Kinetics of 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced fluorescence in organ cultures of bronchial epithelium and tumor

Background: 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-induced protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) fluorescence improves the differentiation of tumor and normal tissue in the bladder, skin and brain. Objective: The kinetics of 5-ALA-induced protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) fluorescence in organ cultures of normal human bronchial epithelium and cocultures of bronchial epithelium and tumor have been studied. Methods: Cultured biopsies of bronchial epithelium were exposed for 5 or 15 min, or continuously to 5-ALA. PPIX fluorescence was quantified for up to 300 min by spectroscopy. Cocultures of normal bronchial epithelium and a non-small-cell lung cancer cell line (EPLC-32M1) were incubated with 5-ALA. Space-resolved fluorescence microscopy was used to quantify PPIX fluorescence kinetics in the tumor and normal epithelium. Results: In cultures of normal epithelium, PPIX fluorescence kinetics were shown to depend on the duration of exposure to 5-ALA. There was a trend to higher fluorescence intensities with longer exposure times. In cocultures of bronchial epithelium and tumor, increases of fluorescence intensity were significantly greater in the tumor. Best tumor/normal tissue fluorescence ratios were found between 110 and 160 min after exposure to 5-ALA. Conclusion: Data obtained in this coculture system of bronchial epithelium and tumor is valuable to optimize modalities of fluorescence bronchoscopy for the diagnosis of early bronchial carcinoma. Copyright (C) 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel

Percepciones de los periodistas de la región Caribe (Montería, Cartagena y Barranquilla), en torno a la inserción de las nuevas tecnologías en el periodismo

Las nuevas tecnologías de la información y comunicación (NTIC), y el ejercicio periodístico que implica su uso, son sin duda, la revolución más significativa a finales del siglo XX. Por consiguiente en esta investigación se presentan los cambios que implica la inserción de las NTIC en la labor periodística, en especial lo relacionado con la formación de competencias. Por otro lado se describen algunos hallazgos en el seno del periodismo en la región Caribe. Esta investigación es de naturaleza cualitativa y de tipo descriptivo, analiza las transformaciones que tiene el periodismo en la región Caribe a partir de las percepciones de los periodistas de tres ciudades de la costa; Montería, Cartagena y Barranquilla, en relación a los cambios y oportunidades del periodismo y la profesión periodística frente a la inserción de las Nuevas Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (NTIC) en las labores profesionales

Motivações para a criação da Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal no Brasil

Apresenta os motivos mais evidentes para a criação da Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal brasileira (LRF), ou Lei Complementar no 101/ 2000. De cunho econômico e administrativo, as restrições, obrigações e omissões desta Lei afetam o setor público como um todo e, possivelmente, a própria política econômica do governo. Os anos FHC são analisados para fornecer o contexto econômico da criação da lei; as principais leis que formam o orçamento público brasileiro são descritas de modo a permitir uma identificação das inovações da LC no 101/ 2000; o movimento histórico do mainstream econômico e alguns dos grupos envolvidos na sua transformação são o pano de fundo desta investigação. Será mostrado que a LRF é uma mescla das soluções encontradas para os problemas da sua época, com ênfase no controle financeiro-orçamentário dos estados e municípios por parte da União e também na redução dos quadros de pessoal em todo o território nacional

Spin dynamics characterization in magnetic dots

The spin structure in a magnetic dot, which is an example of a quantum few-body system, is studied as a function of exchange coupling strength and dot size with in the semiclassical approximation on a discrete lattice. As the exchange coupli ng is decreased or the size is increased, the ground state undergoes a phase cha nge from a single domain ferromagnet to a spin vortex. The line separating these two phases has been calculated numerically for small system sizes. %, and analytically for larger dots. The dipolar interaction has been fully included in our calculations. Magnon frequencies in such a dot have also been calculated in both phases by the linearized equation of motion method. These results have also been reproduced f rom the Fourier transform of the spin autocorrelation function. From the magnon Density Of States (DOS), it is possible to identify the magnetic phase of the dot. Furthermore, the magnon modes have been characterized for both the ferromagnetic and the vortex phase, and the magnon instability mechanism leading to the vortex-ferro transition has also been identified. The results can also be used to compute finite temperature magnetization or vort icity of magnetic dots.Comment: 11 figures (12 figure files + 1 tex file

Perspectivas docentes para la educación en infancia. Un estudio desde las instituciones educativas en dos municipios de Córdoba

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo, analizar las percepciones que tienen los docentes de grado preescolar en relación a la lúdica y los cambios que ha adquirido como competencia, en su implementación para el fortalecimiento y formación pedagógica de los docentes de Preescolar de las instituciones educativas públicas de los Municipios de Planeta Rica y Pueblo Nuevo en el Departamento Córdoba- Colombia; por lo cual se buscó la identificación de elementos fundamentales en la articulación de las practicas lúdicas en el contexto laboral del docente y directivo docente en el nivel de educación inicial en Preescolar

5-Aminolaevulinic Acid (ALA) for the Fluorescence Detection of Bronchial Tumors

At the moment only early detection of lung cancer offers a good prognosis for the patients. Conventional white light endoscopy is mostly insufficient for early diagnosis. Therefore we developed a system of fluorescence diagnosis using 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) exogeneously applied. As precursor of the heme synthesis it is metabolized to protoporphyrin IX – a red fluorescent substance. Therefore protoporphyrin IX accumulates in tumorous and premalignant tissue, and can be directly visualized by fluorescence bronchoscopy. Excitation with blue light (380–435 nm) causes a red fluorescence, which can be detected after filtering most of the blue component with the naked eye or a camera system. After earlier work with laser systems and cold light sources we now use the system D-Light AF for the fluorescence diagnosis using ALA-induced protoporphyrin IX fluorescence

Evaluación de tres alternativas de fertiriego en el establecimiento del cultivo de plátano (musa paradisiaca/harton cv) en el Yopal, Casanare

Currently, in agriculture it is necessary to implement methods of rational handling of water resource. Plantain cultivation required a high content of water and fertilizer. Fertigation is an alternative to supplying hydric requirements and at the same time fertilizing the plant. The region of Colombia’s eastern plains is characterized by clay loam soils, little permeability and slow infiltration velocity. This makes the arrangement of fertilizers appear on the surface of the land thus making it difficult to move to the root zone. In the present research, three fertigation alternatives (T1: subterranean, T2: drip, T3: drench) were evaluated at the establishment stage. An experimental batch composed of 30 experimental units was established for each treatment. The Readily Available Water RAW was obtained taking into account the Permanent Wilt Point (PMP), Field Capacity (CC), Root Depth (RD) and apparent density (DA). The requirement of fertilization was calculated from soil analysis. The response variables were the number of leaves, diameter of the stem and height and weight of the plant. For the ANOVA, a completely randomized design-CRD was used and data were analyzed by using an INFOSTAT LSD Fisher test with a p value of 0.05. Significant differences between the treatments were found, where the treatment of subterranean fertigation evidenced bigger values in relation to the follow-up variables. In this work, one observed that the alternative of subterranean fertigation could be an affordable solution for an efficient handling of water and fertilization in the cultivation of plantains due to the alternative arrangements of local water and nutrients for the plant.En la actualidad es necesario implementar en la agricultura métodos de manejo racional del recurso hídrico. El cultivo de plátano requiere altos contenidos de agua y fertilizante. El fertiriego es una alternativa para suplir requerimientos hídricos y a la vez fertilizar la planta. La región de los llanos orientales se caracteriza por suelos franco-arcillosos, poco permeables y de velocidad de infiltración lenta. Lo que hace que la disposición de fertilizantes se localice en superficie del terreno, dificultando su paso hacia la zona radicular. En la presente investigación se evaluó en etapa de establecimiento tres alternativas de fertiriego (T1: subterráneo, T2: goteo, T3: drench). Se estableció un lote experimental compuesto por 30 unidades experimentales para cada tratamiento. La Lámina Rápidamente Aprovechable (LARA), se estableció teniendo en cuenta el Punto de Marchitez Permanente (PMP), la Capacidad de Campo (CC), la Profundidad Radicular (PR) y la densidad aparente (DA). Los requerimientos de fertilización se estimaron a partir de análisis de suelos. Las variables de respuesta fueron el número de hojas, diámetro del tallo, altura de la planta y peso de la planta. Para el ANOVA se utilizó un DCA y los datos fueron analizados en INFOSTAT mediante una prueba LSD Fisher con un valor p valor de 0.05. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos, en donde el tratamiento de fertiriego subterráneo mostró mayores valores respecto a las variables de seguimiento. En este trabajo se encontró que la alternativa de fertiriego subterráneo podría ser una solución viable para un manejo eficiente del agua y fertilización en el cultivo de plátano, posiblemente a que esta alternativa dispone de manera local el agua y los nutrientes para la planta

Documental Social Participativo: Una estrategia para el desarrollo de competencias comunicativas en estudiantes de la zona rural.

The following research is aninitiative from the paradigm of the alternative communication for social change, including strategy base, Edu-entertainment through the implementation of guidelines for participatory socialdocumentaries. The main objective of this project is to the promote the development of communicative competence. El Retiro de los Indios, rural area belonging to the municipality of Cereté – Cordoba, In such a way that is conducive to the construction of citizenship of a full, participatory and inclusive manner and thus strengthen its role as visible social actors within their community, what supports and validates the implementation of an efficient communication strategy.Este artículo presenta es una iniciativa de investigación, enmarcada dentro del paradigma de la comunicación alternativa para el cambio social, que incluye como estrategia base, el Edu-entretenimiento a través de la implementación de una guía para la realización de documentales sociales participativos. El objetivo principal de este proyecto, es el de fomentar el desarrollo de competencias comunicativas, en la zona rural del Retiro de los Indios perteneciente al municipio de Cereté – Córdoba, de forma tal que se propicie la construcción de ciudadanía de manera íntegra, participativa e incluyente y fortaleciendo de esta forma su papel como actores sociales visibles dentro de su comunidad, lo que respalda y valida la puesta en práctica de una eficiente estrategia de comunicación

Implicaciones ontológicas en el aprendizaje a partir del distanciamiento social impuesto por la pandemia COVID-19

The world pandemic situation affects all economics sector and specially education; the objective was to show new models of learning to mitigate the negative impacts of the pandemic. Qualitative and reflexive methodology is used from grounded theory, this paper proposes to the student, teacher and Higher Education Institution (HEI) from its ontology in teaching process with its features and B-learning method relation. It is concluded the relevance participation of HEI and government as fundamental actors to alleviate the negative impacts of COVID-19

lp-Recovery of the Most Significant Subspace among Multiple Subspaces with Outliers

We assume data sampled from a mixture of d-dimensional linear subspaces with spherically symmetric distributions within each subspace and an additional outlier component with spherically symmetric distribution within the ambient space (for simplicity we may assume that all distributions are uniform on their corresponding unit spheres). We also assume mixture weights for the different components. We say that one of the underlying subspaces of the model is most significant if its mixture weight is higher than the sum of the mixture weights of all other subspaces. We study the recovery of the most significant subspace by minimizing the lp-averaged distances of data points from d-dimensional subspaces, where p>0. Unlike other lp minimization problems, this minimization is non-convex for all p>0 and thus requires different methods for its analysis. We show that if 0<p<=1, then for any fraction of outliers the most significant subspace can be recovered by lp minimization with overwhelming probability (which depends on the generating distribution and its parameters). We show that when adding small noise around the underlying subspaces the most significant subspace can be nearly recovered by lp minimization for any 0<p<=1 with an error proportional to the noise level. On the other hand, if p>1 and there is more than one underlying subspace, then with overwhelming probability the most significant subspace cannot be recovered or nearly recovered. This last result does not require spherically symmetric outliers.Comment: This is a revised version of the part of 1002.1994 that deals with single subspace recovery. V3: Improved estimates (in particular for Lemma 3.1 and for estimates relying on it), asymptotic dependence of probabilities and constants on D and d and further clarifications; for simplicity it assumes uniform distributions on spheres. V4: minor revision for the published versio