Estabilidad de fuentes supercontinuum: Análisis y aplicaciones

[ES] El trabajo aquí presentado trata el fenómeno SuperContinuum (SC), que se presenta y analiza en sus aplicaciones a nivel de investigación, centrándose en convertidores A/D fotónicos (PADC). Esta aplicación SC se analiza primero revisando el estado del arte de PADC y aplicaciones en el área de Telecomunicación. Asimismo, se informa del diseño de una arquitectura PADC de ensanchamiento temporal (TS-PADC) y sus límites de implementación claves centrándose en la estabilidad espectral de la fuente SC. Después se presenta una prueba de concepto experimental de un TS-PADC. Además, se desarrolla un modelo de simulación consistente para fuentes SC basadas en láser pulsado y fibra. De simulación variando varios parámetros, se diseña una fuente SC adecuada para un TS-PADC y se observa que el chirp y pedestales del láser pulsado tienen un impacto significativo en el SC. Finalmente, se propone y demuestra experimentalmente un método de medida estadístico de estabilidad espectral de fuentes SC. Decorrelando el comportamiento a corto y largo plazo, una fuente comercial con estabilidad ±0.03dB exhibe estabilidad a corto plazo ±0.01dB con probabilidad 89.36%.[EN] The work herein presented deals with the SuperContinuum (SC) phenomena, which is presented and analysed in their applications at research level, focusing on Photonic Analog-to-Digital Converters (PADC). This SC application is analysed first reviewing the state-of-the-art of PADC and applications in the Telecommunications area. A design guide for the Time-Stretching PADC architecture (TS-PADC) and the key implementation pitfalls to avoid are also reported focusing on the spectral stability of the SC source. Then, an experimental proof-of-principle of a TS-PADC is presented. Additionally, a consistent simulation model is developed for a SC source from pulsed laser and fiber. From simulation results varying several parameters, a SC source suitable for a TS-PADC is designed. Also, results show chirp and pedestals in the laser pulses have a significant impact on the SC. Finally, a statistical spectral stability measurement method for SC sources is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Decorrelating short-term and long-term behaviour, a commercial source with ±0.03dB stability exhibits ±0.01dB short-term stability with 89.36% probability.Beltrán Ramírez, M. (2007). Estabilidad de fuentes supercontinuum: Análisis y aplicaciones. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/12512Archivo delegad

Desarrollo y aplicación de un escape room sobre la tabla periódica

En este trabajo, se describe la implementación y puesta en marcha de un juego de escape (escape room), diseñado para conmemorar el Año Internacional de la Tabla Periódica de los Elementos Químicos y destinado a estudiantes de primeros cursos universitarios en carreras técnicas, así como a estudiantes de cursos inferiores. Se pretende que, a través del juego, los participantes adquieran competencias específicas básicas de Química y competencias transversales como trabajo en grupo y creatividad y, al mismo tiempo, comprendan la dificultad que conlleva un descubrimiento científico de la magnitud de la Tabla Periódica de Mendeléyev. El escape room se ha probado con varios grupos de alumnos de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid con éxito, aunque se espera su implementación más masiva durante los primeros meses del curso 2019-20. También se describen de forma cualitativa los resultados de la implementación preliminar realizada

Feasibility Study and Experimental Verification of Simplified Fiber-Supported 60-GHz Picocell Mobile Backhaul Links

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a fiber-wireless transmission system for optimized delivery of 60-GHz radio frequency (RF) signals through picocell mobile backhaul connections. We identify advantages of 60-GHz links for utilization in short-range mobile backhaul through feasibility analysis and comparison with an alternative E-band (60-90 GHz) technology. The 60-GHz fiber-wireless-fiber setup is then introduced: two spans of up to 20 km of optical fiber are deployed and bridged by up to 4 m of wireless distance. The 60-GHz radio-over-fiber technology is utilized in the first span of fiber transmission. The system is simplified and tailored for delivery of on-off keying data signals by employing a single module for lightwave generation and modulation combined with a simplified RF downconversion technique by envelope detection. Data signals of 1.25 Gb/s are transmitted, and a bit-error-rate performance below the 7% overhead forward-error-correction limit is achieved for a range of potential fiber deployment scenarios. A spurious free dynamic range of 73 dB-Hz2/3 is attained for a frequency-doubling photonic RF upconversion technique. The power budget margin that is required to extend the wireless transmission distance from 4 m to a few hundred meters has been taken into account in the setup design, and the techniques to extend the wireless distance are analyzed. © 2013 IEEE.Manuscript received July 5, 2013; revised July 29, 2013; accepted July 30, 2013. Date of current version August 20, 2013. The work of J. J. Vegas Olmos was supported in part by the Marie Curie Program through the WISCON project. M. Beltran and R. Llorente were supported by the Spain National Plan TEC2012-38558-C02-01 MODAL project. Corresponding author: A. Lebedev (e-mail: [email protected]).Lebedev, A.; Pang, X.; Vegas Olmos, JJ.; Beltrán Ramírez, M.; Llorente Sáez, R.; Forchhammer, S.; Tafur Monroy, I. (2013). Feasibility Study and Experimental Verification of Simplified Fiber-Supported 60-GHz Picocell Mobile Backhaul Links. IEEE Photonics Journal. 5(4):7200913-7200913. https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2013.2277011S720091372009135

Patients' and physicians' preferences for type 2 diabetes mellitus treatments in Spain and Portugal: a discrete choice experiment

Objective To assess Spanish and Portuguese patients’ and physicians’ preferences regarding type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatments and the monthly willingness to pay (WTP) to gain benefits or avoid side effects. Methods An observational, multicenter, exploratory study focused on routine clinical practice in Spain and Portugal. Physicians were recruited from multiple hospitals and outpatient clinics, while patients were recruited from eleven centers operating in the public health care system in different autonomous communities in Spain and Portugal. Preferences were measured via a discrete choice experiment by rating multiple T2DM medication attributes. Data were analyzed using the conditional logit model. Results Three-hundred and thirty (n=330) patients (49.7% female; mean age 62.4 [SD: 10.3] years, mean T2DM duration 13.9 [8.2] years, mean body mass index 32.5 [6.8] kg/m2, 41.8% received oral + injected medication, 40.3% received oral, and 17.6% injected treatments) and 221 physicians from Spain and Portugal (62% female; mean age 41.9 [SD: 10.5] years, 33.5% endocrinologists, 66.5% primary-care doctors) participated. Patients valued avoiding a gain in bodyweight of 3 kg/6 months (WTP: €68.14 [95% confidence interval: 54.55–85.08]) the most, followed by avoiding one hypoglycemic event/month (WTP: €54.80 [23.29–82.26]). Physicians valued avoiding one hypoglycemia/week (WTP: €287.18 [95% confidence interval: 160.31–1,387.21]) the most, followed by avoiding a 3 kg/6 months gain in bodyweight and decreasing cardiovascular risk (WTP: €166.87 [88.63–843.09] and €154.30 [98.13–434.19], respectively). Physicians and patients were willing to pay €125.92 (73.30–622.75) and €24.28 (18.41–30.31), respectively, to avoid a 1% increase in glycated hemoglobin, and €143.30 (73.39–543.62) and €42.74 (23.89–61.77) to avoid nausea. Conclusion Both patients and physicians in Spain and Portugal are willing to pay for the health benefits associated with improved diabetes treatment, the most important being to avoid hypoglycemia and gaining weight. Decreased cardiovascular risk and weight reduction became the third most valued attributes for physicians and patients, respectively

Educación para el siglo XXI: Derechos humanos, ciudadanía y diversidad sexual

172 p. Libro ElectrónicoEste libro recoge el resultado de la sistematización del programa “Maestros y maestras que inspiran” de la línea de Derechos humanos, ciudadanía y diversidad sexual. Estos documentos contienen los relatos de los docentes participantes, como resultado del trabajo dentro y fuera de las aulas en diferentes colegios del Distrito Capital. Los docentes narran sus experiencias desde los diversos contextos, así como las diferentes metodologías utilizadas todas con el fin de forta-lecer la ciudadanía, no solo de sus estudiantes, sino de ellos mismos, de padres y madres de familia y la comunidad en general. Finalmente nos cuentan, cuáles fueron los principales logros y las recomendacio-nes para otros docentes que quieran seguir sus pasos

Vivienda generadora de reconciliación, La Esperanza

Artículo de investigaciónSe presenta un modelo de vivienda basado en un modelo de habitabilidad, enfocado en las victimas del posconflicto, la reconciliación, la población campesina, la población que habita los bordes urbanos. A partir del conflicto que se genera en Colombia y no solamente del conflicto armado, sino del conflicto que enfrenta la humanidad por la falta de reconocimiento del otroIntroducción Metodología Resultados Discusión Conclusiones Referencias AnexosPregradoArquitect

Photonic Techniques for Next-Generation Integrated Optical Networks Based on Ultra-Wideband Radio / Técnicas Fotónicas para Redes Ópticas Integradas de Próxima Generación Basadas en Radio de Banda Ultra Ancha

La presenta Tesis Doctoral encuentra su ámbito de aplicación en redes de acceso ópticas de fibra hasta el hogar o FTTH (del inglés fibre-to-the-home). Las redes FTTH han sido ampliamente desplegadas en todo el mundo y se prevé que evolucionen hasta arquitecturas de multiplexación por división en longitud de onda o WDM(dle inglés wavelength division multiplexing). Conforme los requerimientos de capacidady ancho de banda por usuario para servicios de comunicación de banda ancha se incrementan continuamente, tecnologías tales como hybrid wireless-optical, radio de banda ultra ancha o UWB(del inglés ultra-wideband), y radio de onda milimétrica se están investigando como soluciones viables para proporcionar tasas de datos excediendo Gigabit por segundo por usuario. Las redes híbridas inalámbrico-óptico pueden proporcionar backhaul más simple y se prevé que desempeñen un papel importante en redes de acceso de próxima generación que requerirán despliegue flexible, alta capacidad, habilidad de ampliación, escalable en número de usuarios y demanda, y factible económicamente. Las técnicas radio sobre fibra combinadas con sistemas inalámbricos multigigabit que proporcionen capacidades comparables a sistemas de comunicaciones de fibra óptica se ve como una solución rápidamente desplegable y efectiva en coste para proporcionar acceso transparente cableado/inalámbrico integrado a servicios de banda ancha para el usuario final. Los sistemas inalámbricos UWB y de onda milimétrica son capaces de proporcionar comunicaciones multigigabit. UWB en particular permite un uso eficiente del esprectro 3.1-10.6 GHz debido a sus características únicas de coexistencia y tiene madurez de mercado. Sin embargo, la tecnología UWB está restringida por regulación en todo el mundo. Esta restricción de regulación hace de gran interés a la radio de onda milimétrica en 60 GHz debido al aproximadamente 7 GHz de ancho de banda regulado consistentemente en todo el mundo, sin restricciones de coexistencia.Beltrán Ramírez, M. (2012). Photonic Techniques for Next-Generation Integrated Optical Networks Based on Ultra-Wideband Radio / Técnicas Fotónicas para Redes Ópticas Integradas de Próxima Generación Basadas en Radio de Banda Ultra Ancha [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/15576Palanci

Dual Photonic Generation Ultrawideband Impulse Radio by Frequency Shifting in Remote-Connectivity Fiber

[EN] An impulse-radio ultrawideband (UWB) photonic generation technique based on frequency shifting in the remote connectivity fiber in optical access networks is proposed and analyzed in this paper. This technique is based on optical carrier suppression modulation combined with fiber chromatic dispersion targeting to overcome the bandwidth limitation of optical upconversion, with the advantage of being easily reconfigurable generating simultaneously different RF bands. A comprehensive simulation analysis is performed with special focus on capabilities for dual 24 GHz/60 GHz operation paired with experimental demonstration at 1.24 Gb/s. 60 GHz wireless performance after optical generation and transmission in 12.5 km of standard single-mode fiber is measured demonstrating error-free transmission at 1 m radio distance. The inclusion of remote Gaussian-monocycle pulse shaping is also analyzed in this paper considering dual 24 GHz/60 GHz operation. Pulse-shaped dual 24 GHz/60 GHz generation is experimentally demonstrated at 1.24 Gb/s. Transmission performance is measured at 24 GHz demonstrating error-free transmission. The simulation analysis further indicates that the technique is suitable for UWB generation at higher RF bands such as the $W$-band (75-110 GHz). Practical implementation considerations and trade-offs (e.g., in terms of cost and number of remote antenna units supported) of this system are also analyzed by simulation showing that the technique is cost effective. © 2011 IEEE.This work was supported in part by the European Commission under the FP7-ICT-249142 FIVER and FP7-ICT-224402 EURO-FOS projects and by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under the TEC2009-14250 ULTRADEF project. The work of M. Beltran was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under FPI Grant BES-2006-12066.Beltrán Ramírez, M.; Llorente Sáez, R. (2011). Dual Photonic Generation Ultrawideband Impulse Radio by Frequency Shifting in Remote-Connectivity Fiber. Journal of Lightwave Technology. 29(24):3645-3653. https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2011.2173656S36453653292

Reconfigurable multiwavelength source based on electrooptic phase modulation of a pulsed laser

[EN] A reconfigurable multiwavelength source based on time-domain electrooptic phase modulation of a pulsed laser is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The technique permits great reconfiguration in the spectrum allocation and wavelength separation. A tunable 5-GHz and 2.5-GHz frequency spacing from a 10-GHz mode-locked laser is experimentally demonstrated. A 5-GHz frequency shift is also demonstrated.Manuscript received March 02, 2011; revised April 21, 2011; accepted May 21, 2011. Date of publication May 27, 2011; date of current version July 27, 2011. This work was supported in part by the European Commission under the FP7-ICT-249142 FIVER and FP7-ICT-216863 BONE Projects. The work of M. Beltran was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, Spain, under FPI Grant BES-2006-12066.Beltrán Ramírez, M.; Caraquitena Sales, J.; Llorente Sáez, R.; Martí Sendra, J. (2011). Reconfigurable multiwavelength source based on electrooptic phase modulation of a pulsed laser. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. 23(16):1175-1177. https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2011.2157967S11751177231