Effects of the pitch configuration design on players’ physical performance and movement behaviour during soccer small-sided games

This study aimed to identify the effects of different pitch configurations on youth players positional and physical performances. Forty players participated in a Gk + 5vs5 + Gk small-sided game under four conditions: regular condition (regular), pitch with the direction of competitive matches; sided condition (sided), goals were changed to width; different pitch orientation (≠orientation), performed in side-to-side line compared to competitive matches; dynamic pitch (dynamic), boundaries were randomly changed every minute by: regular pitch; decrease 6 m width; diamond shape. The following variables were considered: players' effective playing space, distance between teammates' dyads time spent synchronized, average speed and a ratio between the distance covered at different intensities and distance covered while recovering. Overall, players exhibited better performances in pitches that are more representative of the environmental information seen during competitive matches (regular and ≠orientation). However, coaches may also use different boundary conditions to promote the players' ability to adapt to different context information.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Raciocínio Crítico e Jogos de Empresas

A tecnologia atrai a atenção das novas gerações como a denominada “Geração Y” ou mesmo a “Z”, porém compete com outras atividades que desenvolvem raciocínio critico, como a leitura e solução de problemas. Os softwares chamados de Jogos de Empresas proporcionam uma prática relevante, dado que existe a necessidade de um laboratório (presencial ou virtual) onde os alunos possam realizar experimentos com base na teoria ensinada. Existem softwares desenhados para o desenvolvimento de habilidades de raciocínio crítico por meio da prática de situações cotidianas ou de simulações empresariais (TITTON, 2006; CARNIELLI, BUENO-SOLER E SILVA, 2011). O objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi avaliar empiricamente a aplicação de uma simulação de Mercado de Capitais para o desenvolvimento de habilidades de Raciocínio Crítico em alunos da área de Negócios. Durante o segundo semestre de 2014, foram analisados os desempenhos de alunos da disciplina Mercado de Capitais do curso de graduação em Administração de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior do interior do Estado de São Paulo. O instrumento de avaliação de raciocínio crítico foi o Ennis Weir Critical Thinking Essay Test (EWCTET). Os participantes preencheram no início e no final do semestre um teste que avalia habilidades de raciocínio crítico (Ennis Weir Critical Thinking Essay Test – EWCTET). O principal resultado foi que a simulação de Mercado de Capitais não obteve efeito significativo no desenvolvimento de habilidades de raciocínio crítico na turma experimento. Este trabalho possui como principal contribuição a inserção da variável Jogos de Empresas nas pesquisas sobre o desenvolvimento de habilidades de Raciocínio Crítico e se justifica por dar continuidade às pesquisas anteriores. Esta pesquisa contribui também para o aumento da discussão sobre diferentes metodologias, ferramentas e recursos que possam ao mesmo tempo melhorar, incentivar e motivar o aprendizado do aluno e desenvolver habilidades requeridas pelo mercado profissional e acadêmico.

Uso de substâncias psicoativas por estudantes rurais: distribuição por sexo e idade

Doi: 10.5902/2179769214144Objective: to analyze the lifetime use of alcohol, tobacco and other drugs, and their distribution by sex and age of students of elementary and high school, in a rural public school. Method: quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study, conducted from August to November of 2011 with 146 students in Petrolina and analyzed by Microsoft Excel 2007. As for the criteria of eligibility, elligible students had to be over 18 and sign the Informed Consent or, if underage, obtain the parents’ signature. Results: there was greater lifetime use of alcohol, predominantly among women of 16-18 years old; 16.44% used cigarettes, without distinction of sex; and 3.42% used illicit drugs, prevailing men. Conclusions: educational strategies, through school, family or government, are necessary to promote dialogues with students, reducing the use of alcohol, tobacco and other drugs among students.Objetivo: analizar el consumo de alcohol, tabaco y otras drogas y su distribución por sexo y edad entre estudiantes de una escuela pública rural de primaria y secundaria. Método: estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal, realizado entre agosto y noviembre de 2011 con 146 estudiantes en Petrolina (PE, Brasil) y analizados con Microsoft Excel 2007. Como criterios de elegibilidad se exigió ser mayor de 18 años y firmar un consentimiento informado o, para menores de edad, obtener la firma del responsable. Resultados: se verificó mayor consumo de alcohol, predominantemente entre mujeres de 16-18 años; 16,44% consumen cigarrillos, sin distinción de sexo; y 3,42% consumen drogas ilícitas, prevaleciendo los hombres. Conclusiones: estrategias educativas, a través de la escuela, la familia o el gobierno, son necesarios en la promoción de diálogos con los estudiantes, para reducir el consumo de alcohol, tabaco y otras drogas entre los estudiantes.Doi: 10.5902/2179769214144Objetivo: analisar o uso na vida de álcool, tabaco e outras drogas e sua distribuição por sexo e idade em estudantes do fundamental II e médio, de uma escola pública e rural. Método: estudo quantitativo, descritivo e transversal, realizado de agosto a novembro de 2011 com 146 estudantes de Petrolina e analisado pelo programa Microsoft Excel 2007. Como critérios de elegibilidade elegeu-se ser maior de 18 anos e assinar o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido ou, se menor, obter a assinatura do responsável. Resultados: verificou-se maior uso na vida por álcool, predominando mulheres de 16 a 18 anos; 16,44% usaram cigarro, sem distinção do sexo; e 3,42% usaram drogas ilícitas, prevalecendo os homens. Conclusões: estratégias educacionais, através da escola, família ou governo, são necessárias na promoção de diálogos com os alunos, reduzindo o uso de álcool, tabaco e outras drogas entre estudantes

Hydrogen peroxide production regulates the mitochondrial function in insulin resistant muscle cells: Effect of catalase overexpression

AbstractThe mitochondrial redox state plays a central role in the link between mitochondrial overloading and insulin resistance. However, the mechanism by which the ROS induce insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells is not completely understood. We examined the association between mitochondrial function and H2O2 production in insulin resistant cells. Our hypothesis is that the low mitochondrial oxygen consumption leads to elevated ROS production by a mechanism associated with reduced PGC1α transcription and low content of phosphorylated CREB. The cells were transfected with either the encoded sequence for catalase overexpression or the specific siRNA for catalase inhibition. After transfection, myotubes were incubated with palmitic acid (500μM) and the insulin response, as well as mitochondrial function and fatty acid metabolism, was determined. The low mitochondrial oxygen consumption led to elevated ROS production by a mechanism associated with β-oxidation of fatty acids. Rotenone was observed to reduce the ratio of ROS production. The elevated H2O2 production markedly decreased the PGC1α transcription, an effect that was accompanied by a reduced phosphorylation of Akt and CREB. The catalase transfection prevented the reduction in the phosphorylated level of Akt and upregulated the levels of phosphorylated CREB. The mitochondrial function was elevated and H2O2 production reduced, thus increasing the insulin sensitivity. The catalase overexpression improved mitochondrial respiration protecting the cells from fatty acid-induced, insulin resistance. This effect indicates that control of hydrogen peroxide production regulates the mitochondrial respiration preventing the insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells by a mechanism associated with CREB phosphorylation and β-oxidation of fatty acids

High anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroconversion rates before the second wave in Manaus, Brazil, and the protective effect of social behaviour measures: results from the prospective DETECTCoV-19 cohort

Background: The city of Manaus, Brazil, has seen two collapses of the health system due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We report anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibody seroconversion rates and associated risk factors in Manaus residents before the second wave of the epidemic in Brazil. Methods: A convenience sample of adult (aged ≥18 years) residents of Manaus was recruited through online and university website advertising into the DETECTCoV-19 study cohort. The current analysis of seroconversion included a subgroup of DETECTCoV-19 participants who had at least two serum sample collections separated by at least 4 weeks between Aug 19 and Oct 2, 2020 (visit 1), and Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020 (visit 2). Those who reported (or had no data on) having a COVID-19 diagnosis before visit 1, and who were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at visit 1 were excluded. Using an in-house ELISA, the reactivity index (RI; calculated as the optical density ratio of the sample to the negative control) for serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies was measured at both visits. We calculated the incidence of seroconversion (defined as RI values ≤1·5 at visit 1 and ≥1·5 at visit 2, and a ratio >2 between the visit 2 and visit 1 RI values) during the study period, as well as incidence rate ratios (IRRs) through cluster-corrected and adjusted Poisson regression models to analyse associations between seroconversion and variables related to sociodemographic characteristics, health access, comorbidities, COVID-19 exposure, protective behaviours, and symptoms. Findings: 2496 DETECTCoV-19 cohort participants returned for a follow-up visit between Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020, of whom 204 reported having COVID-19 before the first visit and 24 had no data regarding previous disease status. 559 participants were seropositive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at baseline. Of the remaining 1709 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 71 did not meet the criteria for seroconversion and were excluded from the analyses. Among the remaining 1638 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 214 showed seroconversion at visit 2. The seroconversion incidence was 13·06% (95% CI 11·52–14·79) overall and 6·78% (5·61–8·10) for symptomatic seroconversion, over a median follow-up period of 57 days (IQR 54–61). 48·1% of seroconversion events were estimated to be asymptomatic. The sample had higher proportions of affluent and higher-educated people than those reported for the Manaus city population. In the fully adjusted and corrected model, risk factors for seroconversion before visit 2 were having a COVID-19 case in the household (IRR 1·49 [95% CI 1·21–1·83]), not wearing a mask during contact with a person with COVID-19 (1·25 [1·09–1·45]), relaxation of physical distancing (1·31 [1·05–1·64]), and having flu-like symptoms (1·79 [1·23–2·59]) or a COVID-19 diagnosis (3·57 [2·27–5·63]) between the first and second visits, whereas working remotely was associated with lower incidence (0·74 [0·56–0·97]). Interpretation: An intense infection transmission period preceded the second wave of COVID-19 in Manaus. Several modifiable behaviours increased the risk of seroconversion, including non-compliance with non-pharmaceutical interventions measures such as not wearing a mask during contact, relaxation of protective measures, and non-remote working. Increased testing in high-transmission areas is needed to provide timely information about ongoing transmission and aid appropriate implementation of transmission mitigation measures. Funding: Ministry of Education, Brazil; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas; Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)/WHO.World Health OrganizationRevisión por pare

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio