Body Mass Index, Age, and Gender on Bone Mineral Density in the Elderly

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a chronic bone disease caused by reduced bone mass and impaired bone structure. This disease is a widespread and serious public health problem. The most common consequences of this condition are hip and vertebral fractures, which can carry a substantial risk of premature morbidity and mortality. The best strategy to overcome osteoporosis is prevention by identifying risk factors and early diagnosis. This article aims to provide an overview of the influence of body mass index (BMI), age, and gender on bone mineral density (BMD) in the elderly. Methods: This article is a literature review with a search for literature sources using the keywords bone mineral density, body mass index, age, gender, and elderly in the Google Scholar, PubMed, PMC, Researchgate, and Sciencedirect databases. The inclusion criteria are online and full-text scientific articles in the last 10 years in international journals. Results: Several studies have shown that the prevalence of osteoporosis is higher in people with low BMI, but other studies have found a decrease in BMD in obese subjects; with increasing age there is a decrease in osteoblast differentiation and activity, increased osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast activity, and increased bone resorption; females are more susceptible to osteoporosis because decreased estradiol during menopause causes a sharp increase in bone turnover and resorption. Conclusion: There are mixed findings regarding the relationship between BMI and BMD. Age is a factor that needs to be considered because a person\u27s chances of developing osteoporosis will increase with age. Females are more susceptible to osteoporosis

The Relationship Between Peer Social Support and Academic Resilience Among First-Year Nursing Students in Jakarta

Background: First-year university students often face complex adaptation challenges in higher education, including academic pressure, differing teaching methods, and demands for independence. The ability to persist through such challenges is referred to as academic resilience, which may be influenced by social support from peers. Objective: The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between peer social support and academic resilience among first-year students in the Bachelor of Nursing Program at STIKes RS Husada Jakarta. Method:  The approach adopted was quantitative with a correlational descriptive design and total sampling technique, involving 114 first-semester students. The instrument used was a Likert scale questionnaire to measure both variables. Data were collected using Likert-scale questionnaires and analyzed with the Spearman Rank correlation test due to non-normal distribution. Results: The findings of the study show a significant positive relationship between peer social support and academic resilience (r = 0.459; p < 0.001). This indicates that higher levels of perceived peer support are associated with stronger academic resilience

Manfaat Musik pada Penanganan Demensia

Introduction: People with dementia can experience depression, anxiety, and agitation due to memory loss. This can also lead to loss of independence and isolation from family and friends. Music has been proven to be an effective non-pharmacological treatment option in reducing depression, anxiety, and agitation caused by dementia. This article provides an overview of the benefits of music in treating dementia. Methods:  This article is a literature review with the keywords "cognitive function," "dementia," "music," and "psycho-behavioral," which were searched through the Google Scholar database. Inclusion criteria include scientific works originating from international journals in the period 2016-2025, which can be accessed online in full-text form. Results: The search for articles discussed in this research was 6 international journals. Music can reduce depression, anxiety, and agitation caused by dementia. In addition, music has benefits for both people with dementia and their caregivers. Conclusion: Music is a non-pharmacological therapy that is beneficial for dementia patients and their caregivers. It also helps improve thinking and behavior in people with dementia. Music can be considered as another option for treating dementia, but these benefits still require further research

LITERATURE REVIEW: CHALLENGES IN REACHING VOLUNTARY COUNSELING AND TESTING SERVICES FOR HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS SUFFERERS

Background:  Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a disease that works by damaging the body\u27s immune system so that patients are susceptible to opportunistic infectious diseases when the number of CD4 (white blood cells or lymphhocyte/T-cells) decreases or the viral load level increases. Objective: To identify challenges in achieving voluntary counseling and testing services for people with human immunodeficiency virus.  Methods: literature review, literature search process using Google Scholar and Pubmed databases with the keyword \u27Challengesi in Reaching Voluntary Counseling and Testing Services for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Sufferers\u27. The inclusion criteria are journals published in the 2021-2024 range, journal types of articles with quantitative, qualitative, empirical research methods, pdf full text journals, articles taken are national and international journal articles. Results: The challenges in achieving voluntary counseling and testing services for people with HIV are influenced by several things, including lack of cost, limited provision of logistics for examinations, stigma and discrimination both from patients and the community, including health workers, knowledge about HIV in at-risk people as well as the community, and limitedservice facilities and health human resources that are still limited both in terms of number and knowledge of VCT

Mental Health in Adults with Non-communicable Diseases: An Overview

Background:   Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are chronic conditions that progressively impair individuals’ health over time and may significantly affect mental well-being. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the mental health status of adults living with NCDs. Methods: A quantitative descriptive design was employed. The sampling technique used consecutive sampling with a sample size of 76 respondents aged 35-55 years, with a history of hypertension or diabetes mellitus (DM). The DASS 42 quistionnaire was used as a research instrument to collect data. In this study, univariate analysis with descriptive percentage was employed. Results: The results indicated that 25% of respondents experienced mild depression, 44.7% moderate anxiety, and 44.7% mild stress. Conclusions: NCDs may adversely affect the mental health of individuals. This needs to be followed up to mitigate the broader impact of NCDs, both on physical and mental health

Efektivitas Senam Prolanis Terhadap Nilai Tekanan Darah Pada Penderita Hipertensi Di Puskesmas

Background: Hypertension remains a growing global health concern, especially among the elderly and working-age populations, requiring holistic management strategies. Prolanis exercise, a community-based non-pharmacological approach, was introduced to help control blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Objective: This study evaluated its effectiveness at Tanjung Priok Health Center using a quantitative pretest-posttest design without a control group. Fifty-seven randomly selected participants engaged in two 30-minute exercise sessions over one month. Method: Blood pressure was measured before and after, and data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. Results: Showed no significant differences in systolic or diastolic blood pressure (p-values: 0.763 and 0.071). Most respondents were elderly, female, and unemployed. The study\u27s limitations include low intervention frequency and lack of analysis on psychosocial and cultural factors. Future studies should employ more intensive and culturally sensitive approaches to improve outcomes

Treatment Outcome of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Public Health Center

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a contagious disease with high mortality rates worldwide, especially in developing countries like Indonesia, which is the second-largest contributor to TB cases after India. Objective: Analysis of factors associated with treatment outcome in pulmonary TB patients in public health centers at Gunungkidul Regency, D.I. Yogyakarta. Methods: An observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on pulmonary TB patients in 30 public health centers, Gunungkidul Regency in 2020-2021. Inclusion criteria were age ≥15 years, and exclusion criteria were extrapulmonary TB patients and those who loss to follow-up the end of treatment. Secondary data were obtained from the Tuberculosis Information System TB 03 (SITB) of the Gunungkidul District Health Office. The research data were analyzed using chi-square test (bivariate) and logistic regression (multivariate). Results: A total of 272 pulmonary TB patients in 2020-2021, with the majority aged 45-54 years (22.8%), male (57%), new treatment category (96.3%), BTA/TCM positive (58.1%), had a history of DM (8.1%), and HIV positive status (0.8%). Logistic regression analysis showed that age (p<0.001) and bacteriological examination results (p=0.012) were significantly associated with treatment outcomes. However, gender, history of TB treatment, history of DM, and HIV status were not associated with treatment success. Conclusion: Age and bacteriological examination results (AFB/Xpert MTB) at the start of treatment contributed to the treatment success rate in pulmonary TB patients

Pengaruh Konsumsi Nugget Tahu Daun Kelor terhadap Peningkatan Berat Badan Balita

Background:  Nutrition is an important factor that supports children\u27s growth and development. Malnutrition remains a serious problem among toddlers, characterized by weight below the age-standard (weight-for-age, W/A), which can affect physical growth, cognitive development, and overall health. One potential strategy is the provision of moringa leaf tofu nuggets, which are rich in protein and essential micronutrients for children. Objective:  To determine the effect of  consuming  moringa leaf tofu nuggets on the weight gain of toddlers aged 24–60 months at KB Ummul Quro, Central Lampung Regency. Method:  Pre-experimental research, with one group pretest-posttest design. The study sample consisted of 20 toddlers who were BGK and BGM on the growth chart, using a total sampling technique. Data were analyzed using the Paired Sample T-Test. Results: The average weight of toddlers increased from 10.4 kg before the intervention to 10.7 kg after 30 days of consuming moringa leaf tofu nuggets. The statistical test showed a p-value of 0.000 < 0.05, indicating that H0 was rejected and Ha accepted. This demonstrates that providing moringa leaf tofu nuggets has a significant effect on increasing the weight of toddlers

Hygiene Behavior And The Risk Of Hepatitis Among Street Food Vendors In Surabaya

Background:   Street food vendors are a vital part of urban food systems in Indonesia, yet their hygiene practices remain poorly regulated, contributing to the spread of foodborne diseases such as hepatitis. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between hygiene behavior and the risk of hepatitis among street food vendors in Surabaya. Method: A quantitative analytical method with a cross-sectional design was applied to 120 purposively selected vendors. Data were collected through structured questionnaires assessing hygiene practices and self-reported hepatitis symptoms. Results: Chi-Square and Spearman correlation tests revealed significant associations between handwashing (p = 0.002), glove use (p = 0.011), access to clean water (p = 0.001), and food covering (p = 0.005) with hepatitis risk. The strongest negative correlation was found between clean water access and hepatitis symptoms (ρ = –0.48). These results highlight the critical role of basic hygiene practices in preventing hepatitis transmission in informal food settings. Findings suggest that targeted health education and improved water access can reduce public health risks. This study supports the integration of food safety standards into street food regulation and community-based interventions. Strengthening hygiene behavior among vendors could significantly reduce the burden of hepatitis in high-density urban environments

LITERATURE REVIEW: “STRATEGI PENDAMPINGAN KELUARGA UNTUK MENCAPAI LINGKUNGAN BEBAS MALARIA DENGAN PENDEKATAN KOMUNITAS BERBASIS PEMBERDAYAAN DI INDONESIA

Latar Belakang: Malaria merupakan penyakit menular yang masih menjadi ancaman serius bagi kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia, khususnya di wilayah endemis. Upaya pemberantasan malaria telah menjadi prioritas dalam agenda nasional kesehatan dan sejalan dengan target Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) untuk mengakhiri epidemi penyakit menular pada tahun 2030. Tujuan: Mencapai lingkungan bebas malaria melalui strategi pendampingan keluarga berbasis pemberdayaan masyarakat. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode literature review dengan pencarian data melalui Google Scholar menggunakan kata kunci “Strategi Pendampingan Keluarga Untuk Mencapai Lingkungan Bebas Malaria Dengan Pendekatan Komunitas Berbasis Pemberdayaan Di Indonesia.” Kriteria inklusi meliputi artikel jurnal nasional dan internasional tahun 2023–2024, menggunakan metode kuantitatif, kualitatif, atau review, serta tersedia dalam format PDF full-text. Hasil: Strategi pendampingan keluarga belum sepenuhnya berhasil mewujudkan lingkungan bebas malaria. Hambatan yang dihadapi antara lain lingkungan yang tidak sehat, kurangnya SDM dan infrastruktur, keterbatasan dana, minimnya keterlibatan masyarakat dan pemangku kepentingan, serta factor geografis dan perilaku masyarakat. Keberhasilan eliminasi malaria membutuhkan peningkatan kapasitas lokal dan nasional, penguatan kompetensi tenaga kesehatan, kolaborasi multisektoral, pendekatan holistik berbasis keluarga dan masyarakat, serta peningkatan investasi dalam riset dan teknologi eliminasi malaria.