Comparing RNA structures using a full set of biologically relevant edit operations is intractable

7 pagesArc-annotated sequences are useful for representing structural information of RNAs and have been extensively used for comparing RNA structures in both terms of sequence and structural similarities. Among the many paradigms referring to arc-annotated sequences and RNA structures comparison (see \cite{IGMA_BliDenDul08} for more details), the most important one is the general edit distance. The problem of computing an edit distance between two non-crossing arc-annotated sequences was introduced in \cite{Evans99}. The introduced model uses edit operations that involve either single letters or pairs of letters (never considered separately) and is solvable in polynomial-time \cite{ZhangShasha:1989}. To account for other possible RNA structural evolutionary events, new edit operations, allowing to consider either silmutaneously or separately letters of a pair were introduced in \cite{jiangli}; unfortunately at the cost of computational tractability. It has been proved that comparing two RNA secondary structures using a full set of biologically relevant edit operations is {\sf\bf NP}-complete. Nevertheless, in \cite{DBLP:conf/spire/GuignonCH05}, the authors have used a strong combinatorial restriction in order to compare two RNA stem-loops with a full set of biologically relevant edit operations; which have allowed them to design a polynomial-time and space algorithm for comparing general secondary RNA structures. In this paper we will prove theoretically that comparing two RNA structures using a full set of biologically relevant edit operations cannot be done without strong combinatorial restrictions

Nearest constrained circular words

In this paper, we study circular words arising in the development of equipment using shields in brachytherapy. This equipment has physical constraints that have to be taken into consideration. From an algorithmic point of view, the problem can be formulated as follows: Given a circular word, find a constrained circular word of the same length such that the Manhattan distance between these two words is minimal. We show that we can solve this problem in pseudo polynomial time (polynomial time in practice) using dynamic programming

Bibliothèques publiques britanniques contemporaines

Cet ouvrage se propose de revenir sur les fermetures massives, depuis 2010, des bibliothèques publiques en Grande-Bretagne. Quelle a été la chronologie des plus de 300 fermetures de sites ? Comment en comprendre l’histoire et les logiques ? Pour la première fois accessible aux lecteurs français, une documentation spécialisée, traduite et éditorialisée, permet de comprendre les enjeux du débat sur la lecture publique dans un pays historiquement fer de lance pour son réseau de bibliothèques. Dirigé par Cécile Touitou, assistée de Karine Lespinasse, le livre réunit un collectif d’auteurs experts, français et britanniques

Nouvelles données sur l’agglomération antique d’<i>Epomanduodurum</i> (Mandeure et Mathay, Doubs)

International audienceDem antiken Mandeure-Mathay (Epomanduodurum), dem aufgrund seiner Größe und seiner bedeutenden Monumentalbauten im Sequanerland der zweite Platz nach dem Civitas-Hauptort Besançon zukommt, ist seit 2001 ein pluridisziplinäres Forschungsprojekt gewidmet. Im Anschluß an einen im Jahrgang 2007 dieser Zeitschrift vorgelegten Beitrag berichtet das vorliegende Dossier über die Forschungen der Jahre 2005 bis 2011. Parallel zur Weiterführung und Vertiefung der im Bereich der Kult- und Monumentalbauten begonnenen Arbeiten, trieb das Forschungsteam während dieses zweiten Projektabschnittes verschiedene Studien zur gesamten antiken Stadtanlage und der sie umgebenden Mikroregion voran. Diese Untersuchungen liefern neue Einsichten zur Entstehung, Entwicklung und zum Niedergang von Epomanduodurum und tragen zu einem vertieften Verständnis der Gestalt dieser Stadt und ihrer religiösen, ökonomischen und sozialen Organisation im Zeitraum vom Ende der Eisenzeit bis zum Frühmittelalter bei.A collective research program is studying since 2001 the ancient agglomeration of Mandeure-Mathay (Epomanduodurum), considered as second one after the chief town Besançon, in the Sequani territory, by its size and its impressive monumental buildings. This article, following a previous paper published in Gallia in 2007, draws up a report of the researches completed between 2005 and 2011. In this second stage, alongside the ongoing in-depth investigations on cult and monumental area, the PCR (Collective Program Research) team intensified its different studies and researches on the ancient agglomeration and its microregional environment. These studies lead to a better understanding of the appearance, development and decline of Epomanduodurum ; a better knowledge of its morphology, and its religious, economic and social organization between the end of the Iron Age and the Early Middle Ages.L’agglomération antique de Mandeure-Mathay (Epomanduodurum), considérée comme la seconde du pays séquane par ses dimensions et l’ampleur de sa parure monumentale, derrière la capitale de cité, Besançon, fait l’objet d’un programme collectif de recherche (PCR), pluridisciplinaire, depuis 2001. Le présent dossier, qui fait suite à un précédent article paru dans Gallia en 2007, dresse un bilan des recherches réalisées entre 2005 et 2011. Dans cette seconde étape, parallèlement à la poursuite et à l’approfondissement des actions engagées sur le secteur cultuel et monumental, l’équipe du PCR a accentué les études et investigations de diverses natures portant sur l’ensemble de l’agglomération antique et sur l’espace microrégional dans lequel celle-ci s’insère. Ces recherches aboutissent à une meilleure compréhension des modalités d’émergence, de développement et de déclin de la ville d’Epomanduodurum, et à une connaissance plus approfondie de sa morphologie et de son organisation religieuse, économique et sociale, entre la fin de l’âge du Fer et le haut Moyen Âge

Detection of the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background with JUNO

As an underground multi-purpose neutrino detector with 20 kton liquid scintillator, Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is competitive with and complementary to the water-Cherenkov detectors on the search for the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB). Typical supernova models predict 2-4 events per year within the optimal observation window in the JUNO detector. The dominant background is from the neutral-current (NC) interaction of atmospheric neutrinos with 12C nuclei, which surpasses the DSNB by more than one order of magnitude. We evaluated the systematic uncertainty of NC background from the spread of a variety of data-driven models and further developed a method to determine NC background within 15\% with {\it{in}} {\it{situ}} measurements after ten years of running. Besides, the NC-like backgrounds can be effectively suppressed by the intrinsic pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) capabilities of liquid scintillators. In this talk, I will present in detail the improvements on NC background uncertainty evaluation, PSD discriminator development, and finally, the potential of DSNB sensitivity in JUNO

Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster

A wide variety of enzymatic pathways that produce specialized metabolites in bacteria, fungi and plants are known to be encoded in biosynthetic gene clusters. Information about these clusters, pathways and metabolites is currently dispersed throughout the literature, making it difficult to exploit. To facilitate consistent and systematic deposition and retrieval of data on biosynthetic gene clusters, we propose the Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster (MIBiG) data standard.Chemistry and Chemical Biolog