Análise comparativa da qualidade de panificaçao e rendimento de graos entre tritórdeo hexaplóide e outros cereais de inverno

A duplicação cromossômica dos híbridos entre Hordeum chilense e Triticum turgidum conv. durum originou o tritórdeo hexaplóide (X Tritordeum Ascherson et Graebner), um novo cereal cujas características estão sendo avaliadas. Com o objetivo de obter maiores informações sobre o potencial do tritórdeo para a qualidade de panificação e componentes do rendimento de grãos, foi instalado em 1996 em Córdoba, Espanha, um experimento de campo com três repetições. O desempenho de três linhagens de tritórdeo foi comparado com o rendimento de duas variedades comerciais de trigo, duas de trigo duro e quatro de triticale. O conjunto de resultados indicou perspectivas do tritórdeo para o desenvolvimento de variedades altamente produtivas com aceitável qualidade de panificação, especialmente por se tratar de uma espécie nova e ainda pouco melhoradaChromosome duplication of hybrids between Hordeum chilense and Triticum turgidum conv. durum originated a new cereal, of which characteristics for cropping being evaluated, the hexaploid tritordeum (X Tritordeum Ascherson et Graebner). In order to have more information about breadmaking quality and grain yield components in tritordeum, are a field experiment with three replications was carried out during the growing season of 1996 in Córdoba, Spain. Performance of three tritordeum lines was compared with two varieties of wheat, two of durum wheat and four of triticale. Results allow to expect the development of high yielding varieties of tritordeum with acceptable breadmaking qualit

El análisis bayesiano y la precisión de los valores de la heredabilidad en especies perennes

The objectives of the present work were to evaluate the precision of the estimate of heritability, which was determined by standard error, considering a Bayesian approach, and to compare such estimate with the classic procedure. Data from progeny trial of 39 Eucalyptus cladocalyx families were used. Trunk basal diameter (measured at age 6) was the dependent variable analyzed. The Bayesian approach was implemented by using the Independence Chain algorithm with informative priors, which had a lower standard deviation of the heritability than both the classic method of Robertson and Jeffreys’ prior distribution (Jeffreys’ prior is in fact a class of uninformative and often improper prior distributions). The Bayesian approach is a valuable inference tool for the genetic evaluation of perennial species, because it considers the variability of the parameters by using posterior distributions.Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron evaluar la precisión del valor estimado de la heredabilidad determinada por medio de la desviación estándar, considerando un enfoque Bayesiano, y comparar tal estimativa con el procedimiento clásico. Se utilizaron datos de un ensayo de progenie con 39 familias de Eucalyptus cladocalyx. La variable dependiente usada fue el diámetro basal del fuste medido a los seis años de edad. El método Bayesiano fue implementado por medio del algoritmo de Cadenas Independientes, con informaciones a priori informativas, el cual entregó bajos valores de desviaciones estándar de la heredabilidad, si comparado con la estimación clásica de Robertson y distribución a priori de Jeffreys (la cual es una clase de distribución a priori no informativa y a menudo impropia). El método de análisis Bayesiano es una herramienta de inferencia valiosa para la evaluación genética de especies perennes, ya que considera la variabilidad de los parámetros por medio de las distribuciones a posteriori

QTL mapping of soybean cyst nematode race 9: a generalized linear modeling approach

The Female Index (FI) is a relative measure of host suitability of a soybean line for a particular nematode population and often shows a non-normal distribution. Moreover, most quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping methods assume that the phenotype follows a normal distribution such as composite interval mapping (CIM). Therefore, a generalized linear modeling (GLM) approach was employed to map QTL for resistance to race 9 of the soybean cyst nematode (SCN) using a total of 83 simple sequence repeat markers (SSR). Two GLM models were tested: model 1, where the FI was treated as a continuous variable, assuming a Gamma distribution with a logarithmic link function; and model 2, where the FI was treated as a categorical trait in a five-item hierarchy, assuming a multinomial distribution with a cumulative logit link function. The FI data of 108 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) confirmed the non-normal distribution for race 9 of the SCN (Shapiro-Wilk?s w=0.86, P<0.0001, skewness=1.52 and kurtosis=2.93). Eight RIL were confirmed to be resistant (FI≤10), and 23 to be highly susceptible (FI≥100). Both GLM models identified one QTL for SCN on the molecular linkage group G, between the markers Satt275 and Satt038 at 48.4 centiMorgans (P=0.017 and 0.033, for models 1 and 2, respectively). Additionally, these results were also compared with the CIM and Bayesian interval mapping (BIM) methods, assuming experimental data with a non-normal response, to determine the robustness and statistical power of these two methods for mapping QTLs. The results make clear that generalized linear modeling approach can be used as an efficient method to map QTLs in a continuous trait with a non-Gaussian distribution. CIM and BIM were robust enough for a reliable mapping of QTLs underlying nonnormally distributed data.Fil: Arriagada, Osvin. Universidad de Talca; ChileFil: Ferreira, Marcia F. S.. Universidade Federal Do Espirito Santo; BrasilFil: Cervigni, Gerardo Domingo Lucio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Rosario. Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (i); ArgentinaFil: Schuster, Ivan. Central Cooperative for Agricultural Research; BrasilFil: Scapim, Carlos A.. Universidade Estadual de Maringá; BrasilFil: Mora, Freddy. Universidad de Talca; Chil

The bayesian approach and the precision of the heritability estimate in perennial species

Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron evaluar la precisi\uf3n del valor estimado de la heredabilidad determinada por medio de la desviaci\uf3n est\ue1ndar, considerando un enfoque Bayesiano, y comparar tal estimativa con el procedimiento cl\ue1sico. Se utilizaron datos de un ensayo de progenie con 39 familias de Eucalyptus cladocalyx. La variable dependiente usada fue el di\ue1metro basal del fuste medido a los seis a\uf1os de edad. El m\ue9todo Bayesiano fue implementado por medio del algoritmo de Cadenas Independientes, con informaciones a priori informativas, el cual entreg\uf3 bajos valores de desviaciones est\ue1ndar de la heredabilidad, si comparado con la estimaci\uf3n cl\ue1sica de Robertson y distribuci\uf3n a priori de Jeffreys (la cual es una clase de distribuci\uf3n a priori no informativa y a menudo impropia). El m\ue9todo de an\ue1lisis Bayesiano es una herramienta de inferencia valiosa para la evaluaci\uf3n gen\ue9tica de especies perennes, ya que considera la variabilidad de los par\ue1metros por medio de las distribuciones a posteriori.The objectives of the present work were to evaluate the precision of the estimate of heritability, which was determined by standard error, considering a Bayesian approach, and to compare such estimate with the classic procedure. Data from progeny trial of 39 Eucalyptus cladocalyx families were used. Trunk basal diameter (measured at age 6) was the dependent variable analyzed. The Bayesian approach was implemented by using the Independence Chain algorithm with informative priors, which had a lower standard deviation of the heritability than both the classic method of Robertson and Jeffreys\u2019 prior distribution (Jeffreys\u2019 prior is in fact a class of uninformative and often improper prior distributions). The Bayesian approach is a valuable inference tool for the genetic evaluation of perennial species, because it considers the variability of the parameters by using posterior distributions

Bioregulator application, agronomic efficiency, and quality of soybean seeds

The application of vegetal bioregulators has shown promising results, mainly in cultures that have already reached a high level of technology. Based on this context an experiment was carried out with the objective of evaluating agronomic traits of plants, such as yield and quality of seeds, produced by applying bioregulators to a soybean crop. For this purpose, the following treatments were carried out: before sowing - seed treatment (25, 50 and 75 mL for 100 kg-1 seeds); during sowing time - spraying on the sowing lines (pulverization onto the sowing lines) (50, 100 and 150 mL ha-1); between stages V5 and V6 (25, 50 and 75 mL ha-1); and the control - no treatment. Emergence speed, final seedling emergence, number of pods and seeds per plant, average height of plants, first pod insertion height, duration of the cycle, final stand, degree of plant layering, and the yield and weight of one thousand seeds were evaluated. The quality of seeds was evaluated based on germination, classification of seedling vigor, tetrazolium, health test and the quantity of oil and protein tests. The highest yield of grains, an increase of 92% as compared to the control, was obtained when using the product at a dose of 75 mL ha-1. The best quality seeds and the highest oil and protein content were obtained from seeds produced by plants whose seeds were treated before sowing time using the bioregulator (75 mL for 100 kg-1 seeds).A aplicação de bioreguladores vegetais tem apresentado resultados promissores, principalmente nas culturas que atingiram nível elevado de tecnologia. Com base nesse contexto, instalou-se um experimento, com objetivo de avaliar o desempenho agronômico das plantas, a produtividade e a qualidade das sementes produzidas com aplicação de biorregulador na cultura da soja. Para tal, realizaram-se os seguintes tratamentos: antes da semeadura, tratamento de sementes (25; 50 e 75 mL para 100 kg-1 de sementes); na semeadura, pulverização dirigida no sulco de plantio (50; 100 e 150 mL ha-1); entre os estádios V5 e V6, pulverização foliar (25; 50 e 75 mL ha-1) mais a testemunha sem tratamento. Avaliou-se a velocidade de emergência, emergência final das plântulas, número de vagens e de sementes por planta, altura média das plantas, altura de inserção das primeiras vagens, duração do ciclo, estande final, grau de acamamento das plantas, produtividade e massa de mil sementes; a qualidade das sementes por meio dos testes de germinação, classificação do vigor das plântulas, tetrazólio e sanidade. Foram avaliados, ainda, os teores de óleo e de proteínas nas sementes. A maior produtividade de sementes foi obtida com a aplicação foliar do produto na dose de 75 mL ha-1 com incremento superior a 92% em relação à testemunha. A melhor qualidade de sementes e os maiores teores de óleo e proteínas foram obtidos nas sementes oriundas de plantas que tiveram suas sementes tratadas antes da semeadura com 75 mL 100 kg-1 do bioregulador

Diallel analysis and prediction of untested maize single cross hybrids

Popcorn (Zea mays everta) is a popular snack food and very appreciated in Brazil, presenting higher aggregate value when compared with field corn. The aim of this study were to identify superior inbred lines and single crosses hybrids (SH) for popcorn traits, as well as the prediction of the performance of untested single cross hybrids. Sixteen maize inbred lines were crossed in a 9x7 partial diallel, but it was possible to evaluate 47 single crosses in two distinct locations. Predicted genetic values, diallel analysis and the prediction of untested HS were performed by mixed models. Deviance effects for treatments x locations were considered non-significant (p>0.05) for grain yield (GY) and popping expansion (PE), showing an average performance from the HS in the locations. Inbred lines P5-1, P3.3T, GER-P3, P9-1, P12-2 and GER-P12 were selected considering the general combining ability, and should be used for obtaining superior genotypes. Based on the non-additive effects, the single hybrid P3.3T x GERP-P12 was selected for grain yield and popping expansion, and could be exploited in future trials. Neither of the untested single crosses showed desirable performance for grain yield and popcorn expansion

Partial diallel analysis of maize inbred lines for grain yield and resistance to gray leaf spot including reciprocal effects

The use of diallel crosses for breeding of disease-resistant genotypes with high grain yield is a common practice in maize (Zea mays L.) breeding programs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the grain yield and resistance to gray leaf spot of maize inbred lines and hybrids, including reciprocals, using a new diallel model approach, described in a recent publication, to estimate the effects of general and specific combining abilities and reciprocal effects partitioned in maternal and cytoplasmic effects. For a simultaneous increase in grain yield and genetic resistance to gray leaf spot, D3 is the most promising inbred line for future combinations, in view of the positive GCA effects for grain yield and negative effects for C. zeina severity. The hybrid combinations D2 x F3, D3 x F5 and D4 x F3 should be used in future field trials. Based on the estimates of the reciprocal effects, D6 is recommended as female parent in hybrid combinations for resistance to Cercospora zeina

Épocas de semeadura e qualidade de sementes de soja

Considering the difficulties of producing high quality soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] seeds during the traditional cropping period in some areas of the State of Paraná, Brazil, a research project was carried out with the objective of evaluating the influence of sowing dates on the physiological and sanitary quality of seeds, during the 1998/99 and 1999/00 cropping seasons, in Maringá, PR, Brazil. The experiment consisted of five cultivar competition assays, arranged in a completely randomized block design, with each assay sown at different dates (10/15, 10/30, 11/15, 11/30 and 12/15) for each cropping season. The evaluated cultivars were BRS 132 (early), BRS 133 (semi-early), BR 16 (semi-early), BRS 134 (intermediate) and FT- Estrela (late). Seeds obtained at the sowing dates were evaluated in the laboratory by germination, accelerated aging, and health tests. Sowing in November resulted in seeds with superior physiological and health quality. Cultivar BRS 133 showed the greatest stability in seed production with better quality for the different sowing dates. Cultivars BRS 134 and BRS 133, which were sown during the period from 10/15 to 11/30, produced seeds that had higher percentages of normal seedlings in the germination and accelerated aging tests. Advancing or delaying sowing dates had adverse effects on soybean seed production with regard to their sanitary quality.Considerando as dificuldades encontradas na produção de sementes de soja [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] com alta qualidade, na época de cultivo tradicional, em algumas regiões do Estado do Paraná, foi realizado um trabalho com o objetivo de avaliar a influência da época de semeadura na qualidade fisiológica e sanitária das sementes de cinco cultivares de soja, em dois anos agrícolas 1998/99 e 1999/00, na região de Maringá - PR. O experimento foi constituído de cinco ensaios de competição de cultivares com delineamento em blocos completos casualizados, semeando-se um ensaio em cada época de semeadura (15/10, 30/10, 15/11, 30/11 e 15/12) e anos agrícolas. Os cultivares avaliados foram: BRS 132 (precoce), BRS 133 (semiprecoce), BR 16 (semiprecoce), BRS 134 (médio) e FT- Estrela (tardio). Em laboratório, a qualidade das sementes provenientes das épocas de semeadura foram avaliadas pelos testes de germinação, envelhecimento acelerado (41ºC por 48 horas) e sanidade (método do papel-filtro). A semeadura realizada em novembro foi mais favorável à obtenção de sementes de melhor qualidade fisiológica e sanitária. O cultivar BRS 133 apresentou maior estabilidade na produção de sementes de melhor qualidade nas diferentes épocas de semeadura avaliadas. Os cultivares BRS 134 e BRS 133, que foram semeados de 15/10 a 30/11, produziram sementes que apresentaram as maiores porcentagens de plântulas normais nos testes de germinação e de envelhecimento acelerado. Tanto a antecipação quanto o retardamento da época de semeadura foram desfavoráveis à produção de sementes de soja com relação à qualidade sanitária

Evaluation of phenotypic stability of cassava clones by AMMI analysis in northwestern Paraná state

High yield stability and adaptability of storage root are highly desirable attributes of cassava clones. Theobjective of this study was therefore to evaluate the effect of the genotype x environment interaction (G x E) and the stability ofcassava clones developed at IAC. A subset of eight cassava genotypes was chosen in trials of storage root yield, arranged ina randomized complete block design with four replications, in two counties (Araruna and Maringá), in the northwesternregion of Paraná State, over five growing seasons (1997-2001). The G x E interaction was evaluated by joint varianceanalysis and stability and adaptability by AMMI analysis. The G x E interaction was significant (P<0.05) for storage rootyield. Results indicated AMMI analysis as an efficient tool for the evaluation of phenotypic adaptability and stability of cassavaclones and IAC 190 as the most promising clone