Imagen normal-rara y su efecto en el recuerdo

[Resumen] Las estrategias mnemotécnicas basadas en las imágenes mentales son un buen instrumento para todo tipo de aprendizaje, sobre todo para el aprendizaje de palabras. Para el aprendizaje de palabras se recomienda utilizar imágenes raras, sin embargo, los estudios experimentales no son taxativos en relación con la eficacia de las imágenes raras. En esta investigación deseábamos averiguar la influencia del tipo de emparejamiento de la imagen: normal-normal, normal-rara, raranormal, rara-rara, y sin imagen, en el recuerdo inmediato y retardado de pares asociados de listas largas. Se seleccionó una muestra de 256 estudiantes de Bachillerato para que aprendiesen una lista de 20 pares de palabras siguiendo una de las cinco estrategias siguientes: sin imagen, imagen normal-normal, normal-rara, rara-normal, y rara-rara. Se midió el recuerdo inmediato y al cabo de una semana. Tanto en el recuero inmediato como en el retardado, se encontró que el emparejamiento que produjo un mejor recuerdo fue imagen normal-normal, seguido por la imagen rara-normal, y rara-rara. Se discuten los resultados y se proponen nuevas líneas de investigación.[Resumo] As estratexias mnemotécnicas baseadas nas imaxes mentais son un bo instrumento para calquera aprendizaxe, e sobre todo, para a aprendizaxe de palabras. Para aprender palabras recoméndase utilizar imaxes raras, nembargantes, os estudios experimentais non son taxativos en relación coa eficacia destas imaxes raras. Nesta investigación desexábamos averiguar a influencia do tipo de emparellamento da imaxe: normal-normal, normalrara, rara-normal, rara-rara, e sen imaxe, no recordo inmediato e no recordo retardado de pares asociados de listas largas. Seleccionouse unha mostra de 256 estudiantes de Bacharelato para que aprendesen unha lista de 20 pares de palabras empregando unha das cinco estratexias seguintes: sin imaxe, imaxe normal-normal, normal-rara, rara-normal, e rara-rara. Mediuse o recordo inmediato e o recordo unha semana despois. Atopouse, tanto no recordo inmediato como no retardado, que o emparellamento que produciu un mellor recordo foi a imaxe normalnormal, seguido po la imaxe rara-normal, e rara-rara. Discútense os resultados e propóñense novas liñas de investigació

Pisadas en el barro : trabajo de creación teórico-práctico

Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Periodism

Aflatoxins detoxification by gamma irradiation

[Excerpt] Mycotoxins are secondary toxic metabolites of filamentous fungi. Aflatoxins (AFs) are produced to Aspergillus species such as A. flavus and A. parasiticus. These fungi are ubiquitous in nature and usually found on agricultural commodities. Therefore, AFs are encountered in many important foodstuff, including wheat, rice, maize, peanuts, sorghum, pearl millet, spices, oilseeds, tree nuts and milk. Due to the high toxicity of AFs, many methods have been studied to reduce or eliminate these mycotoxins from food and feed. Gamma irradiation is one technology that has been investigated with promising results. The aims of this study were (I) to study the effect of gamma radiation on aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1 and aflatoxin G2 (II) to evaluate the effect of the presence of water on AFs degradation during the irradiation process; and (IV) to evaluate the cytotoxicity of radiolytic products formed. (...

Gamma irradiation effects on ochratoxin A: degradation, cytotoxicity and application in food

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the main mycotoxins that can be found in food. The use of gamma radiation is a technique for preserving food that may exert some effects on mycotoxins. OTA was irradiated in its dry form, in aqueous and in methanolic solutions, and in wheat flour, grape juice and wine. Additionally, the toxicity of OTA irradiated in water was tested. In aqueous solutions, more than 90% of the OTA was degraded by -radiation doses 2.5 kGy, and a 2-fold reduction in OTA cytotoxicity was observed. In food matrices, the elimination of OTA by -radiation was found more difficult, as radiation doses of 30 kGy eliminate at most 24% of the OTA. Higher moisture content of food matrices did not substantially increase OTA elimination. It is concluded that OTA is very sensitive to irradiation in water solutions but resistant in its dry form and in food matrices.Thalita Calado received support through a grant SFRH/BD/79364/2011 from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT –Portugal).LuísAbrunhosawassupportedbygrantUMINHO/BPD/51/ 2015 from project UID/BIO/04469/2013 financed by FCT/MEC (OE). This study was supported by the FCT under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit and COMPETE 2020 (POCI-010145-FEDER-006684) and BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145FEDER-000004) funded by European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020 - Programa Operacional Regional do Norte; and under the scope of the projects RECI/BBB-EBI/0179/2012 (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-027462) and RTA2012-00053-00-00 INIA. The C2TN/IST authors gratefully acknowledge their FCT support through projects RECI/AAG-TEC/0400/2012 and UID/Multi/04349/ 2013. The authors are grateful to Luis Alté for his excellent technical assistance.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Adicción a cannabis: bases neurobiológicas y consecuencias médicas

La adicción a los preparados de cannabis sativa es un problema relevante en nuestra sociedad, con especial importancia durante la adolescencia. Su fácil disponibilidad y los episodios adversos asociados a su abuso y/o dependencia han incrementado la demanda de tratamiento derivada por su consumo. En los últimos 20 años se ha podido avanzar mucho sobre la farmacología del cannabis y de sus principios activos, moléculas grasas que actúan a través de un sistema de señalización endógeno denominado sistema endocannabinoide implicado en el desarrollo y la plasticidad cerebrales. Su estimulación crónica puede inducir no sólo dependencia y adicción, sino también derivar en consecuencias neurobiológicas que tienen repercusión clínica. Así, por un lado se puede encontrar el incremento de trastornos mentales tanto primarios como inducidos (trastornos del estado de ánimo, trastornos de ansiedad y trastornos psicóticos) y por el otro, alteraciones en los procesos cognitivos (memoria, atención, toma de decisiones, asunción de riesgos, control de impulsos). Estas consecuencias son más graves si el consumo se realiza en la adolescencia. Algunos de estos efectos son permanentes y el conocimiento de los mismos necesario para una correcta atención sanitaria.Addiction to products derived from the plant cannabis sativa has become a relevant problem in western societies. Its prevalence in both teenagers and young adults has grown in the last decade. The problem is aggravated by the availability of plant derivatives with a high THC content. Today, the number of cannabis users requesting medical treatment is growing, as well as the incidence and variety of the adverse effects associated with its chronic consumption. On the other hand, the last 20 years' research have revealed the hidden pharmacology of the active principles of cannabis. Cannabinoids, the psychoactive chemicals of the plant, exert their pharmacological actions through their interaction with an endogenous signaling system, the endocannabinoid system. This system is involved in brain development, plasticity and repair, and its chronic stimulation can induce not only dependence/addiction, but also result in adverse clinical effects. The negative side of cannabis use has greatest impact in the adolescent period. The main adverse effects of chronic cannabis use include the increase in the incidence of mental disorders (mainly psychosis), as well as alterations in cognitive processes including memory, attention, decision-making, risk behaviors as well as impulsivity. Some of these effects are permanent and information and research on their nature is greatly needed in order to achieve a correct public health approach to cannabis use

Effect of gamma-radiation on zearalenone—degradation, cytotoxicity and estrogenicity

Zearalenone (ZEA) is produced in cereals by different species of Fusarium, being a non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin. Despite having a low acute toxicity, ZEA strongly interferes with estrogen receptors. Gamma-radiation has been investigated to eliminate mycotoxins from food and feed, showing promising results. The present study aims to investigate the gamma-radiation effect on ZEA at different moisture conditions and to evaluate the cytotoxicity and estrogenicity of the irradiated ZEA. Different concentrations of dehydrated ZEA and aqueous solutions of ZEA were exposed to gamma-radiation doses ranging from 0.4 to 8.6 kGy and the mycotoxin concentration determined after exposure by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. Following this, the cytotoxicity of irradiated samples was assessed in HepG2 cells, by measuring alterations of metabolic activity, plasma membrane integrity and lysosomal function, and their estrogenicity by measuring luciferase activity in HeLa 9903 cells. Gamma-radiation was found to be effective in reducing ZEA, with significant increases in degradation with increased moisture content. Furthermore, a reduction of cytotoxicity with irradiation was observed. ZEA estrogenicity was also increasingly reduced with increasing radiation doses, but mainly in aqueous solutions. These results suggest reduction of ZEA levels and of its toxicity in food and feed commodities may be achieved by irradiation.This study was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UIDB/04469/2020 unit, C2TN (UIDB/04349/2020) and BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020—Programa Operacional Regional do Norte and by the INIA project RTA2012-00053-00-00.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Eating related problems amongst Iberian female college students

The current survey descriptive study evaluates the prevalence of eating related problems amongst a sample of first-year female college students attending an university campus in one of two areas of the Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula in Europe. A total of 1079 students participated in the current study, 486 from a large university campus of the North of Portugal (Minho), and 595 from two large university campuses of the Northwest of Spain (Galicia). Participants responded to the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) and to a questionnaire designed at assessing eating related habits and problems. Results showed that a significant number of students scored high on the EDI and showed considerable prevalence of eating related problems. Based on this self reported data, it is estimated that the prevalence of eating disorders on these peripheral areas of both countries is not significantly different than what is common in other European areas or countries.El presente estudio evalúa la prevalencia de los trastornos de la alimentación en una muestra de alumnas universitarias de primer año que frecuentaban una Universidad de una de dos áreas del Noroeste de la Península Ibérica. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, mediante observación. Un total de 1079 mujeres participaron en este estudio, 486 de una Universidad del Norte de Portugal (Minho) y 595 de dos Universidades del Noroeste de España (Galicia). Las participantes respondieron al Inventario de Trastornos Alimentarios (EDI) y a un cuestionario desarrollado para evaluar problemas relacionados con la alimentación. Los resultados mostraron que un número significativo de estudiantes obtuvo un resultado elevado en el EDI, presentando una prevalencia considerable de problemas relacionados con la alimentación. Basándonos en los datos auto referidos se estimó que la prevalencia de trastornos en el comportamiento alimentario en estas áreas periféricas de ambos países no es significativamente diferente de lo que resulta común en otros países y áreas de Europa.O presente estudo avalia a a prevalência de problemas alimentares numa amostra de alunas universitárias do primeiro ano que frequentavam uma universidade de uma de duas áreas do noroeste da Península Ibérica. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, mediante observação. Um total de 1079 mulheres participaram neste estudo, 486 de uma universidade do Norte de Portugal (Minho) e 595 de duas universidades do Noroeste de Espanha (Galiza). Os participantes responderam ao Inventário de Perturbações Alimentares (EDI) e a um questionário desenvolvido para avaliar problemas relacionados com a alimentação. Os resultados mostraram que um número significativo de estudantes obtiveram um resultado elevado no EDI e apresentavam uma prevalência considerável de problemas relacionados com a alimentação. Com base nos dados de auto relato foi estimada que a prevalência de perturbações do comportamento alimentar nestas áreas periféricas de ambos os países não é significativamente diferente da que é comum noutros países e áreas da Europa.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - PRAXIS/PCSH/P/PSI/85/96, Pograma Operacional "Ciência, Tecnologia, Inocação (POCTI) - POCTI/33252/PSI/2000

Interferon-alpha decreases cancer stem cell properties and modulates exosomes in malignant melanoma

Malignant melanoma (MM) can spread to other organs and is resistant in part due to the presence of cancer stem cell subpopulations (CSCs). While a controversial high dose of interferon-alpha (IFN-α) has been used to treat non-metastatic high-risk melanoma, it comes with undesirable side effects. In this study, we evaluated the effect of low and high doses of IFN-α on CSCs by analyzing ALDH activity, side population and specific surface markers in established and patient-derived primary cell lines. We also assessed the clonogenicity, migration and tumor initiation capacities of IFN-α treated CSCs. Additionally, we investigated genomic modulations related to stemness properties using microRNA sequencing and microarrays. The effect of IFN-α on CSCs-derived exosomes was also analyzed using NanoSight and liquid chromatography (LC-HRMS)-based metabolomic analysis, among others. Our results showed that even low doses of IFN-α reduced CSC formation and stemness properties, and led to a significant decrease in the ability to form tumors in mice xenotransplants. IFN-α also modulated the expression of genes and microRNAs involved in several cancer processes and metabolomics of released exosomes. Our work suggests the utility of low doses of interferon, combined with the analysis of metabolic biomarkers, as a potential clinical approach against the aggressiveness of CSCs in melanoma.This research was funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU, projects noº MAT2015-62644.C2.2.R and RTI2018-101309-B-C2, FEDER Funds), by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PIE16-00045), by Consejería de Economía, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad de la Junta de Andalucía and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), ref. SOMM17/6109/UGR (UCE-PP2017-3), by Consejería de Salud y Familias de la Junta de Andalucía (projects noº PEMP0205-2020 FEDER funds), and by the Chair “Doctors Galera-Requena in cancer stem cell research” (CMC-CTS963). J.L.P. (Ref. FPU15/03682) acknowledge the MICIU for providing a PhD fellowship (FPU).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio