Modernization of legal technologies in the field of personal and information security

Objective: The article reveals the problems of personal and information security in the context of changing interstate relations, the globalization of international life. The special importance of ensuring personal and information security as an object of legal protection protected by international and national law is noted. Methods: The correlation of the norms in international and national law emphasizes the need to modernize and adopt new normative legal acts of universal and regional significance which can guide the participating countries in updating the national system of law. Results: The priority role is given to the improvement of international and national legal policies aimed at modernizing national legal systems focused on the prevention, counteraction to crimes and offenses that infringe on personal and information security. An effective mechanism of legal regulation for the objects in legal protection is of fundamental importance to ensure personal and information security. Conclusions: Particular attention is focused on solving the issues of detection, disclosure and accurate legal assessment of crimes and offenses that infringe on the interests of individuals, society and the state. The importance of the international community to establish universal standards to ensure personal and information security is emphasized

Changes in mRNA Abundance within Heterodera schachtii-Infected Roots of Arabidopsis thaliana

Gene expression changes in plant roots infected by plant-parasitic cyst nematodes are involved in the formation of nematode feeding sites. We analyzed mRNA abundance changes within roots of Arabidopsis thaliana during the early compatible interaction with Heterodera schachtii, the sugarbeet cyst nematode. Approximately 1,600 root sections, each containing a single parasitic nematode and its feeding site, and 1,600 adjacent, nematode-free root sections were excised from aseptic A. thaliana cultures 3 to 4 days after inoculation with H. schachtii. These tissue samples were termed infected and uninfected, respectively. Preparasitic nematodes were added to the uninfected tissue sample to maintain the nematode to plant tissue proportion. mRNA extracted from these two tissue samples was subjected to differential display analysis. Thirty-six cDNA clones corresponding to mRNA species with different abundance between both tissue samples were isolated. Of these clones, 24 were of A. thaliana origin and 12 were from H. schachtii. Differential display data predicted that the A. thaliana cDNA clones corresponded to 13 transcripts that were more abundant in the infected root sections and 11 transcripts that were more abundant in the uninfected root sections. H. schachtii cDNA clones were predicted to correspond to four transcripts that were more abundant in parasitic nematodes and to eight transcripts that were more abundant in preparasitic nematodes. In situ hybridization experiments confirmed the mRNA abundance changes in A. thalianaroots predicted by the differential display analyses for two A. thaliana clones

Integrin signaling is critical for pathological angiogenesis

The process of postnatal angiogenesis plays a crucial role in pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including but not limited to tumor growth/metastasis, diabetic retinopathy, and in tissue remodeling upon injury. However, the molecular events underlying this complex process are not well understood and numerous issues remain controversial, including the regulatory function of integrin receptors. To analyze the role of integrin phosphorylation and signaling in angiogenesis, we generated knock-in mice that express a mutant β3 integrin unable to undergo tyrosine phosphorylation. Two distinct models of pathological angiogenesis revealed that neovascularization is impaired in mutant β3 knock-in mice. In an ex vivo angiogenesis assay, mutant β3 knock-in endothelial cells did not form complete capillaries in response to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulation. At the cellular level, defective tyrosine phosphorylation in mutant β3 knock-in cells resulted in impaired adhesion, spreading, and migration of endothelial cells. At the molecular level, VEGF stimulated complex formation between VEGF receptor-2 and β3 integrin in wild-type but not in mutant β3 knock-in endothelial cells. Moreover, phosphorylation of VEGF receptor-2 was significantly reduced in cells expressing mutant β3 compared to wild type, leading to impaired integrin activation in these cells. These findings provide novel mechanistic insights into the role of integrin–VEGF axis in pathological angiogenesis

Досвід діяльності членів Mіжнародної асоціації сил жандармерії та поліції в статусі військової установи (FIEP) у виконанні функцій військової поліції

The article examines the principles of functioning of the military justice bodies of foreign countries. The development of military justice in Ukraine through the creation of military police has been updated. The analysis of the military police's organizational structure of the countries belonging to the International Association of Gendarmeries and Police Forces with Military Status (FIEP) is carried out. The corresponding theoretical and legal basis for forming proposals for the development of military justice in Ukraine has been substantiated and consolidated.У статті досліджуються засади функціонування органів військової юстиції зарубіжних країн. Актуалізовано питання розвитку військової юстиції в Україні шляхом створення військової поліції. Здійснено аналіз побудови організаційної структури військової поліції країн, що входять до Міжнародної асоціації сил жандармерії та поліції в статусі військової установи (FIEP). Обґрунтовано й закріплено відповідний теоретико-правовий базис для формування пропозицій для розвитку військової юстиції України

Insufficiency of musically gifted children and ways of its overcoming

The article discusses issues related to the failure of gifted and musically gifted students, which are considered by foreign authors in the psychological and pedagogical literature.В статье раскрываются проблемы неуспешности одаренных и музыкально одаренных обучающихся, рассмотренные в зарубежной психолого-педагогической литературе

Selection for improved energy use efficiency and drought tolerance in canola results in distinct transcriptome and epigenome changes

To increase both the yield potential and stability of crops, integrated breeding strategies are used that have mostly a direct genetic basis, but the utility of epigenetics to improve complex traits is unclear. A better understanding of the status of the epigenome and its contribution to agronomic performance would help in developing approaches to incorporate the epigenetic component of complex traits into breeding programs. Starting from isogenic canola (Brassica napus) lines, epilines were generated by selecting, repeatedly for three generations, for increased energy use efficiency and drought tolerance. These epilines had an enhanced energy use efficiency, drought tolerance, and nitrogen use efficiency. Transcriptome analysis of the epilines and a line selected for its energy use efficiency solely revealed common differentially expressed genes related to the onset of stress tolerance-regulating signaling events. Genes related to responses to salt, osmotic, abscisic acid, and drought treatments were specifically differentially expressed in the drought-tolerant epilines. The status of the epigenome, scored as differential trimethylation of lysine-4 of histone 3, further supported the phenotype by targeting drought-responsive genes and facilitating the transcription of the differentially expressed genes. From these results, we conclude that the canola epigenome can be shaped by selection to increase energy use efficiency and stress tolerance. Hence, these findings warrant the further development of strategies to incorporate epigenetics into breeding

Inhibition of Integrin α\u3csub\u3ed\u3c/sub\u3eβ\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3e-Mediated Macrophage Adhesion to End Product of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Oxidation Prevents Macrophage Accumulation During Inflammation

A critical step in the development of chronic inflammatory diseases is the accumulation of proinflammatory macrophages in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of peripheral tissues. The adhesion receptor integrin αDβ2 promotes the development of atherosclerosis and diabetes by supporting macrophage retention in inflamed tissue. We recently found that the end product of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) oxidation, 2-(ω-carboxyethyl)- pyrrole (CEP), serves as a ligand forαDβ2.CEPadduct withECM is generated during inflammation-mediated lipid peroxidation. The goal of this project was to identify a specific inhibitor for αDβ2-CEP interaction that can prevent macrophage accumulation. Using a specially designed peptide library, Biacore-detected protein-protein interaction, and adhesion of integrin-transfected HEK 293 cells, we identified a sequence (called P5 peptide) that significantly and specifically inhibited αD-CEP binding. In the model of thioglycollate-induced peritoneal inflammation, the injection of cyclic P5 peptide reduced 3-fold the macrophage accumulation in WT mice but had no effect in αD-deficient mice. The tracking of adoptively transferred, fluorescently labeled WT and αD-/- monocytes in the model of peritoneal inflammation and in vitro two-dimensional and three-dimensional migration assays demonstrated thatP5peptide does not affectmonocytetransendothelial migration or macrophage efflux from the peritoneal cavity but regulates macrophage migration through the ECM. Moreover, the injection ofP5peptide intoWTmiceona high-fat diet prevents macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue in anαDβ2-dependent manner.Takentogether, these resultsdemonstratetheimportance of αDβ2-mediated macrophage adhesion for the accumulation of infiltrating macrophages in the inflamed ECM and propose P5 peptide as a potential inhibitor of atherogenesis and diabetes