Agronomic appraisal of soybean genotypes (Glycine max (L.) Merril) Merril) of intermediate vegetative cycle in the humid Costarrican tropic

De junio a setiembre de 1984, se realizó un experimento para estudiar el comportamiento agronómico de 15 genotipos de soya (Glycine max (L.) Merril) en el trópico húmeda de Costa Rica (Turrialba, Cartago). Los genotipos con mayor producción de grano fueron Papillón, SIATSA 194A, TSX 297-192C y TGX-536-100C, con rendimientos superiores a 3 t/ha. Papillón mostró varías características deseables como granos de color crema y de tamaño grande, plantas de porte erecto, con altura a las primeras vainas adecuadas para la recolección mecánica y usa extensivo.Agronomic appraisal of soybean genotypes (Glycine max (L.) Merril) Merril) of intermediate vegetative cycle in the humid Costarrican tropic. An assay was conducted, from June through September 1984, in order to study the agronomic performance of 15 soybean genotypes (Glycine max (L.) Merril). in the humed Costarrican tropic (Turrialba-Cartago, Costa Rica. The highest producing genotypes were Papillón, SIATSA 194A, TGX 297 – 192 C and TGX-536-100 C, with yields of over 3 t/ha. Papillón showed several desirable characteristics as large cream colored grains, upright standing plants and an adequate height of lower pods which allows a mechanical harvesting.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Agroalimentarias::Estación Experimental Agrícola Fabio Baudrit Moreno (EEAFBM

Prevalencia del enteroparasitismo e intensidad de infección por geohelmintos en niños del distrito de Quellouno, La Convención (Cusco, Perú)

En diferentes áreas geográficas, resultan necesarias las investigaciones relacionadas con la prevalencia del enteroparasitismo a fin de sugerir apropiadas medidas de control. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar la prevalencia del enteroparasitismo, así como la intensidad de infección por geohelmintos en niños de 2 a 9 años de edad de las Comunidades del Distrito de Quellouno, provincia de la Convención (Cusco, Perú), entre enero y abril del 2009 y su asociación con factores epidemiológicos. Se recolectó muestras fecales de 304 niños de ambos sexos, las cuales fueron procesadas mediante las técnicas: directa, con solución salina fisiológica y lugol, y de Sugar-Sheather; asimismo, las muestras positivas a larvas rabditoides fueron analizadas utilizando la técnica de Harada-Mori, para determinar la especie presente y las positivas a geohelmintos fueron procesadas utilizando la técnica de Kato-Katz cuantitativa, para determinar la intensidad de infección. Se encontró que: (i) la prevalencia global fue de 86.2%, (ii) las prevalencias halladas no se relacionan con el sexo, sí con la edad (los niños de seis y siete años estuvieron más parasitados,), con el tipo de agua de consumo y con el lugar de defecación, (iii) Entamoeba coli (61.2%) y Ascaris lumbricoides (66.8%) fueron los más prevalentes y (iv) la intensidad de infección por geohelmintos fue mediana y leve.Palabras clave: Enteroparásitos, Geohelmintos, Harada-Mori, ancilostomideos, Kato-Kat

Efeito da Redução do IPI no Setor de Construção Civil Brasileiro de 2008 a 2013

This article aims to investigate the influence the rate of the Tax on Industrialized Products on the growth of the construction industry between the years from 2008 to 2013, through descriptive and multiple regression statistical analysis. The results revealed that the Tax on Industrialized Products exemption affected the growth of the gross income of construction companies, as well as greater availability of mortgages in the market. The contribution of this study is the demonstration of the effectiveness of fiscal policy through tax exemption adopted in order to minimize the effects of the economic crisis

Crecimiento físico y estado nutricional de adolescentes escolares

Objectives: To determine physical growth parameters and to assess nutritional status of school adolescents. Design: Descriptive comparative study. Institution: Liceo Naval Admiral Lizardo Montero, Lima, Peru. Participants: Adolescents aged 12-15 years. Interventions: A non-probability selection of 501 school children of both sexes (251 men and 250 women) was done. Variables determined included weight and height. Mean, standard deviation, percentages, t-test for independent samples and paired (p <0.05) and chi-square (p<0.05) analysis were done. Main outcome measures: Variables of growth and nutritional status. Results: Compared to international references, there were no significant differences (p <0.05) in weight and height by sex in adolescents. The nutritional status showed higher proportion of well nourished subjects (74.5% in men and 75.6% in women) compared with low birth weight (2% in men, 0.8% in women), overweight (16.3% in men and 20.4 in women) and obesity (7.2% in men and 3.2% in women). Conclusions: Physical growth pattern was similar to international reference values but the high prevalence of overweight in both sexes suggests a public health problem.Objetivos: Determinar los parámetros del crecimiento físico y valorar el estado nutricional de adolescentes escolares. Diseño: Descriptivo comparativo. Institución: Liceo Naval Contralmirante Lizardo Montero, Lima, Perú. Participantes: Adolescentes de 12 a 15 años. Intervenciones: De forma no-probabilística (accidental) se seleccionó 501 escolares de ambos sexos (251 hombres y 250 mujeres). Los escolares pertenecían al Liceo Naval Contralmirante Lizardo Montero de Lima. Se evaluó las variables de peso y estatura. Los datos fueron analizados a través de la media aritmética, desviación estándar, porcentajes, prueba t para muestras independientes y apareadas (p<0,05) y chi cuadrado (p<0,05). Principales medidas de resultados: Variables de crecimiento y estado nutricional. Resultados: No hubo diferencias significativas (p<0,05) en peso y estatura en adolescentes de ambos sexos respecto a la referencia internacional. En el estado nutricional se observó mayor proporción de eutróficos (74,5% en hombres y 75,6% en mujeres), teniendo peso bajo 2% de los hombres y 0,8% de mujeres, sobrepeso 16,3% varones y 20,4 mujeres, y obesidad 7,2% hombres y 3,2% mujeres. Conclusiones: Los resultados sugieren similar patrón de crecimiento físico que la referencia internacional y elevados valores de prevalencia de sobrepeso en ambos sexos, lo cual sugiere un problema de salud pública

Autonomous measurement system for photovoltaic and radiometer soiling losses

Soiling can greatly reduce both the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) installations and the signals of radiometers. The knowledge of the current soiling losses of a PV installation can be used to optimize the cleaning schedule and to avoid false alarms related to other issues that might cause underperformance. Underperformance can be detected by comparing measured to modeled PV production derived using pyranometer or reference cell measurements. Soiled pyranometers or reference cells lead to too low modeled PV production so that PV soiling or other errors might not be detected. So far, soiling sensors either require frequent cleaning or they use indirect measurements to derive the soiling loss (e.g., analysis of backscattering signal or imaging of dust on a glass surface). Currently, the soiling loss of pyranometers or outdoor reference cells uses the comparison to another frequently cleaned device of the same model. To avoid time-consuming maintenance of the sensors and to avoid additional sensors as much as possible, we developed a new method for measuring PV and radiometer soiling losses. The method makes use of a characterized lamp that is protected from soiling by a collimator and that illuminates the pyranometer or reference cell each night for some time. Comparing the signals of one night to the signal obtained at a night shortly after the last cleaning of the sensor, its soiling loss can be derived. To validate the measurements of soiling losses for the pyranometer and the reference cell, the soiling losses of the devices are also derived by comparing their signals to those of a clean sensor of the same type. These reference instruments are calibrated relative to the test devices so that deviations indicate the soiling loss of the test sensors. The first outdoor tests with 4 months of data show a good agreement with the reference measurements of the soiling losses. The accuracy of the method is estimated to be similar to that of the reference method, which involves the daily cleaning of the reference devices

A Benchmark of Simple Measurement Systems for Direct Irradiance

Accurate direct normal irradiance (DNI) measurements are essential for the design and the operation of concentrating solar power systems. Several measurement systems for DNI are available to users, but all commonly used systems still have drawbacks. Sun trackers with pyranometers and a pyrheliometer are expensive and require permanent checks and maintenance by qualified personnel, for example due to tracking errors and soiling effects. Simpler, i.e. more economic and robust sensors may have shortcomings regarding accuracy under various atmospheric conditions and might not be significantly less susceptible to soiling and user errors. Validations and benchmarking of simple radiometers for solar energy applications have been presented. To the best of our knowledge, no benchmarking study is available which evaluates some more recent simple measurement systems which are relevant for solar applications in 2023. Furthermore, most previous benchmarking studies did not measure atmospheric parameters like circumsolar irradiance which may directly influence the measurements of these sensors. We close this gap by benchmarking relevant measurement systems (Rotating Shadowband Irradiometer RSI and Rotating Shadowband Pyranometer RSP 4G; Delta-T SPN1, EKO MS-90, PyranoCam, Sunto CaptPro) at multiple sites. We also evaluate the influence of relevant atmospheric parameters which we measure with dedicated instruments at one site. We include the PyranoCam system in our benchmarking, a novel radiometer system suitable for all solar irradiance components including DNI. It consists of a pyranometer and a fisheye camera that takes photos of the whole sky and employs a combined physical and machine-learning model. The results of the study provide improved estimates of the sensors’ accuracies for a specific application and climatic condition and can assist in the development of corrections for the sensor technologies

American palm ethnomedicine: A meta-analysis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Many recent papers have documented the phytochemical and pharmacological bases for the use of palms (<it>Arecaceae</it>) in ethnomedicine. Early publications were based almost entirely on interviews that solicited local knowledge. More recently, ethnobotanically guided searches for new medicinal plants have proven more successful than random sampling for identifying plants that contain biodynamic ingredients. However, limited laboratory time and the high cost of clinical trials make it difficult to test all potential medicinal plants in the search for new drug candidates. The purpose of this study was to summarize and analyze previous studies on the medicinal uses of American palms in order to narrow down the search for new palm-derived medicines.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Relevant literature was surveyed and data was extracted and organized into medicinal use categories. We focused on more recent literature than that considered in a review published 25 years ago. We included phytochemical and pharmacological research that explored the importance of American palms in ethnomedicine.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Of 730 species of American palms, we found evidence that 106 species had known medicinal uses, ranging from treatments for diabetes and leishmaniasis to prostatic hyperplasia. Thus, the number of American palm species with known uses had increased from 48 to 106 over the last quarter of a century. Furthermore, the pharmacological bases for many of the effects are now understood.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Palms are important in American ethnomedicine. Some, like <it>Serenoa repens </it>and <it>Roystonea regia</it>, are the sources of drugs that have been approved for medicinal uses. In contrast, recent ethnopharmacological studies suggested that many of the reported uses of several other palms do not appear to have a strong physiological basis. This study has provided a useful assessment of the ethnobotanical and pharmacological data available on palms.</p

A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic

Finding communication strategies that effectively motivate social distancing continues to be a global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-country, preregistered experiment (n = 25,718 from 89 countries) tested hypotheses concerning generalizable positive and negative outcomes of social distancing messages that promoted personal agency and reflective choices (i.e., an autonomy-supportive message) or were restrictive and shaming (i.e., a controlling message) compared with no message at all. Results partially supported experimental hypotheses in that the controlling message increased controlled motivation (a poorly internalized form of motivation relying on shame, guilt, and fear of social consequences) relative to no message. On the other hand, the autonomy-supportive message lowered feelings of defiance compared with the controlling message, but the controlling message did not differ from receiving no message at all. Unexpectedly, messages did not influence autonomous motivation (a highly internalized form of motivation relying on one’s core values) or behavioral intentions. Results supported hypothesized associations between people’s existing autonomous and controlled motivations and self-reported behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing. Controlled motivation was associated with more defiance and less long-term behavioral intention to engage in social distancing, whereas autonomous motivation was associated with less defiance and more short- and long-term intentions to social distance. Overall, this work highlights the potential harm of using shaming and pressuring language in public health communication, with implications for the current and future global health challenges