DEPRESSION ASSESSMENT in BRAZIL - the 1ST APPLICATION of the MONTGOMERY-ASBERG DEPRESSION RATING-SCALE

ESCOLA PAULISTA MED,DEPT PSYCHOBIOL,RUA BOTUCATU,862 1 ANDAR,BR-04023 São Paulo,SP,BRAZILHOSP SERVIDOR PUBL ESTADUAL FRANCISCO MORATO OLIVEIRA,DEPT PSYCHIAT & MED PSYCHOL,São Paulo,BRAZILESCOLA PAULISTA MED,DEPT PSYCHOBIOL,RUA BOTUCATU,862 1 ANDAR,BR-04023 São Paulo,SP,BRAZILWeb of Scienc

An advanced towed CTD chain for physical-biological high resolution in situ upper ocean measurements

Submesoscale eddies, fronts, and filaments are ubiquitous in the upper ocean and play an important role in biogeochemical and mixing processes as well as in the energy budget. To capture the high spatial variability of submesoscale processes, it is desirable to simultaneously resolve the vertical and horizontal gradients of hydrographic properties on scales of 10 m to 10 km. We present a revised towed CTD chain, for rapid quasi-synoptic in situ measurements of submesoscale oceanographic features, that is lighter, more robust and scientifically more useful than previous towed CTD chains. This new instrument provides a horizontal resolution of O(1 m) and can be towed at speeds of up to 5 ms-1 for measurements of the upper 100 m of the water column while providing a reasonable vertical resolution of O(1 m – 10 m). Individual CTD probes are equipped with temperature, conductivity, pressure and either rapid response dissolved oxygen or fluorescence sensors at multiple depths, enabling both hydrographic and biogeochemical studies at high resolution. A flexible probe hardware allows either real-time data collection or internal data logging for offline post-processing. Finally, we outline the necessary post-processing steps and provide data examples. With the presented data examples we show and conclude that the advanced towed CTD chain is a flexible and lightweight take on the towed CTD chain concept. It can easily be adapted to scientific needs and provides high quality very high resolution oceanographic data

Homeopathic Individualized Q-Potencies versus Fluoxetine for Moderate to Severe Depression: Double-Blind, Randomized Non-Inferiority Trial

Homeopathy is a complementary and integrative medicine used in depression, The aim of this study is to investigate the non-inferiority and tolerability of individualized homeopathic medicines [Quinquagintamillesmial (Q-potencies)] in acute depression, using fluoxetine as active control. Ninety-one outpatients with moderate to severe depression were assigned to receive an individualized homeopathic medicine or fluoxetine 20 mg day−1 (up to 40 mg day−1) in a prospective, randomized, double-blind double-dummy 8-week, single-center trial. Primary efficacy measure was the analysis of the mean change in the Montgomery & Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) depression scores, using a non-inferiority test with margin of 1.45. Secondary efficacy outcomes were response and remission rates. Tolerability was assessed with the side effect rating scale of the Scandinavian Society of Psychopharmacology. Mean MADRS scores differences were not significant at the 4th (P = .654) and 8th weeks (P = .965) of treatment. Non-inferiority of homeopathy was indicated because the upper limit of the confidence interval (CI) for mean difference in MADRS change was less than the non-inferiority margin: mean differences (homeopathy-fluoxetine) were −3.04 (95% CI −6.95, 0.86) and −2.4 (95% CI −6.05, 0.77) at 4th and 8th week, respectively. There were no significant differences between the percentages of response or remission rates in both groups. Tolerability: there were no significant differences between the side effects rates, although a higher percentage of patients treated with fluoxetine reported troublesome side effects and there was a trend toward greater treatment interruption for adverse effects in the fluoxetine group. This study illustrates the feasibility of randomized controlled double-blind trials of homeopathy in depression and indicates the non-inferiority of individualized homeopathic Q-potencies as compared to fluoxetine in acute treatment of outpatients with moderate to severe depression

Cyanobacterial Diazotroph Distributions in the Western South Atlantic

Inputs of new nitrogen by cyanobacterial diazotrophs are critical to ocean ecosystem structure and function. Relative to other ocean regions, there is a lack of data on the distribution of these microbes in the western South Atlantic. Here, the abundance of six diazotroph phylotypes: Trichodesmium, Crocosphaera, UCYN-A, Richelia associated with Rhizosolenia (Het-1) or Hemiaulus (Het-2), and Calothrix associated with Chaetoceros (Het-3) was measured by quantitative PCR (qPCR) of the nifH gene along a transect extending from the shelf-break to the open ocean along the Vitória-Trindade seamount chain (1200 km). Using nifH gene copies as a proxy for phylotype abundance, Crocosphaera signals were the most abundant, with a broad distribution throughout the study region. Trichodesmium signals were the second most abundant, with the greatest numbers confined to the warmer waters closer to the coast, and a significant positive correlation with temperature. The average signals for the host-associated diazotrophs (UCYN-A, Het-1, and Het-2) were consistently lower than for the other phylotypes. These findings expand measurements of cyanobacterial diazotroph distribution in the western South Atlantic, and provide a new resource to enhance modeling studies focused on patterns of nitrogen fixation in the global ocean

In vivo comparative study of the effects of using the enamel matrix derivative and/or photobiomodulation on the repair of bone defects

The repair of bone defects has been the subject of many studies that have shown inconclusive results as to what is the best bone substitute. Bone defects (Ø 2 mm) were induced on the tibia of seventy-two rats, which were distributed into the following

Crop-livestock-forest integration systems: a scientometric analysis.

A cienciometria estuda, através de indicadores quantitativos, uma disciplina específica da ciência. Sistemas integrados de produção são uma área do conhecimento científicos voltados para o desenvolvimento da produção rural sustentável. Estes sistemas demandam um planejamento adequado e minucioso dos componentes agrícolas, florestais e pecuários, para assim, proteger adequadamente os recursos naturais. Estudos cienciométricos auxiliam na análise quantitativa destes sistemas e geram instrumentos mais precisos para adoção de políticas públicas e científicas. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar uma análise cienciométrica da produção de conhecimento para sistemas de integração Lavoura-Pecuária-Floresta (ILPF), a nível mundial, de forma a identificar os (a) autores mais produtivos; (b) a evolução histórica do número de publicações e os periódicos que mais publicam sobre o tema; (c) os países que mais produzem conhecimento científico sobre o tema; (d) as principais abordagens que cobrem o tema. Foram recuperados 1592 estudos do banco de dados Web of Science e Scopus compreendendo o período de 1983 a agosto de 2020. O Brasil foi o país com o maior número de publicações sobre sistemas de ILPF. A maioria dos artigos foram caracterizados na área de conhecimento sustentabilidade, biodiversidade e conservação. Os resultados indicam que os esforços científicos têm sido destinados aos estudos referentes às práticas sustentáveis de produção e os sistemas integrados vêm sendo apontados como potenciais sistemas de produção que atendem as demandas atuais de desenvolvimento sustentável principalmente nos países tropicais em desenvolvimento.Artigo de revisão

Densidade de raízes de Megathyrsus maximus BRS Quênia e U rochloa brizantha BRS Piatã em sistemas silvipastoris.

Objetivou-se com o presente estudo determinar a densidade radicular de forrageiras Megathyrsus maximus e Urochloa brizantha na profundidade de 0-20 cm do solo, em relação a suas distâncias do componente arbóreo em dois sistemas de integração pecuária-floresta com duas idades. Para este estudo foram realizados os seguintes sistemas de integração pecuária-floresta: um sistema com 3 anos de idade composto por clones de eucalipto AEC-043 espaçados em arranjos de linhas simples de 15x2 m e componente forrageiro Megathyrsus maximus cv. Quenia; o outro sistema possui 2 anos de idade e clones de eucalipto AEC-2034 com o mesmo arranjo florestal e componente forrageiro Urochloa brizantha BRS Piatã. Cinco transectos foram escolhidos aleatoriamente em cada um dos sistemas de integração pecuária-floresta e mensurados 5 distâncias a partir do componente arbóreo para coleta das raízes no período da seca. As raízes foram separadas do solo e secadas para avaliação de biomassa. Na área com o sistema de integração pecuária-floresta com 2 anos de idade com clones de eucalipto AEC-2043 e forrageira Urochloa brizantha, foi apresentada a maior média de produção de densidade total de raízes na distância de 5 metros do componente arbóreo, com valor de 11,75 g e menor densidade radicular na distância zero com 8,63 g. No sistema de integração pecuária-floresta de 3 anos, com clones de eucalipto AEC-043 e componente forrageiro Megathyrsus maximus, a maior concentração de densidade de raiz ocorreu na distância zero com 10,23 g e menor densidade radicular na distância 5 m com 4,45 g. Nos dois sistemas o eucalipto influenciou o sistema radicular da gramínea forrageira