HISTORY, SCOPE, METHODS OF EDUCATION PSYCHOLOGY IN STUDENTS IN THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT

SDN Poris Pelawad 1 is a school located in one of the areas in Tangerang City, precisely in Poris Pelawad Village. Since the covid-19 outbreak, which requires all Indonesian citizens and even all over the world to apply WFH (Work Form Home) where the continuity of teaching and learning is also carried out online (In the Network) using media that we already recognize with the term zoom meeting or other media that saves usage. internet package, so that students in the learning process will produce a good ending. Learning is basically a process of interaction between educators and students, both direct (face-to-face) and indirect (learning activities using learning media in web applications). In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, teaching and learning activities are recommended to use an online learning model. The government has also provided assistance to students and educators in an effort to provide a free quota of 50GB every month, the level of the amount of the quota depends on the level of education as well, starting from elementary, junior high, high school to college, why is there a need for differences in the amount of quota distribution. Because each level requires different power, the higher the level of majority education, the more power needs that must be spent to achieve something that is expected. This study used an interview method to one of the teachers of SDN Poris Pelawad 1. The interview was conducted directly / offline by approaching the resource person

STUDENT LEARNING ACTIVITY ANALYSIS ON BUILDING SPACE MATERIALS

This study aims to analyze the activities of teachers, students' activities in mathematics learning outcomes in the material for building space for high-class students, especially for elementary school education. The subjects of this research are fifth grade students at SDN Kutabumi 1, which is a school located in one of the areas in Tangerang Regency, precisely in Kutabumi Village for the 2021-2022 academic year with a total of 24 students. The results showed that teacher activity increased with very good criteria and student activity with very active criteria. It can be concluded that the teacher's activities run smoothly, student activities and learning outcomes of Mathematics in Building Spaces material increase at each meeting. This research is a type of quantitative descriptive research. This study uses a problem-solving ability test sheet and student activity observation sheets as research instruments. Because each level requires a different absorption of learning, the higher the level of majority education, the more power needs to be spent to achieve something that is expected. This research uses the interview method to one of the teachers at SDN Kutabumi 1. The interviews were conducted directly/Offline by approaching the resource persons. Hopefully, after this research and interview, we and the team will get answers and solutions to the problem solving that we are researching and make learning which is much better than before this research and research was conducted

Analisis Kesulitan Belajar Membaca (Disleksia) Siswa Kelas III SDIT Latansa Cendekia

Education has a very important role in the progress of a nation. This research aims to reveal the history and development as well inclusive education problems. Inclusive schools provide appropriate educational programs, challenging, but appropriate to each student's abilities and needs as well as assistance and the support that teachers can provide so that children are successful. Method The research used in this research is descriptive qualitative. Data results were obtained from observations and interviews. By interviewing class III teachers at SDIT Latansa Scholar, this was done using a guide interview to get information about inclusive education at SDIT Latansa School. From the results of observations and interviews, the inclusion of students at this school is good, there are students who can carry out their own activities, but there is still assistance from the teacher. By joining a regular (non-special school) school, it provides an opportunity for them to be able to socialize with children who are growing normally to help the child's emotional development so that they do not become inferior children, and even consider themselves the same as other children. This is the basis on which inclusive education is implemented

The Tendency for Adolescent Girls to Feel Comfortable in Communicating About Puberty and Reproductive Health with their Families: A Systematic Review

Background: There are knowledge problems related to puberty and health problems among adolescent girls so that they cannot be confident in effectively handling changes in their bodies during puberty as well as long�term reproductive health. Purpose: This study aims to systematically review the tendency for adolescent girls to feel comfortable in communicating about puberty and reproductive health with their families. Method: Systematic review is conducted in accordance with the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The search was conducted through PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases on English studies from 2016-2021 published date. Results: Adolescent girls feel free to discuss issues related to puberty such as the development of secondary sex characters, menarche, and menstruation with the mother due to feelings and gender-specific compatibility This is due to stigma and perceived taboos in sociocultural factors. Fluency in communication is also caused by various factors such as knowledge between family and children, the number of families and attitudes and ways of communication of parents. Conclusion: Parental involvement is important in giving knowledge about reproductive health for adolescent girls but must ensure that the family have good knowledge and good ways of communication as well as approaches to overcome barriers in the gender perspectiv

Informational and instrumental support related to menstruation: Adolescents’ perspective

Adolescent girls can experience puberty and[a1]  menstruation in their school environment, especially when they decide to study in a boarding school for girls. Schools must provide support for menstrual hygiene therefore adolescent girls can remain productive in their education. The study aims to describe the adolescent perception of informational and instrumental support related to menstruation. The descriptive study was conducted at a single institution-boarding school for girls- in East Java, Indonesia. 236 students in junior high school were asked to fill out a questionnaire. Almost all adolescents had received information about menstruation before they experienced menstruation. Absenteeism due to menstruation was experienced by 35 students with 1-2 days of absence. In terms of informational support, more than 50% of students received information related to menstruation from their teachers. The school did not provide materials on menstrual hygiene on the toilet walls that could be accessed by adolescents. In terms of instrumental support, most adolescents reported that clean water was available but soap for washing hands was not always available. Closed trash cans and access to a sanitary pad are available. According to most of the adolescents, the latrines in their school were easy to clean, but there were still around 10% who stated that the latrines were difficult to clean. Schools need to provide correct information about reproductive health through collaboration with the health office and health education institutions and ensure that facilities for menstrual hygiene are available and can be used by students properly.

High genetic variations of the stingless bee Tetragonula laeviceps based on Mitochondrial DNA of Cytochrome C oxidase Subunit 1 (CO1) gene in sumatra and Java, Indonesia

The stingless bee Tetragonula laeviceps (Hymenoptera: Apidae) is frequently traded from its native regions to many areas across Indonesia for meliponiculture purposes. This species has a high morphological variation that make it difficult to identify. Identification at the molecular level based on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene from mitochondrial DNA is needed to support morphological identification. However, there is a lack of COI gene data for these bees in the GenBank. Thus, this research aimed to characterize T. laeviceps in Indonesian native and traded regions using the CO1 gene. Stingless bee samples were collected from two native regions: Batanghari (Jambi, Sumatra) and Lebak (Banten, Java), while the traded bee colonies were from Bogor (West Java, Java). The COI gene primers were manually designed based on the complete CO1 gene of Melipona bicolor (AF466146). Twenty-four nucleotide variations from 13 individuals of T. laeviceps CO1 gene sequences were found and classified into six haplotypes (Hap_1–Hap_6). The substitution of nucleotide number 157 of T. laeviceps CO1 gene altered to a single putative amino acid from serine to phenylalanine. A high (3.7%) genetic distance was found between the Hap_1 haplotype (Batanghari and Bogor) and other haplotypes (Hap_4 and Hap_6). The Hap_1 performed a single clade split from other haplotypes with 82% bootstrap value in the phylogenetic tree, meaning that the Hap_1 of T. laeviceps presumably has a high genetic differentiation. Extensive studies using T. laeviceps from a wider distribution area are needed to explain the haplotype variation thoroughl

Calcitriol Ameliorates Kidney Injury Through Reducing Podocytopathy, Tubular Injury, Inflammation and Fibrosis in 5/6 Subtotal Nephrectomy Model in Rats

Chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) lead to end-stage renal diseases (ESRD) which are characterized by glomerulosclerosis, tubular injury, anemia, inflammation, and interstitial fibrosis. Vitamin D is known to have renal protective effects. However, its effects relate to low and high doses of Vitamin D in CKD model is still unknown. CKD was performed using 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy procedure in male Sprague Dawley rats (3 months old, 200-300 grams, SN group; n=6), then rats were sacrificed on day 14 after operation. Sham operation was used for control (SO group; n=6). Calcitriol was administered in two doses : 0.01 μg/mL/100 gramsBW/day (SND1 group; n=6) and 0.05 μg/mL/100 gramsBW/day (SND2 group; n=6) intraperitoneally for 14 days. Glomerulosclerosis and tubular injury score were examined using PAS staining, meanwhile, interstitial fibrosis area fraction was assessed with Sirius Red staining. RT-PCR was performed for assessing nephrin, podocin, IL-6, CD68, Collagen-1, and TGF-β1 mRNA expressions. Immunostaining (IHC) was carried out to observe macrophage (CD68) and myofibroblast (α-SMA). SN demonstrated CKD condition with higher tubular injury, glomerulosclerosis, interstitial fibrosis, and inflammation compared to SO. Calcitriol-treated group (especially SND2) demonstrated significant lower tubular injury, glomerulosclerosis, and interstitial fibrosis compared to SN. SND2 group showed not only significantly lower CD68, IL-6, Collagen-1, and TGF-β1 mRNA expressions, but also higher mRNA expressions of nephrin and podocin. SND2 group also demonstrated reduction of macrophages infiltration and myofibroblasts expansion based on its histopathological appearance. Vitamin D may have a renoprotective effect on 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy model by attenuating podocytopathy, tubular injury, inflammation and interstitial fibrosis