Estudo sobre amplificaçăo e deleçăo dos genes BCHE e ACHE em portadoras de câncer de mama esporádico /

Orientador: Ricardo Lehtonen Rodrigues de SouzaCo-orientadora: Eleidi Alice Chautard-Freire-MaiaInclui apęndiceDissertaçăo (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Cięncias Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduaçăo em Genética. Defesa: Curitiba, 2008Inclui bibliografi

Esophageal Perforation Associated with a Foreign Body in a Dog

Background: The esophagus is a tubular organ that connects the laryngopharynx to the stomach. This organ has three points of narrowing: the thoracic inlet, the base of the heart, and the diaphragmatic hiatus; these are common sites of obstruction by foreign bodies. Clinical signs of esophageal obstructions include sialorrhea, dysphagia, regurgitation, dehydration, and depression. The diagnosis is based on clinical examination, anamnesis, and complementary imaging. The treatment requires the removal of the foreign body. Herein, we report a case of esophageal perforation associated with a foreign body in a Spitz German treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco.Case: A 2-year-old female German Spitz was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (HV-UFRPE); she presented with recurrent drooling and emesis. According to the instructor, approximately five days after a party at the residence, the animal began to exhibit clinical signs. She was examined at a veterinary clinic, where she remained hospitalized for three days, without clinical improvement. She was then taken to the HV-UFRPE for further assessment. Upon physical examination, sialorrhea, hypercormed conjunctival mucosa, hyperthermia (41ºC), and regurgitation were observed. Imaging tests (simple radiography and ultrasonography), blood count, and a serum biochemistry panel (urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, and albumin) were requested. The radiographic examination revealed a pulmonary interstitial pattern and pleural effusion. Analysis of the thoracic fluid yielded results consistent with a septic exudate. No significant changes were observed on total abdominal ultrasonography. The hemogram showed thrombocytosis, leukocytosis with absolute neutrophilia, as well as relative and absolute monocytosis. Esophagoscopy was offered, but the test was not performed and the patient died 24 h after its, being heading for necropsy. On necropsy, diffuse fibrinous pleuropneumonia filling the thorax was observed. The heart showed concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle. The esophagus was obstructed by a food object, causing a necrotic, ulcerative esophagitis with perforation. In the abdominal cavity, hepatic and renal congestion were observed along with early-phase gestation (first trimester). Other organs lacked significant changes, and the cause of death was attributed to septic shock secondary to esophageal perforation. Tissue samples from the heart, lungs, and esophagus were obtained for histopathological examination. Diagnoses included cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and heart congestion, subacute interstitial pneumonia, diffuse chronic pulmonary edema, and necrotizing ulcerative esophagitis.Discussion: The presence of an esophageal foreign body is considered a veterinary emergency. Small-breed dogs are more often affected by foreign bodies, as are young animals with a depraved appetite and lack of selectivity with respect to food. The most common foreign bodies reported in literature are bones, as they are frequently offered to pets. In this report, a carrot caused esophageal obstruction. Current literature recommends that a complete anamnesis and physical examination, including cervical and thoracic radiography, be performed in animals with suspected foreign material in their esophagus. This case contextualizes a problem that requires full attention, directly related to a dog’s accessibility to and consumption of objects or foods that can result in esophageal obstruction. Therefore, education by the instructor is considered essential in the prevention of these conditions

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Estudo sobre amplificaçăo e deleçăo dos genes BCHE e ACHE em portadoras de câncer de mama esporádico /

Orientador: Ricardo Lehtonen Rodrigues de SouzaCo-orientadora: Eleidi Alice Chautard-Freire-MaiaInclui apęndiceDissertaçăo (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Cięncias Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduaçăo em Genética. Defesa: Curitiba, 2008Inclui bibliografi

Prevalence of medicines used by mentally-ill individuals of APAE, in Londrina <br> Prevalência de medicamentos utilizados por portadores de retardo mental da APAE de Londrina-Pr

Mental retardation (MR), after years of mites and beliefs, finally was considered to be a neurological affection that should be treated by a medical intervention. Psychotropic drugs, if correctly prescribed, are able to improve the capacity of MR individuals to productively interact socially and reintegrate themselves to the society. This work has as an objective to quantify, by a descriptive study, the frequency of use of medicines by students of the APAE (Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais) from Londrina-PR, characterize those drugs and relate them to mental pathologies of major prevalence in the institution. To accomplish the objectives, a pool was conducted on a population of 147 students registered during the period from January/1989 to May/ 2003. The results shown the following medicines: antiepiletic (52.4%), neuroleptics (3.4%), hematopoietics (2.7%), anticolinergics and pro-kinetics agents (0.7%) each. Fenobarbital was the most evident among the antiepiletic (29.8%). The prevalence of those drugs was higher among individuals with cerebral palsy (62.1%) and lower for the Down syndrome group (17,24%). As a conclusion, we consider necessary to conduct research projects focusing on the dynamic of the personnel affected by MR, as well as to provide social assistance to destitute families. <p><p>O retardo mental (RM), após anos de crenças e misticismos, finalmente passou a ser considerado uma afecção neurológica que deve ser tratada com intervenção médica. As drogas psicotrópicas, se administradas corretamente, podem permitir que os acometidos de RM recuperem a capacidade de interação social produtiva e reintegrem-se à sociedade. Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar, por meio de estudo descritivo, a freqüência da utilização de medicamentos utilizados pelos alunos da APAE (Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais) de Londrina-PR, caracterizar essas drogas e relacionálas com as patologias mentais de maior prevalência na instituição. Para tanto, foi estudada uma população de 147 alunos matriculados no período de janeiro de 1989 a maio de 2003. Os medicamentos em uso encontrados foram: anticonvulsivantes, 52,4%, neurolépticos, 3,4%, hematopoiéticos, 2,7%, anticolinérgicos e agentes pró-cinéticos, 0,7% cada. Dentre os anticonvulsivantes, salientou-se o fenobarbital, com 29,8%. A prevalência desses fármacos foi maior nos acometidos por paralisia cerebral, 62,1%, e menor nos portadores de síndrome de Down, 17,24%. Em conclusão, consideramos a necessidade de implementar projetos de pesquisa que focalizem a dinâmica dos profissionais que trabalham com portadores de RM, bem como de assistência social às famílias carentes

Mutagenic activity promoted by amentoflavone and methanolic extract of Byrsonima crassa Niedenzu

Byrsonima crassa is a plant pertaining to the Brazilian central savannah-like belt of vegetation and popularly used for the treatment of gastric dysfunctions and diarrhoea. The methanol extract contains catechin, tannins, terpenes and flavonoids; both mutagenic potential and antioxidant properties have been ascribed to flavonoids. The mutagenicity of some flavonoids is believed to be associated with the formation of reactive oxygen species and seems to depend on the number and position of hydroxyl groups. In the present study the mutagenic activity of the methanol, chloroform and 80% aqueous methanol extracts, as well as acetate and aqueous sub-fractions, of this medicinal plant were evaluated by Salmonella typhimurium assay, using strains 100, TA98, TA102 and TA97a, and in mouse reticulocytes. The results showed mutagenic activity of the methanolic extract in the TA98 strain without S9, but no mutagenicity to mouse cells in any of the extracts. The acetate fraction showed strong signs of mutagenicity without S9, suggesting that in this enriched fraction were concentrated the compounds that induced mutagenic activity. The aqueous fraction showed no mutagenic activity. The TLC and HSCCC analyses of the acetate fraction with some standard compounds permitted the isolation of the quercetin-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside, amentoflavone, methyl gallate and (+)-catechin, of which only the amentoflavone exhibited positive mutagenicity to TA98 (+S9, -S9). (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved

<b>Afecções neurológicas associadas ao retardo mental em alunos de uma instituição especializada de Londrina, Estado do Paraná</b> - DOI: 10.4025/actascihealthsci.v28i1.1096

Retardo mental (RM) é um estado de desenvolvimento intelectual alterado que dificulta a integração social do indivíduo. Nosso objetivo foi estudar 147 portadores de RM, alunos da APAE de Londrina, Estado do Paraná, matriculados de 1989 a 2003. Através de um estudo descritivo, avaliamos a prevalência de neuropatologias em relação ao sexo, ao tipo de parto a que o afetado foi submetido, à idade materna ao nascimento e ao histórico de RM nas famílias. As patologias encontradas foram: RM – casos isolados, 34,8%; síndrome de Down (SD), 19,7%; paralisia cerebral (PC), 19,7%; outras síndromes, 15,6%; dislexia, 6,8%, e distúrbio comportamental, 3,4%. Dentre as variáveis que apresentaram maior diferença destacam-se: sexo, na diplegia-PC, 3 homens:1 mulher; tipo de parto, na hemiplegia-PC, 10 normais: 1 cesariana; e história familiar de RM entre os portadores de SD, 24,1%. Entre os portadores de RM filhos de mãe com idade avançada (>41 anos), a SD apresentou maior prevalência (50%

Afecções neurológicas associadas ao retardo mental em alunos de uma instituição especializada de Londrina, Estado do Paraná = Neural affections associated with mental retardation in students from Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil

Retardo mental (RM) é um estado de desenvolvimento intelectual alterado que dificulta a integração social do indivíduo. Nosso objetivo foi estudar 147 portadores de RM, alunos da APAE de Londrina, Estado do Paraná, matriculados de 1989 a 2003. Através deum estudo descritivo, avaliamos a prevalência de neuropatologias em relação ao sexo, ao tipo de parto a que o afetado foi submetido, à idade materna ao nascimento e ao histórico de RM nas famílias. As patologias encontradas foram: RM – casos isolados, 34,8%; síndrome deDown (SD), 19,7%; paralisia cerebral (PC), 19,7%; outras síndromes, 15,6%; dislexia, 6,8%, e distúrbio comportamental, 3,4%. Dentre as variáveis que apresentaram maior diferença destacam-se: sexo, na diplegia-PC, 3 homens:1 mulher; tipo de parto, na hemiplegia-PC, 10normais: 1 cesariana; e história familiar de RM entre os portadores de SD, 24,1%. Entre os portadores de RM filhos de mãe com idade avançada (>41 anos), a SD apresentou maior prevalência (50%).Mental Retardation (MR) is an altered state of intellectual development that makes the social integration of individuals difficult. The objective was to study 147 MR individuals, registered students of APAE, from the city of Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil, from 1989 to 2003. Through a descriptive approach, we were able to assess the prevalence of neural pathologies in relation to gender, the kind of birth delivery the individuals have undergone, the age of their mothers at their birth, and the MR family history. The following diseases were found: MR – isolated cases, 34.8%; DownSyndrome (DS), 19.7%; cerebral palsy (CP), 19.7%; other syndromes, 15.6%; dyslexia, 6.8%; and behavior disturbance, 3.4%. Among the variables that showed large differences were: the gender, in diplegia-CP, 3male:1female; kind of birth delivery, in hemiplegia-CP,10normal:1cesarean; family history of MR among DS individuals, 24.1%. Among the MR individuals from elder mothers (>41 years old), DS was more frequent (50%)