The Longitudinal Polarimeter at HERA

The design, construction and operation of a Compton back-scattering laser polarimeter at the HERA storage ring at DESY are described. The device measures the longitudinal polarization of the electron beam between the spin rotators at the HERMES experiment with a fractional systematic uncertainty of 1.6%. A measurement of the beam polarization to an absolute statistical precision of 0.01 requires typically one minute when the device is operated in the multi-photon mode. The polarimeter also measures the polarization of each individual electron bunch to an absolute statistical precision of 0.06 in approximately five minutes. It was found that colliding and non-colliding bunches can have substantially different polarizations. This information is important to the collider experiments H1 and ZEUS for their future longitudinally polarized electron program because those experiments use the colliding bunches only.Comment: 21 pages (Latex), 14 figures (EPS

Targeting homologous recombination and telomerase in Barrett’s adenocarcinoma: Impact on telomere maintenance, genomic instability, and tumor growth

Homologous recombination (HR), a mechanism to accurately repair DNA in normal cells, is deregulated in cancer. Elevated/deregulated HR is implicated in genomic instability and telomere maintenance, which are critical lifelines of cancer cells. We have previously shown that HR activity is elevated and significantly contributes to genomic instability in BAC. The purpose of this study was to evaluate therapeutic potential of HR inhibition, alone and in combination with telomerase inhibition, in BAC. We demonstrate that telomerase inhibition in BAC cells increases HR activity, RAD51 expression, and association of RAD51 to telomeres. Suppression of HR leads to shorter telomeres as well as markedly reduced genomic instability in BAC cells over time. Combination of HR suppression (whether transgenic or chemical) with telomerase inhibition, causes a significant increase in telomere attrition and apoptotic death in all BAC cell lines tested, relative to either treatment alone. A subset of treated cells also stain positive for β-galactosidase, indicating senescence. The combined treatment is also associated with decline in S-phase and a strong G2/M arrest, indicating massive telomere attrition. In a subcutaneous tumor model, the combined treatment resulted in the smallest tumors, which were even smaller (P=0.001) than those resulted from either treatment alone. Even the tumors removed from these mice had significantly reduced telomeres and evidence of apoptosis. We therefore conclude that although telomeres are elongated by telomerase, elevated RAD51/HR assist in their maintenance/stabilization in BAC cells. Telomerase inhibitor prevents telomere elongation but induces RAD51/HR, which contribute to telomere maintenance/stabilization and prevention of apoptosis, reducing the efficacy of treatment. Combining HR inhibition with telomerase, makes telomeres more vulnerable to degradation and significantly increases/expedites their attrition, leading to apoptosis. We therefore demonstrate that a therapy, targeting HR and telomerase, has potential to prevent both the tumor growth and genomic evolution in BAC

Strong Decays of Strange Quarkonia

In this paper we evaluate strong decay amplitudes and partial widths of strange mesons (strangeonia and kaonia) in the 3P0 decay model. We give numerical results for all energetically allowed open-flavor two-body decay modes of all nsbar and ssbar strange mesons in the 1S, 2S, 3S, 1P, 2P, 1D and 1F multiplets, comprising strong decays of a total of 43 resonances into 525 two-body modes, with 891 numerically evaluated amplitudes. This set of resonances includes all strange qqbar states with allowed strong decays expected in the quark model up to ca. 2.2 GeV. We use standard nonrelativistic quark model SHO wavefunctions to evaluate these amplitudes, and quote numerical results for all amplitudes present in each decay mode. We also discuss the status of the associated experimental candidates, and note which states and decay modes would be especially interesting for future experimental study at hadronic, e+e- and photoproduction facilities. These results should also be useful in distinguishing conventional quark model mesons from exotica such as glueballs and hybrids through their strong decays.Comment: 69 pages, 5 figures, 39 table

Observation of a 1750 MeV/c^2 Enhancement in the Diffractive Photoproduction of K^+K^-

Using the FOCUS spectrometer with photon beam energies between 20 and 160 \gev, we confirm the existence of a diffractively photoproduced enhancement in $K^+K^-$ at 1750 \mevcc with nearly 100 times the statistics of previous experiments. Assuming this enhancement to be a single resonance with a Breit-Wigner mass shape, we determine its mass to be $1753.5\pm 1.5\pm 2.3$ \mevcc and its width to be $122.2\pm 6.2\pm 8.0$ \mevcc. We find no corresponding enhancement at 1750 \mevcc in $K^*K$, and again neglecting any possible interference effects we place limits on the ratio $\Gamma (X(1750) \to K^*K)/\Gamma (X(1750) \to K^+K^-)$. Our results are consistent with previous photoproduction experiments, but, because of the much greater statistics, challenge the common interpretation of this enhancement as the $\phi (1680)$ seen in $e^+e^-$ annihilation experiments.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure

Probing the strength of infants' preference for helpers over hinderers: two replication attempts of Hamlin and Wynn (2011)

Several studies indicate that infants prefer individuals who act prosocially over those who act antisocially toward unrelated third parties. In the present study, we focused on a paradigm published by Kiley Hamlin and Karen Wynn in 2011. In this study, infants were habituated to a live puppet show in which a protagonist tried to open a box to retrieve a toy placed inside. The protagonist was either helped by a second puppet (the “Helper”), or hindered by a third puppet (the “Hinderer”). At test, infants were presented with the Helper and the Hinderer, and encouraged to reach for one of them. In the original study, 75% of 9-month-olds selected the Helper, arguably demonstrating a preference for prosocial over antisocial individuals. We conducted two studies with the aim of replicating this result. Each attempt was performed by a different group of experimenters. Study 1 followed the methods of the published study as faithfully as possible. Study 2 introduced slight modifications to the stimuli and the procedure following the guidelines generously provided by Kiley Hamlin and her collaborators. Yet, in our replication attempts, 9-month-olds’ preference for helpers over hinderers did not differ significantly from chance (62.5% and 50%, respectively, in Studies 1 and 2). Two types of factors could explain why our results differed from those of Hamlin and Wynn: minor methodological dissimilarities (in procedure, materials, or the population tested), or the effect size being smaller than originally assumed. We conclude that fine methodological details that are crucial to infants’ success in this task need to be identified to ensure the replicability of the original result

Ten golden rules for optimal antibiotic use in hospital settings: the WARNING call to action

Antibiotics are recognized widely for their benefits when used appropriately. However, they are often used inappropriately despite the importance of responsible use within good clinical practice. Effective antibiotic treatment is an essential component of universal healthcare, and it is a global responsibility to ensure appropriate use. Currently, pharmaceutical companies have little incentive to develop new antibiotics due to scientific, regulatory, and financial barriers, further emphasizing the importance of appropriate antibiotic use. To address this issue, the Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery established an international multidisciplinary task force of 295 experts from 115 countries with different backgrounds. The task force developed a position statement called WARNING (Worldwide Antimicrobial Resistance National/International Network Group) aimed at raising awareness of antimicrobial resistance and improving antibiotic prescribing practices worldwide. The statement outlined is 10 axioms, or “golden rules,” for the appropriate use of antibiotics that all healthcare workers should consistently adhere in clinical practice

Rapport V.10 Incidence du rejet des eaux usées de Nantes Nord sur la qualité des eaux dans l'estuaire de la Loire

In order to evaluate the best technical solution to extend the sewage treatment plant of Northern part of NANTES, an assessment of discharge impact upon water quality of Loire estuary, has been realized according to several treatment hypothesis. This analysis allowed us to point out the following facts : -whatever the treatment method, the discharge impact is of no great significance for the following parameters : COD, BOD, TSS, TKN, owing to the importance of upstream contribution ; -however, impact is more significant for fecal bacteria, taking in consideration fixation and concentration processes appearing in the "muddy cork" and for phosphorus (increasing the estuary eutrophication and hence, water desoxygénation). A comprehensive depollution program would emphasize the need to monitor these two last parametersLa mise en place d'une tranche biologique en complément de l'actuelle tranche primaire a été envisagée pour NANTES-Nord. Dans le but de vérifier l'amélioration de la qualité des eaux de l'estuaire susceptible d'être obtenue suite à cet investissement, une étude a comparé l'impact sur la Loire résultant du rejet d'eau usée de NANTES-Nord après différentes hypothèses de traitement. Cette analyse a permis de dégager les faits suivants : -quelque soit le mode de traitement retenu, l'impact des rejets de NANTES-Nord sera négligeable pour les paramètres suivants : DCO, DBO5, MES, NTK, en raison de l'importance des apports de l'amont ; -l'impact est au contraire significatif au niveau des germes, eu égard aux phénomènes de fixation et de concentration des germes dans le "bouchon vaseux" et au niveau du phosphore (qui favorise l'eutrophisation de l'estuaire, et indirectement la désoxygénation). On a conclu : à la nécessité de mettre l'accent sur ces deux derniers paramètres, dans un programme de dépollution plus global intégrant l'ensemble du bassin versant amont de la Loire.Saunier B. M., Buon A., Cabillic P., Clément J. C. Rapport V.10 Incidence du rejet des eaux usées de Nantes Nord sur la qualité des eaux dans l'estuaire de la Loire. In: L'assainissement de demain. L'hydraulique des eaux pluviales et usées. Compte-rendu des XVIIes journées de l'hydraulique. Nantes,14-16 septembre 1982. Tome 2, 1982

PLANS FOR POLARIZED BEAMS IN LEP

Nous présentons les dispositions prévues pour la realisation de faisceaux polarisés dans LEP Phase 1 jusqu'à environ 50 GeV. Celles-ci comprennent des polarimètres, les méthodes pour augmenter le taux de polarisation, et pour corriger les erreurs, et enfin des rotateurs de spin pour obtenir une polarisation longitudinale.Plans are presented for the implementation of polarized beams in LEP Phase 1 up to about 50 GeV. They include polarimeters, enhancement of polarization rate, error correction methods and spin rotators for longitudinal polarization

Purification and structural data of a highly substituted exopolysaccharide from <i>Pseudomonas stutzeri</i> AS22

International audienc