The Effects of Prenatal Injections of Adrenocorticotropin and Glucocorticoid on Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase and Glycogen in Neonatal Rat Liver

A thesis presented to the faculty of the School of Sciences and Mathematics at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biology by Zindoga Tiz J. Bungu on March 1, 1979

2-Isobutyl-2-phosphabicyclo­[3.3.1]nonane 2-selenide

The title compound, C12H23PSe, represents the first structure of a phosphine containing the bicyclic 2-phospha­bicyclo­[3.3.1]nonane (VCH) unit. It contains two chiral centres per mol­ecule which can be either R,R- or S,S and crystallizes as a centrosymmetric, racemic micture of the enanti­omers. The P—Se bond distance of 2.1360 (16) Å is typical for these compounds. The Tolman cone angle (2.28 Å from P) was calculated as 163°, and the effective cone angle (using the crystallographically determined P—Se bond distance) is 168°

Kaposi’s Sarcoma in a Two Week Old Infant Born to a Mother with Kaposi’s Sarcoma/AIDS.

A CAJM article on kaposi's sarcoma in a 2 week old infant.Kaposi’s sarcoma in very young children is extremely rare, and the literature search has revealed only one case of Kaposi’s sarcoma in an infant of less than four weeks of age.1 Cases involving older children are very rare in Europe and North America2 but are suspected to be more common in African children whose mothers are infected with HIV

An exploration of the role of community Public Private Partnerships (CPPP) in local economic development in KeiskamamHoek dairy enterprise in the Eastern Cape Province

When government partners with communities, and the private sector, deliberating on matters that are aimed at advancing the local social-economic conditions, that is defined as Local Economic Development (Gqezengele, 2014). The municipalities are obligated by the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (1996) to manage the process of Local Economic Development (LED) in order to stimulate social and economic development. Enriched capacity of municipalities to exploit economic prospects for sustainable employment and enterprise growth will lead to the successful and improved welfare of communities around South Africa (SALGA, (2011). In trying to define the concept of Community Public Private Partnerships (CPPP), the researcher will first define the Private Public Partnerships (PPP) as the model that has been researched by many. PPP is defined as the medium to long-term arrangement entered into by the Public and the Private sector wherein some of the services responsibilities of the Public sector are offered by the private sector, with a clear contract on common goals for provision of public infrastructure or Public service. In a PPP, the private party carries out the major commercial, practical and operating threats in the enterprise, funding, structure and activities of a project, (ppp, 2015) The PPPs can happen in two forms: where the private party executes the municipal role, or where the private party obtains the usage of municipal property for its own money-making purpose, (ppp, 2015). The PPPs can comprise many different size range of enterprises and bring solid Local Economic Development spin-offs to the targeted people. On defining the Community, it is important to note that in the local government sector, the word community is sometimes used interchangeably with the word citizen. Citizens are described as the residents of a ward (SALGA, 2011). Through the Integrated Development Plans (IDP), the government is compelled to involve the communities, by giving them opportunities to voice their needs and also through other Public participation programmes. Largely, literature has a lot of information on PPP; however, there is a new approach to PPP which focuses on organized communities as members/shareholders of CPPP rather than them being made labourers only (Kula Group, 2010). This helps municipalities to move away from executing small scale projects that are not sustainable, thus driving them to focus on large scale programmes that are sustainable and have multiple effects, skills transfer, wealth creation and sustainable job creation. In the context of the explanations given above, Community Public Private Partnerships (CPPP) can, therefore, be defined as the enterprise between government, private sector or business, communities (cooperatives) and the municipality. The different role players that are mentioned above contribute meaningfully in their areas of expertise, and LED initiatives advance the lives of the local communities. Partnering with the communities is very crucial in local government in the sense that development occurs in the communities; therefore, local people need to be involved for ownership and community buy-in. This will also serve as a clear indication that communities are given an opportunity to participate in the business of their government. The study is aimed at exploring the Community Public Private Partnerships (CPPP) as a feasible method of implementing sustainable local economic development programmes that will have a substantial bearing on community livelihoods. An exploratory study, as explained by Bless and Higson-Smith (1995), this research was conducted to gain insight into CPPP phenomena as well as how communities and local municipalities can leverage it as an option in local economic development. The case study of Keiskammahoek Dairy Enterprise in Amahlathi was used.Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 201

Connecting the complex microstructure of LDPE to its rheology and processing properties via a combined fractionation and modelling approach

Well-defined mini-plant low density polyethylene samples were fractionated preparatively according to their crystallizability via preparative temperature rising elution fractionation and according to molecular weight via preparative solvent gradient fractionation (pSGF). Rheology of the fractions was measured in both the small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) and the non-linear extension regimes. The linear and non-linear rheology of the pTREF fractions were dominated by molecular weight effects, while the impact of the higher degree of long chain branching for the pSGF fractions with higher molecular weights was observed in van Gurp–Palmen plots and in strain hardening behavior in the extensional rheology measurements. Additionally, the experimental fractionation process was mimicked via modelling. The branching topologies of the bulk samples were obtained by coupled kinetic and Monte Carlo calculations. These topologies were fractionated computationally and the result were used to predict the rheological behavior of the individual fractions by applying the BoB algorithm with no parameter adjustment. The experimental observed trends were predicted by the model and the overall agreement was acceptable. This study demonstrates, that polymer fractionation is possible on a preparative scale and allows for the polymer flow properties characterization of the individual fractions, a method that is highly relevant during processing. Moreover, the fractionation process is followed and understood from the modelling point of view

Using Parahydrogen Induced Polarization to Study Steps in the Hydroformylation Reaction.

A range of iridium complexes, Ir(η3-C3H5)(CO)(PR2R’)2 (1a-1e) [where 1a, PR2R’ = PPh3, 1b P(p-tol)3, 1c PMePh2, 1d PMe2Ph and 1e PMe3] were synthesized and their reactivity as stoichiometric hydroformylation precursors studied. Para-hydrogen assisted NMR spectroscopy detected the following intermediates: Ir(H)2(η3-C3H5)(CO)(PR2R’) (2a-e), Ir(H)2(η1-C3H5)(CO)(PR2R’)2 (4d-e), Ir(H)2(η1-C3H5)(CO)2(PR2R’) (10a-e), Ir(H)2(CO-C3H5)(CO)2(PR2R’) (11a-c), Ir(H)2(CO-C3H7)(CO)2(PR2R’) (12a-c) and Ir(H)2(CO-C3H5)(CO)(PR2R’)2 (13d-e). Some of these species exist as two geometric isomers according to their multinuclear NMR characteristics. The NMR studies suggest a role for the following 16 electron species in these reactions: Ir(η3-C3H5)(CO)(PR2R’), Ir(η1-C3H5)(CO)(PR2R’)2, Ir(η1-C3H5)(CO)2(PR2R’), Ir(CO-C3H5)(CO)2(PR2R’), Ir(CO-C3H7)(CO)2(PR2R’) and Ir(CO-C3H5)(CO)(PR2R’)2. Their role is linked to several 18 electron species in order to confirm the route by which hydroformylation and hydrogenation proceeds

The contributions of muscarinic receptors and changes in plasma aldosterone levels to the anti-hypertensive effect of Tulbaghia violacea

Background: Tulbaghia violacea Harv. (Alliaceae) is used to treat various ailments, including hypertension (HTN) in South Africa. This study aims to evaluate the contributions of muscarinic receptors and changes in plasma aldosterone levels to its anti-hypertensive effect. Methods: In the acute experiments, methanol leaf extracts (MLE) of T. violacea (30–120 mg/kg), muscarine (0.16 -10 μg/kg), and atropine (0.02 - 20.48 mg/kg), and/or the vehicle (dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and normal saline (NS)) were respectively and randomly administered intravenously in a group of spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) weighing 300 to 350 g and aged less than 5 months. Subsequently, T. violacea (60 mg/kg) or muscarine (2.5 μg/kg) was infused into eight SHRs, 20 min after atropine (5.12 mg/kg) pre-treatment. In the chronic (21 days) experiments, the SHRs were randomly divided into three groups, and given the vehicle (0.2 ml/day of DMSO and NS), T. violacea (60 mg/kg/day) and captopril (10 mg/kg/day) respectively into the peritoneum, to investigate their effects on blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and plasma aldosterone levels. Systolic BP and HR were measured using tail-cuff plethysmography during the intervention. BP and HR were measured via a pressure transducer connecting the femoral artery and the Powerlab at the end of each intervention in the acute experiment; and on day 22 in the chronic experiment. Results: In the acute experiments, T. violacea, muscarine, and atropine significantly (p < 0.05) reduced BP dose-dependently. T. violacea and muscarine produced dose-dependent decreases in HR, while the effect of atropine on HR varied. After atropine pre-treatment, dose-dependent increases in BP and HR were observed with T. violacea; while the BP and HR effects of muscarine were nullified. In the chronic experiments, the T. violaceatreated and captropril-treated groups had signicantly lower levels of aldosterone in plasma when compared to vehicle-treated group. Compared to the vehicle-treated group, significant reduction in BP was only seen in the captopril-treated group; while no difference in HR was observed among the groups. Conclusion: The results obtained in this study suggest that stimulation of the muscarinic receptors and a reduction in plasma aldosterone levels contribute to the anti-hypertesive effect of T. violacea.IS

Unexpectedly high barriers to M–P rotation in tertiary phobane complexes : PhobPR behavior that is commensurate with tBu2PR

The four isomers of 9-butylphosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane, s-PhobPBu, where Bu = n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, have been prepared. Seven isomers of 9-butylphosphabicyclo[4.2.1]nonane (a5-PhobPBu, where Bu = n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl; a7-PhobPBu, where Bu = n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl) have been identified in solution; isomerically pure a5-PhobPBu and a7-PhobPBu, where Bu = n-butyl, isobutyl, have been isolated. The σ-donor properties of the PhobPBu ligands have been compared using the JPSe values for the PhobP(═Se)Bu derivatives. The following complexes have been prepared: trans-[PtCl2(s-PhobPR)2] (R = nBu (1a), iBu (1b), sBu (1c), tBu (1d)); trans-[PtCl2(a5-PhobPR)2] (R = nBu (2a), iBu (2b)); trans-[PtCl2(a7-PhobPR)2] (R = nBu (3a), iBu (3b)); trans-[PdCl2(s-PhobPR)2] (R = nBu (4a), iBu (4b)); trans-[PdCl2(a5-PhobPR)2] (R = nBu (5a), iBu (5b)); trans-[PdCl2(a7-PhobPR)2] (R = nBu (6a), iBu (6b)). The crystal structures of 1a–4a and 1b–6b have been determined, and of the ten structures, eight show an anti conformation with respect to the position of the ligand R groups and two show a syn conformation. Solution variable-temperature 31P NMR studies reveal that all of the Pt and Pd complexes are fluxional on the NMR time scale. In each case, two species are present (assigned to be the syn and anti conformers) which interconvert with kinetic barriers in the range 9 to >19 kcal mol–1. The observed trend is that, the greater the bulk, the higher the barrier. The magnitudes of the barriers to M–P bond rotation for the PhobPR complexes are of the same order as those previously reported for tBu2PR complexes. Rotational profiles have been calculated for the model anionic complexes [PhobPR-PdCl3]− using DFT, and these faithfully reproduce the trends seen in the NMR studies of trans-[MCl2(PhobPR)2]. Rotational profiles have also been calculated for [tBu2PR-PdCl3]−, and these show that the greater the bulk of the R group, the lower the rotational barrier: i.e., the opposite of the trend for [PhobPR-PdCl3]−. Calculated structures for the species at the maxima and minima in the M–P rotation energy curves indicate the origin of the restricted rotation. In the case of the PhobPR complexes, it is the rigidity of the bicycle that enforces unfavorable H···Cl clashes involving the Pd–Cl groups with H atoms on the α- or β-carbon in the R substituent and H atoms in 1,3-axial sites within the phosphabicycle

Fluidised-bed chlorination of oxidised titania slag

Please read the abstract in the section, 00front of this documentDissertation (MSc (Metallurgy))--University of Pretoria, 2004.Materials Science and Metallurgical EngineeringMScunrestricte