12,291 research outputs found
Rubber friction on (apparently) smooth lubricated surfaces
We study rubber sliding friction on hard lubricated surfaces. We show that
even if the hard surface appears smooth to the naked eye, it may exhibit short
wavelength roughness, which may give the dominant contribution to rubber
friction. That is, the observed sliding friction is mainly due to the
viscoelastic deformations of the rubber by the substrate surface asperities.
The presented results are of great importance for rubber sealing and other
rubber applications involving (apparently) smooth surfaces.Comment: 7 pages, 15 figure
On the dependence of the leak-rate of seals on the skewness of the surface height probability distribution
Seals are extremely useful devices to prevent fluid leakage. We present
experimental result which show that the leak-rate of seals depend sensitively
on the skewness in the height probability distribution. The experimental data
are analyzed using the critical-junction theory. We show that using the
top-power spectrum result in good agreement between theory and experiment.Comment: 5 pages, 9 figure
Leak-rate of seals: comparison of theory with experiment
Seals are extremely useful devices to prevent fluid leakage. We present
experimental results for the leak-rate of rubber seals, and compare the results
to a novel theory, which is based on percolation theory and a recently
developed contact mechanics theory. We find good agreement between theory and
experiment.Comment: 6 pages, 10 figure
Rubber friction on smooth surfaces
We study the sliding friction for viscoelastic solids, e.g., rubber, on hard
flat substrate surfaces. We consider first the fluctuating shear stress inside
a viscoelastic solid which results from the thermal motion of the atoms or
molecules in the solid. At the nanoscale the thermal fluctuations are very
strong and give rise to stress fluctuations in the MPa-range, which is similar
to the depinning stresses which typically occur at solid-rubber interfaces,
indicating the crucial importance of thermal fluctuations for rubber friction
on smooth surfaces. We develop a detailed model which takes into account the
influence of thermal fluctuations on the depinning of small contact patches
(stress domains) at the rubber-substrate interface. The theory predicts that
the velocity dependence of the macroscopic shear stress has a bell-shaped f
orm, and that the low-velocity side exhibits the same temperature dependence as
the bulk viscoelastic modulus, in qualitative agreement with experimental data.
Finally, we discuss the influence of small-amplitude substrate roughness on
rubber sliding friction.Comment: 14 pages, 16 figure
Contact mechanics: relation between interfacial separation and load
I study the contact between a rigid solid with a randomly rough surface and
an elastic block with a flat surface. I derive a relation between the (average)
interfacial separation and the applied normal squeezing pressure . I
show that for non-adhesive inte raction and small applied pressure, p is
proportional to exp (-u/u_0), in good agreement with recent experimental
observation.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Influence of frozen capillary waves on contact mechanics
Free surfaces of liquids exhibit thermally excited (capillary) surface waves.
We show that the surface roughness which results from capillary waves when a
glassy material is cooled below the glass transition temperature can have a
large influence on the contact mechanics between the solids. The theory suggest
a new explanation for puzzling experimental results [L. Bureau, T. Baumberger
and C. Caroli, arXiv:cond-mat/0510232] about the dependence of the frictional
shear stress on the load for contact between a glassy polymer lens and flat
substrates. It also lend support for a recently developed contact mechanics
theory.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
Rolling friction for hard cylinder and sphere on viscoelastic solid
We calculate the friction force acting on a hard cylinder or spherical ball
rolling on a flat surface of a viscoelastic solid. The rolling friction
coefficient depends non-linearly on the normal load and the rolling velocity.
For a cylinder rolling on a viscoelastic solid characterized by a single
relaxation time Hunter has obtained an exact result for the rolling friction,
and our result is in very good agreement with his result for this limiting
case. The theoretical results are also in good agreement with experiments of
Greenwood and Tabor. We suggest that measurements of rolling friction over a
wide range of rolling velocities and temperatures may constitute an useful way
to determine the viscoelastic modulus of rubber-like materials.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure
Contact mechanics with adhesion: Interfacial separation and contact area
We study the adhesive contact between elastic solids with randomly rough,
self affine fractal surfaces. We present molecular dynamics (MD) simulation
results for the interfacial stress distribution and the wall-wall separation.
We compare the MD results for the relative contact area and the average
interfacial separation, with the prediction of the contact mechanics theory of
Persson. We find good agreement between theory and the simulation results. We
apply the theory to the system studied by Benz et al. involving polymer in
contact with polymer, but in this case the adhesion gives only a small
modification of the interfacial separation as a function of the squeezing
pressure.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Leak-rate of seals: effective medium theory and comparison with experiment
Seals are extremely useful devices to prevent fluid leakage. We present an
effective medium theory of the leak-rate of rubber seals, which is based on a
recently developed contact mechanics theory. We compare the theory with
experimental results for seals consisting of silicon rubber in contact with
sandpaper and sand-blasted PMMA surfaces.Comment: 8 pages, 11 figure
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