Factores de riesgo que influyen en infección de sitio quirúrgico en post cesareadas del servicio de Gineco obstetricia de una clínica privada de Lima, 2021

La infección poscesárea varía de una población a otra e impacta en la condición de vida de la madre y el bebé. El objetivo del estudio es determinar factores de riesgo que influyen en infección de sitio quirúrgico en post cesareadas del servicio de Gineco obstetricia en una clínica privada de Lima, 2021. El estudio es cuantitativo, no experimental, descriptivo correlacional, retrospectivo y transversal; la muestra constituida por historias clínicas (HC) de 30 puérperas post cesareadas que presentaron infección en sitio quirúrgico. La técnica revisión de HC. Se utilizó un instrumento: “ficha de registro de datos sobre factores de riesgo relacionados con la infección en el sitio quirúrgico en pacientes puérperas post cesareadas”; elaborado por las autoras Barboza, Capcha, Puza y Simeón, el cual consta de 16 ítems 3 dimensiones: factores de riesgo pendientes del paciente, del acto quirúrgico, y posquirúrgico; el instrumento para el presente estudio fue sometido a validez V de Aiken = 0.854, y confiabilidad Alfa de Cronbach = 1 indican que puede ser aplicado. Por lo que se refiere a Enfermería, en la práctica, lleva al análisis de factores de riesgo, problemas de salud y déficit de autocuidado. Las mujeres que se someten a una cesárea enfrentan factores de riesgo que ponen en peligro la salud y vida tanto de ellas como del bebé. Por tanto, aprender a cuidarse antes y después de diversos tratamientos, en este caso el quirúrgico, está respaldado por la teoría del autocuidado de la enfermera Dorotea Orem.LIMAEscuela de PosgradoGestión del cuidado enfermero e innovación tecnológica para el cuidad

Trabajo colaborativo, alfabetización digital y escritura académica en estudiantes de una universidad privada, Lima 2022

Se presenta la investigación que tiene como objetivo fundamental, establecer si las variables trabajo colaborativo y la alfabetización digital influyen sobre la escritura académica en estudiantes universitarios del primer ciclo de estudios generales de una universidad privada de Lima, 2023. Es una investigación cuantitativa de diseño no experimental de nivel correlacional causal, se trabajó con una muestra no probabilística que estuvo conformada por un total de 80 estudiantes de pregrado de una universidad privada de Lima. A todos ellos se les aplicó tres cuestionarios debidamente validados y fiables; por un lado, el cuestionario de trabajo colaborativo, del autor Guerra con 30 ítems, por otro lado, el cuestionario de alfabetización digital del autor: Touron et al. y, para la medición de la variable escritura académica, el cuestionario de escritura académica, adaptado de la rúbrica propuesta por Alejandra Andueza. Los datos recopilados fueron procesados con el estadístico SPSS, cuyo análisis determinó que las pruebas son válidas y confiables. Los resultados indican que las variables trabajo colaborativo y alfabetización digital influyen sobre la escritura académica, también, se ha podido probar que estas variables independientes también influyen sobre las dimensiones de la escritura académica, motivo por el cual, todas las hipótesis fueron confirmadas

Avanços no estudo do Amarelamento do Pessegueiro nas diferentes zonas produtoras de Jujuy, Argentina

En Jujuy existen 850 ha de durazneros (Prunus persica L.), alrededor de 800 ha se encuentran en los valles templados, donde hace unos años comenzaron a observarse plantas con síntomas de amarillamiento, enroje-cimiento, enrollamiento y necrosis de hojas, defoliación prematura y acortamiento de entrenudos, incluso muerte de plantas. El agente causal es fitoplasma Argentinean Peach Yellows (ArPY), del subgrupo 16Sr III-B, X-di-sease. La enfermedad se conoce como «amarillamiento del duraznero», una patología en expansión, sin ante-cedentes en el país, de la cual es importante conocer su epidemiología: presencia y dispersión en variedades introducidas y naturalizadas, caracterizar la sintomatología y su variación estacional, lo que es parte de los objetivos de este trabajo. Mediante prospecciones visuales realizadas en la temporada 2018-2019, se estimó la incidencia/prevalencia de esta patología en los valles áridos y templados. En valles áridos y en los valles templados altos no se registraron plantas con síntomas; en los valles templados bajos se visualizaron plantas enfermas de ArPY y su diagnóstico confirmado en el laboratorio. Se observó variación estacional de la sintoma-tología: en primavera las plantas se presentaban parcial o totalmente afectadas, con acortamiento de entrenu-dos, hojas en escoba de bruja, amarillamiento, enrojecimiento y acartuchamiento de hojas basales; en verano el 60 % de ramas sintomáticas de la primavera precedente, muertas o en proceso, sin nuevos síntomas; en otoño muerte de brindillas de ramas sintomáticas y defoliación anticipada. De 25 lotes productivos evaluados en los cultivares Flordaking, Opedepe y Rojo Dos, se determinó una prevalencia del 100 %. Los mayores valo-res de incidencia se registraron en el cultivar Flordaking. En cuanto a la severidad, medida con una escala de 6 grados, del total de plantas prospectadas (8.871), se observaron los mayores grados en plantas de Flordaking, seguidas de Opedepe y Rojo Dos.In Jujuy, there are 850 hectares of peach trees (Prunus persica L.), 800 hectares are found in the temperate valleys, where plants with symptoms of yellowing, redness, leaf curl and necrosis, premature defoliation and shortening of internodes, even plant death, began to be observed a few years ago. The causal agent is Argen-tinean Peach Yellows phytoplasma (ArPY), from the subgroup: 16Sr III-B, X-disease. The disease is called “peach yellows”, and it is an expanding pathology without records in the country. Hence, the objective of this study was to know its epidemiology: presence and dispersion in introduced and naturalized cultivars, character-ization of the symptoms and their seasonal variation. Through visual surveys, the prevalence/incidence of the pathology in arid and temperate valleys was estimated during the past crop cycle. In arid and high temperate valleys, symptomatic plants were no recorded; however, diseased plants were visualized in the low temperate valleys and the diagnosis was confirmed in the laboratory. Seasonal variation of the symptoms was observed, in spring, the plants were partially or totally affected, with shortening of internodes, witches' broom on leaves, yellowing, reddening and stiffening of basal leaves; in summer, symptomatic branches of the previous spring were dead or about to die but without new symptoms; in autumn, there was death of symptomatic twigs and early defoliation. Out of 25 productive lots surveyed, in Flordaking, Opedepe and Rojo Dos cultivars, a preva-lence of 100 % was determined. The incidence in plants was highest in Flordaking. The severity of the disease, using a 6-degree scale, reflected that of a total of 8,871 surveyed plants, the highest degrees of severity were observed in Flordaking plants, followed by Opedepe and, finally, Rojo Dos.Em Jujuy existem 850 ha de pessegueiros (Prunus persica L.), nos vales temperados encontram-se cerca de 800 ha, onde há alguns anos começaram a se observar plantas com sintomas de amarelamento, avermelha-mento, enrolamento e necrose de folhas, desfoliação prematura e encurtamento de entrenós, inclusive morte de plantas. O agente causal é o fitoplasma Argentinean Peach Yellows (ArPY), do subgrupo 16Sr III-B, X-disease. A doença é conhecida como “amarelamento do pessegueiro”, uma patologia em expansão, sem ante-cedentes no país, da qual é importante conhecer sua epidemiologia: presença e dispersão em variedades in-troduzidas e naturalizadas, caracterizar a sintomatologia e sua variação estacional, o que é parte dos objetivos deste trabalho. Mediante avaliações visuais realizadas na temporada 2018-2019, se estimou a incidência/pre-valência desta patologia nos vales áridos e temperados. Em vales áridos e nos vales temperados altos não se registraram plantas com sintomas; nos vales temperados baixos se visualizaram plantas enfermas de ArPY e seu diagnóstico foi confirmado no laboratório. Foi observada variação estacional da sintomatologia: na prima-vera as plantas se apresentavam parcial ou totalmente afetadas, com encurtamento de entrenós, folhas em vassoura de bruxa, amarelamento, avermelhamento e enrolamento de folhas basais; no verão os 60% de ramas sintomáticas da primavera precedente, mortas ou em processo, sem novos sintomas; no outono morte de brin-dilas de ramas sintomáticas e desfoliação antecipada. De 25 lotes produtivos avaliados nas cultivares Florda-king, Opedepe e Rojo Dos, determinou-se uma prevalência de 100%. Os maiores valores de incidência foram registrados na cultivar Flordaking. Em relação à severidade, medida com uma escala de 6 graus, do total de plantas avaliadas (8.871), observaram-se os maiores graus em plantas de 'Flordaking', seguidas de 'Opedepe' e 'Rojo Dos'.Instituto de Patología VegetalFil: Curzel, Viviana Noemi. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta. Agencia De Extensión Rural Perico; ArgentinaFil: Curzel, Viviana Noemi. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Cátedra de Fruticultura; Argentina.Fil: Fernandez, Franco Daniel . Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez, Franco Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFYMA); Argentina.Fil: Conci, Luis Rogelio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Conci, Luis Rogelio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFYMA); Argentina.Fil: Bejarano, Noemí. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Cátedra de Fruticultura; Argentina

Una propuesta para la enseñanza por competencias, de la disciplina Sanidad Vegetal, en Agronomía

Las competencias son procesos complejos que permiten el desempeño profesional con idoneidad en un determinado contexto que hacen que los individuos actúen como sujetos responsables en distintas situaciones y circunstancias de la vida social y personal. Ante la necesidad de cambios pedagógicos para mejorar la formación profesional se realiza la propuesta para la implementación de la enseñanza por competencias, de Sanidad Vegetal, en agronomía. Se plantea intensificar los objetivos dirigidos al reconocimiento de plagas como factor responsable de pérdidas, la resignificación del concepto plaga en el marco de una agricultura sustentable, la movilización de pensamientos creativos para el manejo y análisis de problemas fitosanitarios. En la metodología de la enseñanza se rescata la modalidad de clases teórico prácticas. Se realiza una evaluación continua que considera el desempeño holístico del estudiante, para finalizar con un seminario integrador donde se evalúa la comprensión del funcionamiento cognitivo del alumno frente a distintas situaciones. Con esta propuesta se pretende aportar al perfil profesional conciencia y responsabilidad en manejo de plagas. Esta metodología durante dos años mostró una mejora en el rendimiento académico, evaluado en el número de alumnos que regularizaron las asignaturas, con compromiso y participación en las actividades integradoras.Eje temático 1: Problemáticas y alternativas de mejora de la enseñanza d - La articulación entre enseñanza y práctica profesionalFacultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Subscapular and triceps skinfolds reference values of Hispanic American children and adolescents and their comparison with the reference of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Introduction: the assessment of the skinfold thickness is an objective measure of adiposity. Therefore, it is a useful tool for nutritional diagnosis and prevention of metabolic risk associated with excess fat in chilhood and adolescence. Objective: to provide percentiles of subscapular and triceps skinfolds for Hispanic American schoolchildren and compare them with those published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) from United States, that it have been commonly used as a reference in most of these countries. Methods: subscapular and triceps skinfolds were measured in 9.973 schoolchildren 4-19 aged from Spain, Argentina, Cuba, Venezuela and Mexico with Holtain caliper with 0.2 mm accuracy. Percentiles were obtained with the LMS statistical method and were presented in tables divided in stages of 6 months and in curves graphics. The difference between Hispanic American and CDC mean values were provided for P3, P50 and P97 in mm and also were graphically represented. Results: skinfolds measurements obviously increased with age in both sexes but, in boys, this increase is much more marked in highest percentiles between 8 and 13 years; this maximum is reached earlier than what occurs in CDC reference. In both sexes, all percentiles analized in Hispanic American schoolchildren were higher than the CDC reference except P97 up to 10 or 13 years that was notably smaller. Conclusions: the skinfolds percentiles of Hispanic American children and adolescents differ from CDC that are usually used as reference. The values of subscapular and triceps skinfolds provided in this study, could be applied to populations of a similar ethnic background, especially in comparative studies of body composition

Influence of the Cumulative Incidence of COVID-19 Cases on the Mental Health of the Spanish Out-of-Hospital Professionals

This study aimed to analyze the psychological affectation of health professionals (HPs) of Spanish Emergency Medical Services (EMSs) according to the cumulative incidence (CI) of COVID19 cases in the regions in which they worked. A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed, including all HPs working in any EMS of the Spanish geography between 1 February 2021 and 30 April 2021. Their level of stress, anxiety and depression (DASS-21) and the perception of self-efficacy (GSES) were the study’s main results. A 2-factor analysis of covariance was used to determine if the CI regions of COVID-19 cases determined the psychological impact on each of the studied variables. A total of 1710 HPs were included. A third presented psychological impairment classified as severe. The interaction of CI regions with the studied variables did not influence their levels of stress, anxiety, depression or self-efficacy. Women, younger HPs or those with less EMS work experience, emergency medical technicians (EMT), workers who had to modify their working conditions or those who lived with minors or dependents suffered a greater impact from the COVID-19 pandemic in certain regions. These HPs have shown high levels of stress, anxiety, depression and medium levels of self-efficacy, with similar data in the different geographical areas. Psychological support is essential to mitigate their suffering and teach them to react to adverse events.This research was funded by Fundación ASISA and Sociedad Española de Urgencias y Emergencias (SEMES)

Detection and molecular characterization of a phytoplasma affecting Prunus persica L. in Jujuy, Argentina

Peach (Prunus persica L.) plants with symptoms of yellowing, reddening, curling and leaf necrosis, premature defoliation and internode shortening were observed in production fields in Jujuy province (Argentina). A phytoplasma was detected by PCR using the universal primer pairs P1/P7 and R16F2n/R16R2 in all the symptomatic samples analysed. The RFLP profile of PCR products, amplified with R16F2n/R16R2 primers, shows that this phytoplasma, named Argentinean Peach Yellows (ArPY), belongs to subgroup 16Sr III-B. The phylogenetic analysis of the 1244 bp 16S rDNA cloned sequence, grouped the ArPY phytoplasma into the X-disease group with a closer relationship with CFSD, PssWB and ChTDIII phytoplasmas. This is the first report of a phytoplasma infecting peach trees in Argentina.Instituto de Patología VegetalFil: Fernandez, Franco Daniel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Guzman, Fabiana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Curzel, Viviana. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Laboratorio de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades de las Plantas; ArgentinaFil: Bejarano, Noemí. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Laboratorio de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades de las Plantas; ArgentinaFil: Conci, Luis Rogelio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentina. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria; Argentin

Development of subcutaneous fat in Spanish and Latin American children and adolescents: Reference values for biceps, triceps, subscapular and suprailiac skinfolds

Subcutaneous fat skinfolds represent a reliable assessment instrument of adiposity status. This study provides current percentile references for four subcutaneous skinfolds (biceps, triceps, subscapular, suprailiac) applicable to children and adolescents in Spain and in Latin American countries where data are scarce. The design consisted of a cross-sectional multicenter study performed with identical methods in 5 countries (Argentina, Cuba, Mexico, Spain and Venezuela). Total sample comprised 9163 children and youths (boys 4615 - girls 4548) aged 6–18 years, healthy and without apparent pathologies. Percentiles 3, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 90, 95 and 97 were calculated by the LMS method. Sexual dimorphism was assessed using the t-test and age differences with ANOVA. Normalized growth percentile references were obtained according to sex and age for each skinfold. The mean values of four skinfolds were significantly greater in girls than boys (p < 0.001) and, in both sexes, all skinfolds show statistical differences through age (p < 0.001) with different magnitudes. Except triceps in girls, peaks between 11 and 12 years of age are more noticeable in boys than in girls. Although the general model of growth is known, the skinfold measurements show variability among populations and differences of magnitude are presented according to the analyzed population. Therefore, these age and sex-specific reference percentile values for biceps, triceps, subscapular and suprailiac skinfolds, derived from a large sample of Spanish and Latin American children and adolescents, are a useful tool for adiposity diagnosis in this population for which no reference values were available

Weight and height percentiles calculated by the LMS method in Argentinean schoolchildren. A comparative references study

Background: The Argentinean population is characterized by ethnic, cultural and socio-economic diversity. Aim: To calculate the percentiles of weight-for-age (W/A) and height-for-age (H/A) of schoolchildren from Argentina employing the LMS method; and to compare the obtained percentiles with those of the international and national references. Subjects and methods: Anthropometric data of 18 698 students (8672 girls and 10 026 boys) of 3–13 years old were collected (2003–2008) from Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chubut, Jujuy, La Pampa and Mendoza. Percentiles of W/A and H/A were obtained with the LMS method. Statistical and graphical comparisons were established with the WHO (international reference) and with that published by the Argentinean Paediatric Society (national reference). Results: Differences in W/A and H/A, regarding the references, were negative and greater at the highest percentiles and in most of the age groups. On average, the differences were greater for boys than girls and for national than international references. Conclusion: The distribution of weight and height of schoolchildren, coming from most regions of the country, differs from those of national and international references. It should be advisable to establish a new national reference based on internationally recognized methodological criteria that adequately reflect the biological and cultural diversity of the Argentinean populations