Das UWV-Analysemodell : eine korpusgesteuerte Methode zur linguistischen Systematisierung von Wortverbindungen

Die im Folgenden dargestellte korpusgesteuerte Methode "UWV-Analysemodell" wurde auf der Basis der Forschungen zu usuellen Wortverbindungen (UWV) (vgl. Steyer 2000, 2003, 2004, Steyer/Lauer 2007, Brunner/Steyer 2007, Steyer 2008, Steyer demn.) und zahlreicher, exhaustiver Analysen in den letzten Jahren entwickelt. Ziel war ein empirisches Vorgehensmodell, das es ermöglicht, die Differenziertheit und Vernetztheit von Wortverbindungen auf verschiedenen Abstraktionsebenen ausgehend von Kookkurrenzdaten angemessen darzustellen. Daher ging es in dieser Arbeitsphase nicht darum, usuelle Wortverbindungen des Deutschen möglichst umfassend und in großer Menge zu inventarisieren, sondern die "innere Natur" von Wortverbindungen zwischen Varianz und Invarianz mit unterschiedlichen Graden an lexikalischer Spezifiziertheit sowie ihre wechselseitigen Verbindungen im Detail zu erfassen und zu beschreiben

Wortverbindungsfelder - fields of multiword expressions

In this paper we outline our corpus-driven approach to detecting, describing and presenting multi- word expressions (MWEs). Our goal is to treat MWEs in a way that gives credit to their flexible nature and their role in language use. The bases of our research are a very large corpus and a Statistical method of collocation analysis. The rich empirical data is interpreted linguistically in a structured way which captures the interrelations, patterns and types of variances of MWEs. Several levels of abstraction build on each other: surface patterns, lexical realizations (LRs), MWEs and MWE patterns. Generalizations are made in a controlled way and in adherence to corpus evidence. The results are published online in a hypertext format

Contexts, patterns, interrelations - new ways of presenting multi-word expressions

This contribution presents the newest version of our ’Wortverbindungsfelder’ (fields of multi-word expressions), an experimental lexicographic resource that focusses on aspects of MWEs that are rarely addressed in traditional descriptions: Contexts, patterns and interrelations. The MWE fields use data from a very large corpus of written German (over 6 billion word forms) and are created in a strictly corpus-based way. In addition to traditional lexicographic descriptions, they include quantitative corpus data which is structured in new ways in order to show the usage specifics. This way of looking at MWEs gives insight in the structure of language and is especially interesting for foreign language learners

Recovery of renal function after long-term dialysis in hemolytic uremic syndrome

Long-lasting recovery of renal function of the native kidneys after prolonged renal replacement therapy is rare. An 8-year-old girl and a 3-year-old boy had suffered from acute atypical and diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), respectively, with subsequent apparent end-stage renal failure. Both recovered renal function after long-lasting anuria and dialysis of 8 and 16months, respectively. After prolonged follow-up, i.e., 7 and 5years after cessation of dialysis, they attained normal or slightly reduced renal function (plasma creatinine 84 and 90µmol/l, respectively). In addition, growth and cognitive development were normal. We conclude that caution is appropriate before offering early renal transplantation to pediatric patients with presumed end-stage kidney disease secondary to HU

Qualitätssicherungsverfahren, Prozess- und Ergebnisqualität an Schulen in Berlin und Brandenburg

Im Mittelpunkt des Berichts des Instituts für Schulqualität der Länder Berlin und Brandenburg (ISQ) stehen die Eckpunkte der Bildungssysteme, wichtige Faktoren der Qualitätssicherung von schulischen Prozessen sowie zentrale Bildungsergebnisse im Verlauf der Schülerkarriere in Berlin und Brandenburg. Dabei präsentiert der Schulqualitätsbericht für Berlin und Brandenburg eine problemorientierte Analyse der Bildungssituation in der Region. Problemorientierung heißt, zentrale Entwicklungen im Bildungswesen für Politik und Öffentlichkeit erkennbar zu machen und möglichen Handlungsbedarf aufzuzeigen, ohne jedoch Wertungen vorzunehmen oder politische Empfehlungen abzugeben. Der vorliegende Bericht verfolgt dasselbe Ziel wie seine Vorgänger (wenn auch in thematisch engerem Rahmen): In der Zusammenstellung relevanter und empirisch gesicherter Daten und Informationen soll ein Beitrag geleistet werden, Diskussionen und Entscheidungen im Bildungsbereich durch die Bereitstellung von (zusätzlichen) Fakten anzureichern

Development and validation of a classification and scoring system for the diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinomas through confocal laser endomicroscopy

Background Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is an optical biopsy method allowing in vivo microscopic imaging at 1000-fold magnification. It was the aim to evaluate CLE in the human oral cavity for the differentiation of physiological/carcinomatous mucosa and to establish and validate, for the first time, a scoring system to facilitate CLE assessment. Methods The study consisted of 4 phases: (1) CLE-imaging (in vivo) was performed after the intravenous injection of fluorescein in patients with histologically confirmed carcinomatous oral mucosa; (2) CLE-experts (n = 3) verified the applicability of CLE in the oral cavity for the differentiation between physiological and cancerous tissue compared to the gold standard of histopathological assessment; (3) based on specific patterns of tissue changes, CLE-experts (n = 3) developed a classification and scoring system (DOC-Score) to simplify the diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinomas; (4) validation of the newly developed DOC-Score by non-CLE-experts (n = 3); final statistical evaluation of their classification performance (comparison to the results of CLE-experts and the histopathological analyses). Results Experts acquired and edited 45 sequences (260 s) of physiological and 50 sequences (518 s) of carcinomatous mucosa (total: 95 sequences/778 s). All sequences were evaluated independently by experts and non-experts (based on the newly proposed classification system). Sensitivity (0.953) and specificity (0.889) of the diagnoses by experts as well as sensitivity (0.973) and specificity (0.881) of the non-expert ratings correlated well with the results of the present gold standard of tissue histopathology. Experts had a positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.905 and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.945. Non-experts reached a PPV of 0.901 and a NPV of 0.967 with the help of the DOC-Score. Inter-rater reliability (Fleiss` kappa) was 0.73 for experts and 0.814 for non-experts. The intra-rater reliability (Cronbach’s alpha) of the experts was 0.989 and 0.884 for non-experts. Conclusions CLE is a suitable and valid method for experts to diagnose oral cancer. Using the DOC-Score system, an accurate chair-side diagnosis of oral cancer is feasible with comparable results to the gold standard of histopathology—even in daily clinical practice for non-experienced raters

Migration of Th1 Lymphocytes Is Regulated by CD152 (CTLA-4)-Mediated Signaling via PI3 Kinase-Dependent Akt Activation

Efficient adaptive immune responses require the localization of T lymphocytes in secondary lymphoid organs and inflamed tissues. To achieve correct localization of T lymphocytes, the migration of these cells is initiated and directed by adhesion molecules and chemokines. It has recently been shown that the inhibitory surface molecule CD152 (CTLA-4) initiates Th cell migration, but the molecular mechanism underlying this effect remains to be elucidated. Using CD4 T lymphocytes derived from OVA-specific TCR transgenic CD152-deficient and CD152-competent mice, we demonstrate that chemokine-triggered signal transduction is differentially regulated by CD152 via phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent activation of protein kinase B (PKB/Akt). In the presence of CD152 signaling, the chemoattractant CCL4 selectively induces the full activation of Akt via phosphorylation at threonine 308 and serine 473 in pro-inflammatory Th lymphocytes expressing the cognate chemokine receptor CCR5. Akt signals lead to cytoskeleton rearrangements, which are indispensable for migration. Therefore, this novel Akt-modulating function of CD152 signals affecting T cell migration demonstrates that boosting CD152 or its down-stream signal transduction could aid therapies aimed at sensitizing T lymphocytes for optimal migration, thus contributing to a precise and effective immune response

Efficacy of Budesonide Orodispersible Tablets as Induction Therapy for Eosinophilic Esophagitis in a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Swallowed topical-acting corticosteroids are recommended as first-line therapy for eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Asthma medications not optimized for esophageal delivery are sometimes effective, although given off-label. We performed a randomized, placebo-controlled trial to assess the effectiveness and tolerability of a budesonide orodispersible tablet (BOT), which allows the drug to be delivered to the esophagus in adults with active EoE. METHODS: We performed a double-blind, parallel study of 88 adults with active EoE in Europe. Patients were randomly assigned to groups that received BOT (1 mg twice daily; n = 59) or placebo (n = 29) for 6 weeks. The primary end point was complete remission, based on clinical and histologic factors, including dysphagia and odynophagia severity ≤2 on a scale of 0-10 on each of the 7 days before the end of the double-blind phase and a peak eosinophil count <5 eosinophils/high power field. Patients who did not achieve complete remission at the end of the 6-week double-blind phase were offered 6 weeks of open-label treatment with BOT (1 mg twice daily). RESULTS: At 6 weeks, 58% of patients given BOT were in complete remission compared with no patients given placebo (P < .0001). The secondary end point of histologic remission was achieved by 93% of patients given BOT vs no patients given placebo (P < .0001). After 12 weeks, 85% of patients had achieved remission. Six-week and 12-week BOT administration were safe and well tolerated; 5% of patients who received BOT developed symptomatic, mild candida, which was easily treated with an oral antifungal agent. CONCLUSIONS: In a randomized trial of adults with active EoE, we found that budesonide oral tablets were significantly more effective than placebo in inducing clinical and histologic remission. Eudra-CT number 2014-001485-99; ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT02434029