temuan utama dalam studi literatur ini mengungkapkan bahwa dari dua belas artikel membahas fenomena pada remaja di Indonesia yang mengalami cyber-bullying atau perundungan di dunia maya. Korban dari cyber-bullying di dunia maya mayoritas terjadi pada remaja awal, exclusion menjadi bentuk paling sering dilakukan di platform whatsapp. Remaja yang menjadi korban cyber-bullying mengalami masalah kesehatan mental berubah malu, takut, trauma,putus asa, tidak percaya diri, gangguan konsep diri, depresi, hingga memiliki ide bunuh diri