10,344 research outputs found
A Modified Gravity and its Consequences for the Solar System, Astrophysics and Cosmology
A relativistic modified gravity (MOG) theory leads to a self-consistent,
stable gravity theory that can describe the solar system, galaxy and clusters
of galaxies data and cosmology.Comment: 16 pages. Latex file. Talk given at the International Workshop "From
Quantum to Cosmos: Fundamental Physics in Space", 22-24 May, 2006, Warrenton,
Virginia, USA. To be published in Int. J. Mod. Phys D. Equation correcte
Conservation evo-devo: preserving biodiversity by understanding its origins
Unprecedented rates of species extinction increase the urgency for effective conservation biology management practices. Thus, any improvements in practice are vital and we suggest that conservation can be enhanced through recent advances in evolutionary biology, specifically advances put forward by evolutionary developmental biology (i.e., evo-devo). There are strong overlapping conceptual links between conservation and evo-devo whereby both fields focus on evolutionary potential. In particular, benefits to conservation can be derived from some of the main areas of evo-devo research, namely phenotypic plasticity, modularity and integration, and mechanistic investigations of the precise developmental and genetic processes that determine phenotypes. Using examples we outline how evo-devo can expand into conservation biology, an opportunity which holds great promise for advancing both fields
Radiation hardness of CMS pixel barrel modules
Pixel detectors are used in the innermost part of the multi purpose
experiments at LHC and are therefore exposed to the highest fluences of
ionising radiation, which in this part of the detectors consists mainly of
charged pions. The radiation hardness of all detector components has thoroughly
been tested up to the fluences expected at the LHC. In case of an LHC upgrade,
the fluence will be much higher and it is not yet clear how long the present
pixel modules will stay operative in such a harsh environment. The aim of this
study was to establish such a limit as a benchmark for other possible detector
concepts considered for the upgrade.
As the sensors and the readout chip are the parts most sensitive to radiation
damage, samples consisting of a small pixel sensor bump-bonded to a CMS-readout
chip (PSI46V2.1) have been irradiated with positive 200 MeV pions at PSI up to
6E14 Neq and with 21 GeV protons at CERN up to 5E15 Neq.
After irradiation the response of the system to beta particles from a Sr-90
source was measured to characterise the charge collection efficiency of the
sensor. Radiation induced changes in the readout chip were also measured. The
results show that the present pixel modules can be expected to be still
operational after a fluence of 2.8E15 Neq. Samples irradiated up to 5E15 Neq
still see the beta particles. However, further tests are needed to confirm
whether a stable operation with high particle detection efficiency is possible
after such a high fluence.Comment: Contribution to the 11th European Symposium on Semiconductor
Detectors June 7-11, 2009 Wildbad Kreuth, German
Normalization factors for magnetic relaxation of small particle systems in non-zero magnetic field
We critically discuss relaxation experiments in magnetic systems that can be
characterized in terms of an energy barrier distribution, showing that proper
normalization of the relaxation data is needed whenever curves corresponding to
different temperatures are to be compared. We show how these normalization
factors can be obtained from experimental data by using the
scaling method without making any assumptions about the nature of the energy
barrier distribution. The validity of the procedure is tested using a
ferrofluid of Fe_3O_4 particles.Comment: 5 pages, 6 eps figures added in April 22, to be published in Phys.
Rev. B 55 (1 April 1997
Autonomous clustering using rough set theory
This paper proposes a clustering technique that minimises the need for subjective
human intervention and is based on elements of rough set theory. The proposed algorithm is
unified in its approach to clustering and makes use of both local and global data properties to
obtain clustering solutions. It handles single-type and mixed attribute data sets with ease and
results from three data sets of single and mixed attribute types are used to illustrate the
technique and establish its efficiency
The Adiabatic Instability on Cosmology's Dark Side
We consider theories with a nontrivial coupling between the matter and dark
energy sectors. We describe a small scale instability that can occur in such
models when the coupling is strong compared to gravity, generalizing and
correcting earlier treatments. The instability is characterized by a negative
sound speed squared of an effective coupled dark matter/dark energy fluid. Our
results are general, and applicable to a wide class of coupled models and
provide a powerful, redshift-dependent tool, complementary to other
constraints, with which to rule many of them out. A detailed analysis and
applications to a range of models are presented in a longer companion paper.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur
Ferromagnetism in (In,Mn)As Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor Thin Films Grown by Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy
In1-xMnxAs diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) thin films have been grown
using metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE).
Tricarbonyl(methylcyclopentadienyl)manganese was used as the Mn source.
Nominally single-phase, epitaxial films were achieved with Mn content as high
as x=0.14 using growth temperatures Tg>475 C. For lower growth temperatures and
higher Mn concentrations, nanometer scale MnAs precipitates were detected
within the In1-xMnxAs matrix. Magnetic properties of the films were
investigated using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID)
magnetometer. Room-temperature ferromagnetic order was observed in a sample
with x=0.1. Magnetization measurements indicated a Curie temperature of 333 K
and a room-temperature saturation magnetization of 49 emu/cm^3. The remnant
magnetization and the coercive field were small, with values of 10 emu/cm^3 and
400 Oe, respectively. A mechanism for this high-temperature ferromagnetism is
discussed in light of the recent theory based on the formation of small
clusters of a few magnetic atoms.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in JVST
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