O Gerador automático de programas - FAST CASE

This paper presents an automatic code generator for the Delphi Development Environment. This module which is an extension of FAST CASE, obtains the program specifications from the requirements and design models stored in the project database. The structure of the generated code follows a standard architecture and can be compiled to an executable program.Este artigo apresenta um gerador automático de programas para o ambiente Delphi. Este módulo, que é uma extensão do FAST CASE, obtém as especificações do programa a ser gerado a partir dos dados contidos nos modelos de requisitos e de análise e projeto. A estrutura do programa gerado segue a arquitetura padrão da Metodologia Rápida. O código fonte, ao ser compilado no ambiente Delphi gera um programa executável

Desenvolvimento e validação de um método para quantificação de norfloxacino por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência e aplicação a estudo de farmacocinética comparada em voluntários humanos

The development and validation of a simple and accurate method based on HPLC with ultraviolet detection for the quantification of norfloxacin (NFX) in human plasma and its application to a bioequivalence study between two norfloxacin formulations is described. NFX and the internal standard (cyprofloxacin) were extracted from plasma using liquid-liquid extraction. Chromatographic separation of norfloxacin, cyprofloxacin and plasma interferents was achieved with a C-18 column and a mobile phase consisting of 20 mM sodium hydrogen phosphate buffer pH 3.0 and acetonitrile (88:12, v/v) and quantitation was done at 280 nm. The method was linear from 25 to 3000 ng mL-1 (r² >; 0.997578), and norfloxacin and cyprofloxacin had an average recovery from plasma of 93.9% and 91.2% respectively. The RSD of inter-day quality control samples at the lower limit of quantification was less than 15%. After a single oral dose (400 mg) of norfloxacin administered to healthy human volunteers using a randomized 2x2 crossover design, pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC0-t, AUC0-;¥;, Cmax, t1/2) were derived from the plasma concentration curves for both formulations. Pharmacokinetic analysis of the data showed that the two formulations were bioequivalent, while no adverse reactions to the drug were observed.O desenvolvimento e validação de um método simples e preciso por CLAE-UV para quantificação de norfloxacino (NFX) em plasma humano e a sua aplicação a um estudo de bioequivalência entre duas formulações são descritos. NFX e o padrão interno (ciprofloxacino, PI) foram extraídos do plasma através de extração líquido-líquido. A separação cromatográfica do NFX, do PI e dos interferentes do plasma foi realizada com uma coluna C-18 e fase móvel composta de tampão fosfato de sódio 20 mM pH 3,0 e acetonitrila (88/12, v/v) e quantificado em 280 nm. A resposta do detector aos analitos mostrou-se linear entre 25 a 3000 ng mL-1 (r² >; 0,997578) e a recuperação média de NFX e PI foi de 93,9% e 91,2% respectivamente. O desvio padrão relativo de amostras analisadas ao nível do limite inferior de quantificação foi menor que 15%. Foi administrada uma dose de NFX (400 mg) por via oral a voluntários humanos em um estudo aberto, aleatório e cruzado 2x2 entre duas formulações. Os parâmetros farmacocinéticos (AUC0-t, AUC0-;¥;, Cmáx, T1/2) foram observados a partir da curva de concentração versus tempo. A análise farmacocinética mostrou que as duas formulações são bioequivalentes entre si. Nenhum efeito adverso foi observado

Influence of pyroligneous extract on water quality and productive performance of Penaeus vannamei/ Influência do extrato pirolenhoso na qualidade de água e no desempenho produtivo de Penaeus vannamei

Water is the main input used in shrimp farming, and the good quality of this natural resource is not only essential for the farmed animals’ welfare, but also for a good profitability at the end of the farming process inaquaculture species. Pyroligneous extract (PE) is a yellow to reddish-brown liquid obtained from the condensation of gases produced by partial wood combustion. This compound has been used for several purposes in different areas, such as in the fertilization of various vegetable crops and in soil conditioning. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the possible benefits of the application of pyroligneous extract on water quality and its consequences on the production performance of Penaeus vannamei. Six 1.0 ha ponds were used, 3 of which were used for the application of pyroligneous extract (WPE) and the other 3 without the extract (wPE) for comparison purposes. The extract was diluted in water and applied directly to the dry soil and after a few hours of reaction the ponds were filled with water and prepared for cultivation. There was a significant difference (p0.05) between the ponds (WPE) and (wPE) in the following water quality parameters: dissolved oxygen, pH, total alkalinity, total hardness, magnesium and silica. However, the values found were within the recommended range for shrimp farming. No significant differences (p0.05) were found in the parameters analyzed in relation to production performance.Water is the main input used in shrimp farming, and the good quality of this natural resource is not only essential for the farmed animals’ welfare, but also for a good profitability at the end of the farming process inaquaculture species. Pyroligneous extract (PE) is a yellow to reddish-brown liquid obtained from the condensation of gases produced by partial wood combustion. This compound has been used for several purposes in different areas, such as in the fertilization of various vegetable crops and in soil conditioning. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the possible benefits of the application of pyroligneous extract on water quality and its consequences on the production performance of Penaeus vannamei. Six 1.0 ha ponds were used, 3 of which were used for the application of pyroligneous extract (WPE) and the other 3 without the extract (wPE) for comparison purposes. The extract was diluted in water and applied directly to the dry soil and after a few hours of reaction the ponds were filled with water and prepared for cultivation. There was a significant difference (p0.05) between the ponds (WPE) and (wPE) in the following water quality parameters: dissolved oxygen, pH, total alkalinity, total hardness, magnesium and silica. However, the values found were within the recommended range for shrimp farming. No significant differences (p0.05) were found in the parameters analyzed in relation to production performance

PERFIL DOS PECUARISTAS DE TOCANTINS E CRIAÇÃO DE GADO VERDE

The purpose of this article is to study and evaluate the profile of ranchers of beef cattle located in the State of Tocantins. Applied in a first moment a closed questionnaire focused on charting the social profile of the ranchers. Then we applied a questionnaire with open questions in which the ranchers issued their opinion on economic activity, logistics, environmental indicators, animal, pasture and technology. It was adopted the method of saturation to analyze qualitative data, discursive. The study was divided into two steps: data collection, with semistructured interviews with ranchers in the three regions of the State (North, central and South). In another step they have tabbed the data obtained in the collection and analyzed the profiles of ranchers highlighting its specificities. For the analysis, the ranchers were separated into 3 groups: small, medium and large ranchers. All ranchers analyzed are cattle breeders, who sell directly or indirectly to refrigerators. This article identifies the cattleman profile state of Tocantins and the Green supply chain management system and its competitive edge in the creation of cattle.O objetivo deste artigo é estudar e avaliar o perfil dos pecuaristas de corte localizados no estado do Tocantins. Aplicou-se em um primeiro momento um questionário fechado focalizado em traçar o perfil social dos pecuaristas. Em seguida, aplicou-se um questionário com questões abertas em que os pecuaristas emitiram sua opinião sobre atividade econômica, logística, indicadores ambientais, sanidade animal, pastagem e tecnologia. Foi adotado o método de saturação para analise dos dados qualitativo, discursivo. O estudo foi dividido em duas etapas: Coleta de dados, com entrevistas semi estruturadas com pecuaristas das três regiões do estado (norte, central e sul). Na outra etapa tabularam-se os dados obtidos na coleta e analisaram-se os perfis dos pecuaristas destacando as suas especificidades. Para a análise, os pecuaristas foram separados em 3 grupos: pequenos, médios e grandes pecuaristas. Todos os pecuaristas analisados são criadores de gado de corte, que vendem direta ou indiretamente para frigoríficos. Este artigo identifica o perfil do pecuarista do estado do Tocantins e o sistema de gestão verde da cadeia e seus diferenciais competitivos na criação de gado de corte

Family and Community Health Medical Residency Program for Hypertense Care

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the care provided to patients with systemic arterial hypertension by comparing the basic health units (BHU) of the municipality of Gurupi-TO with and without the family and community health residency program. This is a descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective research conducted in twelve BHUs. Project approved by the research ethics committee of the University of Gurupi, in which health servants answered the QualiAB assessment and monitoring instrument and the data were tested by the chi-square test to verify if there is a difference in care considering p≤5%. or 0,05. Of the 21 items analyzed, 14 obtained better levels in UBS with MRPFCH. Therefore, it is concluded that BHU with MRPFCH, as single health system policies, have better quality in the care of hypertension

Precisión diagnóstica del test rápido SARS-CoV-2 y período óptimo para la seropositividad según la aparición de síntomas

Point-of-care serological tests for SARS-CoV-2 have been used for COVID-19 diagnosis. However, their accuracy over time regarding the onset of symptoms is not fully understood. We aimed to assess the accuracy of a point-of-care lateral flow immunoassay (LFI). Subjects, aged over 18 years, presenting clinical symptoms suggestive of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection were tested once by both nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal RT-PCR and LFI. The accuracy of LFI was assessed in periodic intervals of three days in relation to the onset of symptoms. The optimal cut-off point was defined as the number of days required to achieve the best sensitivity and specificity. This cut-off point was also used to compare LFI accuracy according to participants’ status: outpatient or hospitalized. In total, 959 patients were included, 379 (39.52%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 with RT-PCR, and 272 (28.36%) tested positive with LFI. LFI best performance was achieved after 10 days of the onset of symptoms, with sensitivity and specificity of 84.9% (95%CI: 79.8-89.1) and 94.4% (95%CI: 91.0-96.8), respectively. Although the specificity was similar (94.6% vs. 88.9%, p = 0.051), the sensitivity was higher in hospitalized patients than in outpatients (91.7% vs. 82.1%, p = 0.032) after 10 days of the onset of symptoms. Best sensitivity of point-of-care LFI was found 10 days after the onset of symptoms which may limit its use in acute care. Specificity remained high regardless of the number of days since the onset of symptoms.Os testes sorológicos no local de atendimento (point -of-care) para a infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 têm sidos utilizados para o diagnóstico da COVID-19. Entretanto, não está plenamente elucidada a acurácia dos testes ao longo do tempo em relação ao início dos sintomas. Nosso objetivo foi de avaliar a acurácia, no local de atendimento, do imunoensaio de fluxo lateral (LFI). Pacientes com ≥ 18 anos de idade que apresentavam sintomas clínicos sugestivos de infecção aguda pelo SARS-CoV-2 foram testados uma vez com RT-PCR da nasofaringe e orofaringe, além do LFI. A acurácia do LFI foi avaliada com intervalos periódicos de 3 dias a partir do início dos sintomas. O ponto de corte ótimo foi definido como o número necessário de dias para atingir a melhor sensibilidade e especificidade. Esse ponto foi utilizado também para comparar a acurácia do LFI de acordo com a situação do paciente (ambulatorial ou hospitalizado). Foram incluídos 959 pacientes, dos quais 379 (39,52%) testaram positivos para SARS-CoV-2 pelo RT-PCR e 272 (28,36%) pelo LFI. Foi atingido o melhor desempenho para o LFI com 10 dias a partir do início dos sintomas, com sensibilidade e especificidade de 84,9% (IC95%: 79,8-89,1) e 94,4% (IC95%: 91,0-96,8), respectivamente. Embora a especificidade não tenha sido diferente entre os grupos de pacientes (94,6% vs. 88,9%, p = 0,051), a sensibilidade foi mais alta nos pacientes hospitalizados que nos ambulatoriais (91,7% vs. 82,1%, p = 0,032) no dia 10 depois do início dos sintomas. A melhor sensibilidade do LFI no local de atendimento ocorre 10 dias depois do início dos sintomas, o que pode limitar seu uso no atendimento agudo. A especificidade permanece alta, independentemente do número de dias desde o início dos sintomas.Los puestos de atención para pruebas serológicas del SARS-CoV-2 han sido usado para la diagnosis de la COVID-19. No obstante, su precisión a lo largo del tiempo, en lo que respecta a la aparición de los síntomas, no se ha comprendido completamente. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la precisión de un puesto de atención de inmunoanálisis de flujo lateral (LFI). Se hizo pruebas a individuos ≥ 18 años, presentando síntomas clínicos compatibles con una infección aguda de SARS-CoV-2, tanto vía nasofaríngea y orofaríngea RT-PCR, como LFI. La precisión de LFI fue evaluada en intervalos periódicos de 3 días con respecto a la aparición de los síntomas. El punto óptimo de corte se definió como el número de días requerido para alcanzar la mejor sensibilidad y especificidad. Este punto también se usó para comparar la precisión del LFI, según el estatus de los participantes: ambulatorios u hospitalizados. Se incluyeron a 959 pacientes, 379 (39,52%) dieron positivo en las pruebas de SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR, y 272 (28,36%) fueron positivos en los LFI. Se alcanzó el mejor rendimiento de los LFI tras 10 días de la aparición de los síntomas, con una sensibilidad y especificidad de un 84,9% (IC95%: 79,8-89,1) y 94,4% (IC95%: 91,0- 96,8), respectivamente. A pesar de que la especificidad no fue diferente (94,6% vs. 88,9%, p = 0,051), la sensibilidad fue mayor en pacientes hospitalizados que en los ambulatorios (91,7% vs. 82,1%, p = 0,032) tras 10 días desde la aparición de los síntomas. La mejor sensibilidad LFI del puesto de cuidado se produce tras 10 días de la aparición de los síntomas, lo que quizás limite su uso en el cuidado de urgencias. La especificidad permanece alta independientemente del número de días desde la aparición de los síntomas

Stanniocalcin 2 contributes to aggressiveness and is a prognostic marker for oral squamous cell carcinoma

Stanniocalcin 2 (STC2), a glycoprotein that regulates calcium and phosphate homeostasis during mineral metabolism, appears to display multiple roles in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. This study aimed to access the prognostic value of STC2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its implications in oral tumorigenesis. STC2 expression was examined in 2 independent cohorts of OSCC tissues by immunohistochemistry. A loss-of-function strategy using shRNA targeting STC2 was employed to investigate STC2 in vitro effects on proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and possible activation of signaling pathways. Moreover, STC2 effects were assessed in vivo in a xenograft mouse cancer model. High expression of STC2 was significantly associated with poor disease-specific survival (HR: 2.67, 95% CI: 1.37-5.21, p = 0.001) and high rate of recurrence with a hazard ratio of 2.80 (95% CI: 1.07-5.71, p = 0.03). In vitro downregulation of STC2 expression in OSCC cells attenuated proliferation, migration and invasiveness while increased apoptotic rates. In addition, the STC2 downregulation controlled EMT phenotype of OSCC cells, with regulation on E-cadherin, vimentin, Snaill, Twist and Zeb2. The reactivation of STC2 was observed in the STC2 knockdown cells in the in vivo xenograft model, and no influence on tumor growth was observed. Modulation of STC2 expression levels did not alter consistently the phosphorylation status of CREB, ERK, JNK, p38, p70 S6K, STAT3, STAT5A/B and AKT. Our findings suggest that STC2 overexpression is an independent marker of OSCC outcome and may contribute to tumor progression via regulation of proliferation, survival and invasiveness of OSCC cells.Peer reviewe

PRINCÍPIOS DOS EFEITOS ANESTÉSICOS NA RAQUIMEDULAR: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

The aim of this study was to analyze the link between spinal anesthesia and postoperative headaches. A thorough bibliographical research was conducted, which included studies that investigated this connection, the pathophysiological mechanisms involved, as well as preventive and therapeutic measures for these headaches. As a result, postoperative headaches related to spinal anesthesia are a potentially uncomfortable complication for patients. The connection between spinal anesthesia and the onset of these headaches is still a subject of debate in the medical field, and more research is needed to further understand this relationship. Appropriate preventive and therapeutic measures are essential to alleviate symptoms and improve the quality of life of affected patients. Collaboration between healthcare professionals and researchers is crucial to advancing knowledge in this field and providing more effective care for patients undergoing surgery.O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a ligação entre a anestesia raquidiana e as cefaleias pós-operatórias. Foi conduzida uma pesquisa bibliográfica minuciosa, que englobou estudos que investigaram essa ligação, os mecanismos fisiopatológicos envolvidos, assim como as medidas preventivas e terapêuticas para essas dores de cabeça. Como resultado, as dores de cabeça pós-operatórias relacionadas à anestesia raquidiana são uma complicação potencialmente desconfortável para os pacientes. A conexão entre a anestesia raquidiana e o surgimento dessas dores de cabeça ainda é tema de debate na área médica, e mais pesquisas são necessárias para aprofundar o entendimento dessa relação. Medidas preventivas e terapêuticas adequadas são essenciais para aliviar os sintomas e melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes afetados. A colaboração entre profissionais da saúde e pesquisadores é crucial para progredir no conhecimento nesse campo e proporcionar um cuidado mais eficaz aos pacientes submetidos a cirurgias