Life Cycle Inventory for artisanal production of Macauba liquor in the territory of Serro / Minas Gerais

A Macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) é uma palmeira perene, com ampla produtividade. Presente em diferentes ecossistemas brasileiros, é encontrada na Região do Serro, Minas Gerais, como uma árvore nativa. Diante das diversas possibilidades de aproveitamento do fruto, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar os impactos ambientais advindos da produção do licor de macaúba, no território do Serro-MG, por meio da metodologia de Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida. O inventário realizado identificou um ciclo de vida que inclui 12 processos, desde o crescimento da fruta, até o consumo do licor. Por se tratar de uma bebida, cujo final do ciclo de vida gera resíduos passíveis de reuso e reciclagem, o principal impacto identificado refere-se às emissões de CO2 , advindas dos transportes necessários nos processos. Ainda assim, deve ser considerado o sequestro de carbono, realizado pelas próprias palmeiras de macaúba, durante seu crescimento.Macauba (Acrocomia aculeata) is a perennial palm tree, which has ample productivity. Present in different Brazilian ecosystems, it is found in the Serro Region, Minas Gerais, Brazil, as a native tree. Given the various possibilities of using the fruit, the objective of this paper is to analyse the environmental impacts arising from the production of macauba liquor, in the Serro-MG territory, through the Life Cycle Assessment methodology. The inventory carried out identified a life cycle that includes 12 processes, from the growth of the fruit to the consumption of the liquor. As it is a drink, the end of the life cycle of which generates waste that can be reused and recycled, the main impact identified refers to CO2 emissions, resulting from the necessary transport in the processes. Even so, carbon sequestration, carried out by the macauba palms themselves, during their growth must be considered

Monitoring fungal burden and viability of Sporothrix spp. in skin lesions of cats for predicting antifungal treatment response

Skin lesions in feline sporotrichosis usually present a high fungal burden, making cats an important source of infection. This study evaluated the fungal burden and isolation in skin lesions of feline sporotrichosis during treatment with itraconazole (ITZ), combined with or without potassium iodide (KI). Treatment-naïve cats with culture-confirmed sporotrichosis and presenting skin ulcers were treated for up to 40 weeks with oral ITZ alone (n = 74) or combined with KI (n = 56). These cats were submitted to monthly sampling of the same lesion for mycological culture and cytopathology until healing of lesion or up to twelve weeks. The fungal burden was expressed as the mean yeast cell count in three microscopic fields from imprint smears. The fungal burden before treatment was significantly higher in cats in which the lesion persisted and in cases of treatment failure when using ITZ alone. After twelve weeks, the median fungal burden decreased to zero in both treatment protocols, suggesting a potential decrease in the risk of transmission of Sporothrix spp. from cats. These findings encourage the early treatment of feline sporotrichosis as a control measure. Moreover, the fungal burden in feline sporotrichosis lesions can be a prognostic indicator and a parameter for choosing appropriate therapeutic regimen

Superação da pobreza e a nova classe média no campo

Serie NEAD EspecialA partir de uma análise aprofundada das mudanças nos últimos anos em áreas rurais, a superação da pobreza e da publicação da nova classe média no campo, esta publicação traz uma imagem interessante sobre o crescimento da renda e movimento entre classes econômicas no campo brasileiro

A ABORDAGEM SISTÊMICA E O CICLO DE VIDA DO LICOR DE MACAÚBA

The mechanistic model, based on linear thinking, has been producing an unsustainable, unhealthy and inhuman reality. The reassessment of production chains, in the light of systemic thinking, is urgent. Necessary are the understanding of the processes involved in the productive systems and the understanding of the interrelationships existing in them. Thus, the Life Cycle Assessment method presents itself as an effective technique to assess the environmental impacts caused by the system. Likewise, the context of the territory in which it is inserted must be considered. Therefore, this study sought to analyze the production of macaúba liquor in the territory of Serro (MG). The extractivism of macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata), a perennial palm tree in the region, is practiced in the territory, presenting potential for the creation, from the perspective of Systemic Design, of interconnected activities and the implementation of a macro-system. The analysis of the Life Cycle Inventory made it possible to observe a potential impact, related to global warming, linked to the emission of CO2 due to transport – although part of these emissions may be sequestered by the palm trees themselves. The problematic points observed can, however, be considered as 'levers for change', allowing the identification of new productive activities, generating work and income for the community.O modelo mecanicista, baseado no pensamento linear, vem produzindo uma realidade insustentável, doentia e desumana. Torna-se urgente a reavaliação das cadeias de produção, à luz do pensamento sistêmico. Necessários são a compreensão dos processos envolvidos nos sistemas produtivos e o entendimento das inter-relações existentes nos mesmos. Assim, o método de Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida se apresenta como técnica eficaz para avaliar os impactos ambientais provocados pelo sistema. Igualmente, o contexto do território no qual o mesmo está inserido deve ser considerado. Diante disto, este estudo buscou analisar a produção do licor de macaúba no território do Serro (MG). O extrativismo da macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata), palmeira perene da região, é praticado no território, apresentando potencial para criação, sob a perspectiva do Design Sistêmico, de atividades interconectadas e a implantação de um macrossistema. A análise do Inventário de Ciclo de Vida permitiu observar impacto potencial, relativo ao aquecimento global, ligado à emissão de CO2 devida aos transportes – embora possa haver sequestro de parte dessas emissões, pelas próprias palmeiras. Os pontos problemáticos observados podem ser, no entanto, considerados como ‘alavancas para mudanças’, permitindo a identificação de novas atividades produtivas, gerando trabalho e renda para a comunidade

A ABORDAGEM SISTÊMICA E O CICLO DE VIDA DO LICOR DE MACAÚBA

The mechanistic model, based on linear thinking, has been producing an unsustainable, unhealthy and inhuman reality. The reassessment of production chains, in the light of systemic thinking, is urgent. Necessary are the understanding of the processes involved in the productive systems and the understanding of the interrelationships existing in them. Thus, the Life Cycle Assessment method presents itself as an effective technique to assess the environmental impacts caused by the system. Likewise, the context of the territory in which it is inserted must be considered. Therefore, this study sought to analyze the production of macaúba liquor in the territory of Serro (MG). The extractivism of macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata), a perennial palm tree in the region, is practiced in the territory, presenting potential for the creation, from the perspective of Systemic Design, of interconnected activities and the implementation of a macro-system. The analysis of the Life Cycle Inventory made it possible to observe a potential impact, related to global warming, linked to the emission of CO2 due to transport – although part of these emissions may be sequestered by the palm trees themselves. The problematic points observed can, however, be considered as 'levers for change', allowing the identification of new productive activities, generating work and income for the community.O modelo mecanicista, baseado no pensamento linear, vem produzindo uma realidade insustentável, doentia e desumana. Torna-se urgente a reavaliação das cadeias de produção, à luz do pensamento sistêmico. Necessários são a compreensão dos processos envolvidos nos sistemas produtivos e o entendimento das inter-relações existentes nos mesmos. Assim, o método de Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida se apresenta como técnica eficaz para avaliar os impactos ambientais provocados pelo sistema. Igualmente, o contexto do território no qual o mesmo está inserido deve ser considerado. Diante disto, este estudo buscou analisar a produção do licor de macaúba no território do Serro (MG). O extrativismo da macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata), palmeira perene da região, é praticado no território, apresentando potencial para criação, sob a perspectiva do Design Sistêmico, de atividades interconectadas e a implantação de um macrossistema. A análise do Inventário de Ciclo de Vida permitiu observar impacto potencial, relativo ao aquecimento global, ligado à emissão de CO2 devida aos transportes – embora possa haver sequestro de parte dessas emissões, pelas próprias palmeiras. Os pontos problemáticos observados podem ser, no entanto, considerados como ‘alavancas para mudanças’, permitindo a identificação de novas atividades produtivas, gerando trabalho e renda para a comunidade

Monitoring fungal burden and viability of Sporothrix spp. in skin lesions of cats for predicting antifungal treatment response

Skin lesions in feline sporotrichosis usually present a high fungal burden, making cats an important source of infection. This study evaluated the fungal burden and isolation in skin lesions of feline sporotrichosis during treatment with itraconazole (ITZ), combined with or without potassium iodide (KI). Treatment-naïve cats with culture-confirmed sporotrichosis and presenting skin ulcers were treated for up to 40 weeks with oral ITZ alone (n = 74) or combined with KI (n = 56). These cats were submitted to monthly sampling of the same lesion for mycological culture and cytopathology until healing of lesion or up to twelve weeks. The fungal burden was expressed as the mean yeast cell count in three microscopic fields from imprint smears. The fungal burden before treatment was significantly higher in cats in which the lesion persisted and in cases of treatment failure when using ITZ alone. After twelve weeks, the median fungal burden decreased to zero in both treatment protocols, suggesting a potential decrease in the risk of transmission of Sporothrix spp. from cats. These findings encourage the early treatment of feline sporotrichosis as a control measure. Moreover, the fungal burden in feline sporotrichosis lesions can be a prognostic indicator and a parameter for choosing appropriate therapeutic regimen

Monitoring Fungal Burden and Viability of Sporothrix spp. in Skin Lesions of Cats for Predicting Antifungal Treatment Response

Skin lesions in feline sporotrichosis usually present a high fungal burden, making cats an important source of infection. This study evaluated the fungal burden and isolation in skin lesions of feline sporotrichosis during treatment with itraconazole (ITZ), combined with or without potassium iodide (KI). Treatment-naïve cats with culture-confirmed sporotrichosis and presenting skin ulcers were treated for up to 40 weeks with oral ITZ alone (n = 74) or combined with KI (n = 56). These cats were submitted to monthly sampling of the same lesion for mycological culture and cytopathology until healing of lesion or up to twelve weeks. The fungal burden was expressed as the mean yeast cell count in three microscopic fields from imprint smears. The fungal burden before treatment was significantly higher in cats in which the lesion persisted and in cases of treatment failure when using ITZ alone. After twelve weeks, the median fungal burden decreased to zero in both treatment protocols, suggesting a potential decrease in the risk of transmission of Sporothrix spp. from cats. These findings encourage the early treatment of feline sporotrichosis as a control measure. Moreover, the fungal burden in feline sporotrichosis lesions can be a prognostic indicator and a parameter for choosing appropriate therapeutic regimen

Clinical features, fungal load, coinfections, histological skin changes, and itraconazole treatment response of cats with sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis

SOUZA, Elaine Waite de et al. Clinical features, fungal load, coinfections, histological skin changes, and itraconazole treatment response of cats with sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis. Scientific Reports, v. 8, p. 1-10, 2018.Submitted by Rodrigo Menezes ([email protected]) on 2018-07-15T23:56:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_et_al-2018-Scientific_Reports.pdf: 1890404 bytes, checksum: d0fc4182b13d4a922bcba16273624d7e (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Dinelis ([email protected]) on 2018-07-30T18:13:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_et_al-2018-Scientific_Reports.pdf: 1890404 bytes, checksum: d0fc4182b13d4a922bcba16273624d7e (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-30T18:13:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_et_al-2018-Scientific_Reports.pdf: 1890404 bytes, checksum: d0fc4182b13d4a922bcba16273624d7e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.School of Veterinary Medicine. Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge. Los Angeles, USA.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Zoonotic sporotrichosis caused by the fungus Sporothrix brasiliensis is usually severe in cats. This study investigated the associations between clinical features, fungal load, coinfections, histological skin changes, and response to itraconazole in cats with sporotrichosis caused by S. brasiliensis. Fifty-two cats with skin lesions and a definitive diagnosis of sporotrichosis were treated with itraconazole for a maximum period of 36 weeks. The animals were submitted to clinical examination and two subsequent collections of samples from the same skin lesion for fungal diagnosis and histopathology, as well as serology for feline immunodeficiency (FIV) and leukaemia (FeLV) viruses. Thirty-seven (71%) cats were clinically cured. Nasal mucosa lesions and respiratory signs were associated with treatment failure. Cats coinfected with FIV/FeLV (n = 12) had a lower neutrophil count in the lesion. A high fungal load in skin lesions was linked to young age and treatment failure, as well as to a longer time of wound healing, poorly formed granulomas and fewer neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes in these lesions. These results indicate that itraconazole is effective, but nasal mucosal involvement, respiratory signs and high fungal loads in skin lesions are predictors of treatment failure that will assist in the development of better treatment protocols for cats