DIÁLOGOS URBANOS NO TERRITÓRIO PAULO FREIRE: Políticas Públicas e Construção do Direito à Cidade.

A gestão ambiental no espaço urbano ocorre na interface ambiente natural/ambiente construído, e apropriação do espaço, na transformação da paisagem, na identidade com o lugar, no exercício de poder, no território e suas novas territorialidades. O projeto “Diálogos Urbanos no Território Paulo Freire – políticas públicas e construção do direito à cidade” discute o espaço urbano e seus processos de gestão, tendo o fator ambiental como elo de religação das pessoas com o espaço habitado para o resgate das relações dialógicas homem/ambiente na reflexão das ações e reações das territorialidades construídas no Bairro Cidade Mineira na periferia de Criciúma, SC, Brasil. A metodologia utilizada no projeto é problematizadora e democrática desde o planejamento das ações, à sua realização, até a avaliação. Com atividades de integração e troca de saberes entre a Universidade e Sociedade, a mobilização dos participantes em torno de processos de construção de mecanismos e ferramentas participativas que permitam o desenvolvimento da identidade territorial; o diagnóstico e mapeamento dos problemas ambientais vividos pela comunidade; a contribuição na busca de soluções; e a consolidação das políticas públicas ambientais. As atividades são realizadas com encontros quinzenais, por meio de oficinas e rodas de conversas voltadas para debates e levantamento de questões ambientais trazidas pelos participantes em metodologias participativas e dinâmicas de grupo linha do tempo, biomapa, diagnóstico rápido participativo, árvore de problemas, atividades e exposições. A comunidade por meio da participação e integração ao longo dos encontros, um novo nível de empoderamento e autonomia comunitária e social

PROJETO DE EXTENSÃO DIÁLOGOS URBANOS NO TERRITÓRIO PAULO FREIRE: POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS E CONSTRUÇÃO DO DIREITO À CIDADE

PROJETO DE EXTENSÃO DIÁLOGOS URBANOS NO TERRITÓRIO PAULO FREIRE: POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS E CONSTRUÇÃO DO DIREITO À CIDAD

ESPAÇO, SUBJETIVIDADE E DESENRAIZAMENTO CULTURAL: UMA ANÁLISE DO PROCESSO DE APROPRIAÇÃO DO ESPAÇO DA CIDADE PELOS IMIGRANTES GANESES CHEGADOS A CRICIÚMA A PARTIR DE 2014

Este artigo pretende analisar o processo de apropriação do espaço de imigrantes ganeses na cidade de Criciúma, SC. Insere-se no âmbito da Psicologia Ambiental – PA. O conceito de apropriação do espaço é uma das principais concepções da PA e refere-se à relação do indivíduo com o seu ambiente. O espaço apropriado reflete elementos da história pessoal e social do indivíduo e de sua subjetividade. Espaço e lugar são categorias teóricas trabalhadas, que servem como elementos de análise das entrevistas. O problema de pesquisa está assentado nos entraves que esses imigrantes têm que enfrentar para se apropriarem do espaço da cidade de Criciúma devido às dificuldades de assimilar uma nova cultura em virtude do recente desenraizamento cultural. O coletivo da pesquisa foi composto por cinco pessoas filiadas à Associação da Comunidade de Ganeses de Criciúma-SC (COGACRI). A pesquisa caracteriza-se como qualitativa, cujo método utilizado foi o estudo de caso e a técnica de coleta dos dados foi a observação sistemática, entrevista semiestruturada, com perguntas abertas e fechadas.Palavras-chave: subjetividade, apropriação do espaço, psicologia ambiental

REMOTE TECHNICAL VISITS: A POSSIBLE APPROACH TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL TOPIC IN TEACHING UNITS

The COVID-19 pandemic and the distancing measures required adaptations in the entire teaching structure. In this context, the objective of this article is to report remote visits carried out for students attending High School courses integrated to the Technical and Higher Education levels about environmental topics. The visits to five companies/organizations took place by means of a project prepared by undergraduate students attending the FMU Environmental and Sanitary Engineering course, aiming to provide them with a virtual presentation of their processes in the environmental area. The participants in the visits were 231 students from High School courses integrated to the Technical level from two public schools and 152 attending courses integrated to Higher Education at a private institution. Thus, in a dynamic way, it was possible to show socio environmental activities developed by the companies/organizations, regarding different theoretical-practical aspects inherent to sustainability, such as waste management, ecological sanitation, vegetable gardens in small spaces, aquaponics systems and the importance of stingless bees, among others. It is considered that the Remote Visits Project is within a scenario marked by the expansion of educational procedures, enriching both the academic experiences of the students directly involved in the Project and those of the other students participating in the visits, due to the reflections and learning processes provided by the immersion in applied sustainability models, thus promoting interdisciplinary knowledge, sensitization and diverse information pertinent to the environmental issues addressed in the visits

Effect of Zirconium Oxide and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Physicochemical Properties and Antibiofilm Activity of a Calcium Silicate-Based Material

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibiofilm activity against Enterococcus faecalis, compressive strength. and radiopacity of Portland cement (PC) added to zirconium oxide (ZrO2), as radiopacifier, with or without nanoparticulated zinc oxide (ZnO). The following experimental materials were evaluated: PC, PC + ZrO2, PC + ZrO2 + ZnO (5%), and PC + ZrO2 + ZnO (10%). Antibiofilm activity was analyzed by using direct contact test (DCT) on Enterococcus faecalis biofilm, for 5 h or 15 h. The analysis was conducted by using the number of colony-forming units (CFU/mL). The compressive strength was performed in a mechanical testing machine. For the radiopacity tests, the specimens were radiographed together with an aluminium stepwedge. The results were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey tests, with level of significance at 5%. The results showed that all materials presented similar antibiofilm activity (P > 0.05). The addition of nanoparticulated ZnO decreased the compressive strength of PC. All materials presented higher radiopacity than pure PC. It can be concluded that the addition of ZrO2 and ZnO does not interfere with the antibiofilm activity and provides radiopacity to Portland cement. However, the presence of ZnO (5% or 10%) significantly decreased the compressive strength of the materials

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

AimAmazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types.LocationAmazonia.TaxonAngiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots).MethodsData for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny.ResultsIn the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2 = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2 = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types.Main ConclusionNumerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran\u27s eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R$^{2}$ = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R$^{2}$ = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Geographic patterns of tree dispersal modes in Amazonia and their ecological correlates

Aim: To investigate the geographic patterns and ecological correlates in the geographic distribution of the most common tree dispersal modes in Amazonia (endozoochory, synzoochory, anemochory and hydrochory). We examined if the proportional abundance of these dispersal modes could be explained by the availability of dispersal agents (disperser-availability hypothesis) and/or the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits (resource-availability hypothesis). Time period: Tree-inventory plots established between 1934 and 2019. Major taxa studied: Trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 9.55 cm. Location: Amazonia, here defined as the lowland rain forests of the Amazon River basin and the Guiana Shield. Methods: We assigned dispersal modes to a total of 5433 species and morphospecies within 1877 tree-inventory plots across terra-firme, seasonally flooded, and permanently flooded forests. We investigated geographic patterns in the proportional abundance of dispersal modes. We performed an abundance-weighted mean pairwise distance (MPD) test and fit generalized linear models (GLMs) to explain the geographic distribution of dispersal modes. Results: Anemochory was significantly, positively associated with mean annual wind speed, and hydrochory was significantly higher in flooded forests. Dispersal modes did not consistently show significant associations with the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits. A lower dissimilarity in dispersal modes, resulting from a higher dominance of endozoochory, occurred in terra-firme forests (excluding podzols) compared to flooded forests. Main conclusions: The disperser-availability hypothesis was well supported for abiotic dispersal modes (anemochory and hydrochory). The availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits seems an unlikely explanation for the distribution of dispersal modes in Amazonia. The association between frugivores and the proportional abundance of zoochory requires further research, as tree recruitment not only depends on dispersal vectors but also on conditions that favour or limit seedling recruitment across forest types