Structure determination of PF3 adsorption on Cu(100) using X-ray standing waves

The local structure of the Cu(100)c(4x2)-PF3 adsorption phase has been investigated through the use of normal-incidence X-ray standing waves (NIXSW), monitored by P 1s and F 1s photoemission, together with P K-edge near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS). NEXAFS shows the molecule to be oriented with its C3v symmetry axis essentially perpendicular to the surface, while the P NIXSW data show the molecule to be adsorbed in atop sites 2.37±0.04 Å above the surface, this distance corresponding to the Cu-P nearest-neighbour distance in the absence of any surface relaxation. F NIXSW indicates a surprisingly small height difference of the P and F atoms above the surface 0.44±0.06 Å, compared with the value expected for an undistorted gas-phase geometry of 0.77 Å, implying significant increases in the F-P-F bond angles. In addition, however, the F NIXSW data indicate that the molecules have a well-defined azimuthal orientation with a molecular mirror plane aligned in a substrate mirror plane, and with a small (5-10°) tilt of the molecule in this plane such that the two symmetrically-equivalent F atoms in each molecule are tilted down towards the surface

Hadron production in non linear relativistic mean field models

By using a parametrization of the non-linear Walecka model which takes into account the binding energy of different hyperons, we present a study of particle production yields measured in central Au-Au collision at RHIC. Two sets of different hyperon-meson coupling constants are employed in obtaining the hadron production and chemical freeze-out parameters. These quantities show a weak dependence on the used hyperon-meson couplings. Results are in good overall accordance with experimental data. We have found that the repulsion among the baryons is quite small and, through a preliminary analysis of the effective mesonic masses, we suggest a way to improve the fittings.Comment: 18 pages, 2 figure

Establishment of proteome reference maps for somatic and zygotic embryos of Cyclamen persicum mill.

Comprehensive proteomic characterizations were performed aiming to create proteome reference maps for somatic and zygotic embryos of Cyclamen persicum. Separation by two dimensional isoelectric focusing - sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis led to a resolution of more than 800 protein spots for each tissue. Approximately 70% of the spots likewise appeared in both zygotic and in somatic embryo's protein fractions. However, differential gel electrophoresis analyses revealed pronounced differences in abundances for the majority of proteins present in both tissues. MS analyses for 300 reproducible spots in total (263 of the zygotic embryos' protein fraction and 37 spots appearing specifically in the somatic embryos' proteome) led to identification of 261 proteins, 35 of which were specific or highly abundant in gels of the somatic embryo's tissue. Most identified proteins were found to be involved in glycolysis or gluconeogenesis and stress response pathways

Transverse Energy per Charged Particle and Freeze-Out Criteria in Heavy-Ion Collisions

In relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions the transverse energy per charged particle, E_T/N_ch, increases rapidly with beam energy and remains approximately constant at about 800 MeV for beam energies from SPS to RHIC. It is shown that the hadron resonance gas model describes the energy dependence, as well as the lack of centrality dependence, qualitatively. The values of E_T/N_ch are related to the chemical freeze-out criterium E/N about 1 GeV valid for primordial hadrons.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure

Evolution of Fluctuation in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

We have studied the time evolution of the fluctuations in the net baryon number for different initial conditions and space time evolution scenarios. We observe that the fluctuations at the freeze-out depend crucially on the equation of state (EOS) of the system and for realistic EOS the initial fluctuation is substantially dissipated at the freeze-out stage. At SPS energies the fluctuations in net baryon number at the freeze-out stage for quark gluon plasma and hadronic initial state is close to the Poissonian noise for ideal as well as for EOS obtained by including heavier hadronic degrees of freedom. For EOS obtained from the parametrization of lattice QCD results the fluctuation is larger than Poissonian noise. It is also observed that at RHIC energies the fluctuations at the freeze-out point deviates from the Poissonian noise for ideal as well as realistic equation of state, indicating presence of dynamical fluctuations.Comment: 9 pages and 6 figures (Major modifications done

Covariance of Antiproton Yield and Source Size in Nuclear Collisions

We confront for the first time the widely-held belief that combined event-by-event information from quark gluon plasma signals can reduce the ambiguity of the individual signals. We illustrate specifically how the measured antiproton yield combined with the information from pion-pion HBT correlations can be used to identify novel event classes.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, improved title, references and readability; results unchange

Inhibiting decoherence via ancilla processes

General conditions are derived for preventing the decoherence of a single two-state quantum system (qubit) in a thermal bath. The employed auxiliary systems required for this purpose are merely assumed to be weak for the general condition while various examples such as extra qubits and extra classical fields are studied for applications in quantum information processing. The general condition is confirmed with well known approaches towards inhibiting decoherence. A novel approach for decoherence-free quantum memories and quantum operations is presented by placing the qubit into the center of a sphere with extra qubits on its surface.Comment: pages 8, Revtex

Superconducting properties of RuSr2GdCu2O8 studied by SQUID magnetometry

For polycrystalline RuSr2GdCu2O8 (Ru-1212), distinct peaks have been reported in d.c. magnetization in the superconducting state of the sample. Sr2GdRuO6 (Sr-2116), the precursor for the preparation of Ru-1212, shows similar peaks in the same temperature regime. Based on measurements performed on both bulk and powdered samples of Ru-1212 and Sr-2116, we exclude the possibility, that the observed behavior of the magnetization of Ru-1212 is due to Sr-2116 impurities. The effect is related to the superconductivity of Ru-1212, but it is not an intrinsic property of this compound. We provide evidence that the observation of magnetization peaks in the superconducting state of Ru-1212 is due to flux motion generated by the movement of the sample in an inhomogeneous field, during the measurement in the SQUID magnetometer. We propose several tests, that help to decide, whether the features observed in a SQUID magnetization measurement of Ru-1212 represent a property of the compound or not.Comment: 22 pages, 9 figure

Thoracic Electrical Impedance Tomography—The 2022 Veterinary Consensus Statement

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive real-time non-ionising imaging modality that has many applications. Since the first recorded use in 1978, the technology has become more widely used especially in human adult and neonatal critical care monitoring. Recently, there has been an increase in research on thoracic EIT in veterinary medicine. Real-time imaging of the thorax allows evaluation of ventilation distribution in anesthetised and conscious animals. As the technology becomes recognised in the veterinary community there is a need to standardize approaches to data collection, analysis, interpretation and nomenclature, ensuring comparison and repeatability between researchers and studies. A group of nineteen veterinarians and two biomedical engineers experienced in veterinary EIT were consulted and contributed to the preparation of this statement. The aim of this consensus is to provide an introduction to this imaging modality, to highlight clinical relevance and to include recommendations on how to effectively use thoracic EIT in veterinary species. Based on this, the consensus statement aims to address the need for a streamlined approach to veterinary thoracic EIT and includes: an introduction to the use of EIT in veterinary species, the technical background to creation of the functional images, a consensus from all contributing authors on the practical application and use of the technology, descriptions and interpretation of current available variables including appropriate statistical analysis, nomenclature recommended for consistency and future developments in thoracic EIT. The information provided in this consensus statement may benefit researchers and clinicians working within the field of veterinary thoracic EIT. We endeavor to inform future users of the benefits of this imaging modality and provide opportunities to further explore applications of this technology with regards to perfusion imaging and pathology diagnosis

Quantitative Treatment of Decoherence

We outline different approaches to define and quantify decoherence. We argue that a measure based on a properly defined norm of deviation of the density matrix is appropriate for quantifying decoherence in quantum registers. For a semiconductor double quantum dot qubit, evaluation of this measure is reviewed. For a general class of decoherence processes, including those occurring in semiconductor qubits, we argue that this measure is additive: It scales linearly with the number of qubits.Comment: Revised version, 26 pages, in LaTeX, 3 EPS figure