1,008 research outputs found
Note and Comment
Ignorance and Mistake of Law Caused by Over-Ruled Cases; The Doctrine of Exemplary Damages in Its Application to Corporations; When is a Will Signed At the End? : Construction of the Code Phrase Subject of Actio
Coping with Positive and Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Objective: Although coping with positive symptoms of schizophrenia has been studied widely, few studies have examined coping with negative symptoms. This study compares the appraisal of stressfulness and coping patterns in response to positive and negative symptoms experienced by clients with schizophrenia attending a community mental health center.
Methods: Clients were interviewed to assess symptom severity, appraisal of symptom stressfulness, and coping strategies used for selected symptoms rated as severe and reported as stressful. Open-ended responses from clients regarding coping strategies were coded according to an a priori coding scheme.
Results: Clients reported negative symptoms as less stressful, and they used fewer coping strategies in response than they did for positive symptoms. Clients used some types of coping more than others: behavioral more than cognitive, nonsocial more than social, emotion-focused more than problem-focused, and avoidant more than nonavoidant.
Conclusions: Clients more often report positive symptoms as stressful compared with negative symptoms, though negative symptoms are still reported as stressful to a certain degree, indicating a need to improve our ability to help clients cope with negative symptoms. Clients are less likely to use coping strategies to counteract negative symptoms compared with positive symptoms. Implications are discussed for developing interventions tailored to promoting awareness of and ways of coping with negative symptoms
Systemic uptake and intestinal inflammatory effects of luminal bacterial cell wall polymers in rats with acute colonic injury.
The systemic uptake and local intestinal inflammatory potential of luminal bacterial cell wall polymers in rats with normal and acutely inflamed colons were measured. Rats were injected intracecally with either 125I-labeled group A streptococcal peptidoglycan-polysaccharide complexes or equal amounts of Na125I, after either nonspecific colonic injury with 4% acetic acid or injection with buffer. The colons of rats injected with peptidoglycan-polysaccharide had higher inflammatory scores than Na125I-injected rats, a greater incidence of mucosal ulceration and transmural inflammation after acetic acid injury, and an increased frequency of focal accumulations of inflammatory cells in the lamina propria and submucosa after buffer injection. Radioactivity in the liver, spleen, and mesenteric lymph nodes was higher in the colon-injured rats that received peptidoglycan-polysaccharide 48 h before tissue collection than in the noninjured rats (P less than 0.002). Group A streptococcal polysaccharide antigen concentration within the liver, spleen, and mesenteric lymph nodes, measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, was significantly higher in the colon-injured rats that received cell wall polymers than in noninjured rats. These results indicate that luminal bacterial cell wall polymers with well-described inflammatory and immunoregulatory potential can cross injured colonic epithelia and are capable of initiating and potentiating intestinal inflammation
Spreading in Social Systems: Reflections
In this final chapter, we consider the state-of-the-art for spreading in
social systems and discuss the future of the field. As part of this reflection,
we identify a set of key challenges ahead. The challenges include the following
questions: how can we improve the quality, quantity, extent, and accessibility
of datasets? How can we extract more information from limited datasets? How can
we take individual cognition and decision making processes into account? How
can we incorporate other complexity of the real contagion processes? Finally,
how can we translate research into positive real-world impact? In the
following, we provide more context for each of these open questions.Comment: 7 pages, chapter to appear in "Spreading Dynamics in Social Systems";
Eds. Sune Lehmann and Yong-Yeol Ahn, Springer Natur
Cataclysmic Variables from SDSS II. The Second Year
The first full year of operation following the commissioning year of the
Sloan Digital Sky Survey has revealed a wide variety of newly discovered
cataclysmic variables. We show the SDSS spectra of forty-two cataclysmic
variables observed in 2002, of which thirty-five are new classifications, four
are known dwarf novae (CT Hya, RZ Leo, T Leo and BZ UMa), one is a known CV
identified from a previous quasar survey (Aqr1) and two are known ROSAT or
FIRST discovered CVs (RX J09445+0357, FIRST J102347.6+003841). The SDSS
positions, colors and spectra of all forty-two systems are presented. In
addition, the results of follow-up studies of several of these objects identify
the orbital periods, velocity curves and polarization that provide the system
geometry and accretion properties. While most of the SDSS discovered systems
are faint (>18th mag) with low accretion rates (as implied from their spectral
characteristics), there are also a few bright objects which may have escaped
previous surveys due to changes in the mass transfer rate.Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 126, Sep.
2003, 44 pages, 25 figures (now with adjacent captions), AASTeX v5.
Confirmation of SBS 1150+599A As An Extremely Metal-Poor Planetary Nebula
SBS 1150+599A is a blue stellar object at high galactic latitude discovered
in the Second Byurakan Survey. New high-resolution images of SBS 1150+599A are
presented, demonstrating that it is very likely to be an old planetary nebula
in the galactic halo, as suggested by Tovmassian et al (2001). An H-alpha image
taken with the WIYN 3.5-m telescope and its "tip/tilt" module reveals the
diameter of the nebula to be 9.2", comparable to that estimated from spectra by
Tovmassian et al. Lower limits to the central star temperature were derived
using the Zanstra hydrogen and helium methods to determine that the star's
effective temperature must be > 68,000K and that the nebula is optically thin.
New spectra from the MMT and FLWO telescopes are presented, revealing the
presence of strong [Ne V] lambda 3425, indicating that the central star
temperature must be > 100,000K. With the revised diameter, new central star
temperature, and an improved central star luminosity, we can constrain
photoionization models for the nebula significantly better than before. Because
the emission-line data set is sparse, the models are still not conclusive.
Nevertheless, we confirm that this nebula is an extremely metal-poor planetary
nebula, having a value for O/H that is less than 1/100 solar, and possibly as
low as 1/500 solar.Comment: 19 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astronomical
Journa
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