Persepsi Terhadap Pictorial Health Warning Iklan Luar Ruang Produk Rokok

This research emphasizes on Pictorial Health Warning (PHW) in outdoor mediaof cigarettes product's advertisement, focusing on smoker's perception towardspictorial health warning of “A man smoking with the skull shaped smokes”variant. This study uses qualitative descriptive method exploring the perception on theparticular pictorial health warning variant. Informants in this research arelocated in several big cities in Indonesia. The purpose of this research is toenrich the body of knowledge on health communication, especially on the dangerof smoking, and also enforcing government in the effort of communicating thehazardous of smoking towards its public

Two hearts and a loan? Mortgages, employment insecurity and earnings among young couples in six European countries

Homeownership is increasingly understood by policy makers and social scientists as a fundamental asset against poverty risks, especially in times of economic uncertainty. However, in several Western countries, homeownership among younger generations appears to be increasingly difficult to achieve, likely a result of growing employment instability and stringent criteria to access credit. This article uses multinomial logistic models and nationally representative EU-SILC data from six European countries to examine (a) to what extent precarious employment among young couples is linked to being a mortgage holder; (b) whether earned income can compensate for employment instability in being a mortgagee; (c) cross-national differences in the relationship between being a mortgage holder, earnings, and employment insecurity. Our results indicate that the higher the levels of employment insecurity, the lower the chances of being a mortgage holder in all countries. Moreover, we find that at a given level of employment insecurity, households with higher levels of earned income have higher chances of being mortgage holders than households with lower earned income. However, while earned income has a stronger effect in achieving a mortgage among couples who have secure employment in Italy, earnings are more important among couples with lower levels of employment security in France, the UK, Spain and Poland. These results suggest that the relationship between social inequalities and housing is partially mediated by the national context

Multi-Component Sequential Synthesis of Dihydroorotic Acid-Based Amphiphilic Molecules

An efficient multicomponent sequential process, which occurs in mild condition has been exploited for the synthesis of systematically modified amphiphilic molecules where the cationic head is tethered to a lipophilic tail through a dihydroorotic acid linker. The process is operatively simple, high yielding, and flexible. Such a strategy could impact combinatorial synthesis of wide libraries of amphiphilic molecules to be tested as transfection agents and/or as antimicrobials

School-based sexual health education interventions to prevent STI/HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

This is the final version of the article. Available from BioMed Central via the DOI in this record.BACKGROUND: School-based sexual health education has the potential to provide an inclusive and comprehensive approach to promoting sexual health among young people. We reviewed evaluations of school-based sexual health education interventions in sub-Saharan Africa to assess effectiveness in reducing sexually transmitted infections and promoting condom use. METHODS: We searched ten electronic databases, hand-searched key journals, and reference lists of included articles for potential studies. Data were extracted on outcomes, intervention characteristics, methods and study characteristics indicative of methodological quality. Where possible, data were synthesized using random effect meta-analysis. Intervention features found predominantly in effective interventions were noted. RESULTS: The initial search retrieved 21634 potentially relevant citations. Of these, 51 papers reporting on 31 interventions were included. No evaluation reported statistically significant effects on the incidence or prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Herpes Simplex Virus 2 infections. However, intervention participants reported statistically significant greater condom use in both randomised controlled trials and non-randomised trials for short (less than 6 months) follow-up periods (OR = 1.62, 95 % CI = 1.03-2.55 and OR = 2.88, 95 % CI = 1.41-5.90 respectively). For intermediate (6-10 months) and long-term (more than 10 months) follow-up periods, the effect was statistically significant (OR = 1.40, 95 % CI = 1.16-1.68) and marginally significant (OR = 1.22, 95 % CI = 0.99-1.50) among the randomised trials respectively. Only 12 of the 31 interventions reported implementation details, out of which seven reported on fidelity. CONCLUSION: School-based sexual health education has the potential to promote condom use among young people in sub-Saharan Africa. However, further work is needed to develop and evaluate interventions that have measurable effects on sexually transmitted infections.This work presents independent research funded by the UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), School for Public Health research and the NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care of the South West Peninsula (PenCLAHRC). The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and not necessarily those of NIHR, the University of Exeter or the UK Department of Health

Functional Sequential Treatment Allocation

Consider a setting in which a policy maker assigns subjects to treatments, observing each outcome before the next subject arrives. Initially, it is unknown which treatment is best, but the sequential nature of the problem permits learning about the effectiveness of the treatments. While the multi-armed-bandit literature has shed much light on the situation when the policy maker compares the effectiveness of the treatments through their mean, much less is known about other targets. This is restrictive, because a cautious decision maker may prefer to target a robust location measure such as a quantile or a trimmed mean. Furthermore, socio-economic decision making often requires targeting purpose specific characteristics of the outcome distribution, such as its inherent degree of inequality, welfare or poverty. In the present paper we introduce and study sequential learning algorithms when the distributional characteristic of interest is a general functional of the outcome distribution. Minimax expected regret optimality results are obtained within the subclass of explore-then-commit policies, and for the unrestricted class of all policies

The primordial environment of super massive black holes: large scale galaxy overdensities around z∼6z\sim6 QSOs with LBT

We investigated the presence of galaxy overdensities around four $z\sim6$ QSOs, namely SDSS J1030+0524 (z = 6.28), SDSS J1148+5251 (z = 6.41), SDSS J1048+4637 (z = 6.20) and SDSS J1411+1217 (z = 5.95), through deep $r$-, $i$- and $z$- band imaging obtained with the wide-field ($\sim23'\times25'$) Large Binocular Camera (LBC) at the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT). We adopted color-color selections within the $i-z$ vs $r-z$ plane to identify samples of $i$-band dropouts at the QSO redshift and measure their relative abundance and spatial distribution in the four LBC fields, each covering $\sim8\times8$ physical Mpc at $z\sim6$. The same selection criteria were then applied to $z$-band selected sources in the $\sim$1 deg$^2$ Subaru-XMM Newton Deep Survey to derive the expected number of dropouts over a blank LBC-sized field ($\sim$0.14 deg$^2$). The four observed QSO fields host a number of candidates larger than what is expected in a blank field. By defining as $i$-band dropouts objects with $z_{AB}1.4$ and undetected in the $r$-band, we found 16, 10, 9, 12 dropouts in SDSS J1030+0524, SDSS J1148+5251, SDSS J1048+4637, and SDSS J1411+1217, respectively, whereas only 4.3 such objects are expected over a 0.14 deg$^2$ blank field. This corresponds to overdensity significances of 3.3, 1.9, 1.7, 2.5$\sigma$, respectively. By considering the total number of dropouts in the four LBC fields and comparing it with what is expected in four blank fields of 0.14 deg$^2$ each, we find that high-z QSOs reside in overdense environments at the $3.7\sigma$ level. This is the first direct and unambiguous measurement of the large scale structures around $z\sim6$ QSOs. [shortened]Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in A&

Response of Oyster Shell Ash Blended Cement Concrete in Sulphuric Acid Environment

An experimental investigation was carried out to study the potentials of oyster shell ash (OSA) to be used as supplementary cementitious material (SCM) exposed to sulphuric acid environment. Experiments were carried out by supplementing 5 – 20 % of OSA by weight of cement in concrete. The mix ratio used was 1:2:4 (binder, sand and granite) with water cement ratio maintained at 0.5. A total of 320 cube specimens (150mm x 150mm x 150mm) were cast and tested for compressive strength at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of curing in potable tap water and (5, 7.5 and 10 %) sulphuric acid solutions. It has been deduced that the compressive strength of concrete specimen progressively increased with longer curing periods and decreased with OSA content for specimen immersed in water whereas for specimen immersed in sulphuric acid solutions the compressive strength decreased with longer curing period, OSA content as well as sulphuric acid content. Generally, results of the statistical analysis showed that sulphuric acid concentrations, OSA contents and curing periods have significant effect on the compressive strength of concrete. The use of OSA as SCM did not mitigate the adverse effects of sulphuric acid on the compressive strength of cement blended with OSA. Keywords: Compressive strength, Oyster shell ash, Statistical analysis, Sulphuric acid environment, supplementary cementitious material DOI: 10.7176/CER/11-4-07 Publication date:May 31st 201

The primordial environment of supermassive black holes (II): deep Y and J band images around the z=6.3 quasar SDSS J1030+0524

Many cosmological studies predict that early supermassive black holes (SMBHs) can only form in the most massive dark matter halos embedded within large scale structures marked by galaxy over-densities that may extend up to 10 physical Mpc. This scenario, however, has not been confirmed observationally, as the search for galaxy over-densities around high-z quasars has returned conflicting results. The field around the z=6.28 quasar SDSSJ1030+0524 (J1030) is unique for multi-band coverage and represents an excellent data legacy for studying the environment around a primordial SMBH. In this paper we present wide-area (25x25 arcmin), Y- and J-band imaging of the J1030 field obtained with the near infrared camera WIRCam at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT). We built source catalogues in the Y- and J-band, and matched those with our photometric catalogue in the r, z, i bands presented in Morselli et al. (2014). We used these new infrared data together with H and K and Spitzer/IRAC data to refine our selection of Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs), extending our selection criteria to galaxies in the range 25.2<zAB<25.7. We selected 21 robust high-z candidates in the J1030 field with photometric redshift around 6 and colors i-z>=1.3. We found a significant asymmetry in the distribution of the high-z galaxies in J1030, supporting the existence of a coherent large-scale structure around the quasar. We compared our results with those of Bowler et al. (2015), who adopted similar LBGs selection criteria, and estimated an over-density of galaxies in the field of delta = 2.4, which is significant at >4 sigma. The over-density value and its significance are higher than those found in Morselli et al. (2014), and we interpret this as evidence of an improved LBG selection.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in A&