Clinical Course of Hyperprolactinemia in Children and Adolescents: A Review of 21 Cases

Objective: Hyperprolactinemia may be due to various etiological factors and may present with different signs and symptoms. It is relatively less frequent in childhood than in adulthood. The aim of this study was to evaluate retrospectively the clinical course and outcome of hyperprolactinemia in pediatric patients

Retrospective analysis of thoracic trauma and evaluation of the factors affecting the duration of stay in the hospital

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the epidemiological and demographic features, treatment types of patients with thoracic trauma, as well as the duration of hospital stay and the factors affecting mortality.   Material and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included patients who applied to the emergency room in a tertiary care hospital, between 2017–2019 and having thoracic trauma. Patients; age, gender, date of application, type of injury (blunt or penetran), arrival saturation, use of anticoagulants, type of injury, side of injury (right, left, bilateral) additional injury, hospitalization and mortality status were recorded. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.   Results: Total of 113 people were included in the study. The average age was 52.15 ± 20.3. The most common reason of applying to the hospital was falling with 50 patients. A negative weak correlation was found between saturation and age and hospital stay. In terms of pathology and gender, there was no statistically significant difference in mortality.   Conclusion: As a result, in this study, thoracic trauma occurs mostly in men and due to falls and motor vehicle accidents, and the majority of injuries due to thoracic trauma can heal without follow- up or tube thoracostomy

Reproducibility of endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia diagnosis is good, but influenced by the diagnostic style of pathologists

Endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN) applies specific diagnostic criteria to designate a monoclonal endometrial preinvasive glandular proliferation known from previous studies to confer a 45-fold increased risk for endometrial cancer. In this international study we estimate accuracy and precision of EIN diagnosis among 20 reviewing pathologists in different practice environments, and with differing levels of experience and training. Sixty-two endometrial biopsies diagnosed as benign, EIN, or adenocarcinoma by consensus of two expert subspecialty pathologists were used as a reference comparison to assess diagnostic accuracy of 20 reviewing pathologists. Interobserver reproducibility among the 20 reviewers provided a measure of diagnostic precision. Before evaluating cases, observers were self-trained by reviewing published textbook and/or online EIN diagnostic guidelines. Demographics of the reviewing pathologists, and their impressions regarding implementation of EIN terminology were recorded. Seventy-nine percent of the 20 reviewing pathologists' diagnoses were exactly concordant with the expert consensus (accuracy). The interobserver weighted kappa values of 3-class EIN scheme (benign, EIN, carcinoma) diagnoses between expert consensus and each of reviewing pathologists averaged 0.72 (reproducibility, or precision). Reviewing pathologists demonstrated one of three diagnostic styles, which varied in the repertoire of diagnoses commonly used, and their nonrandom response to potentially confounding diagnostic features such as endometrial polyp, altered differentiation, background hormonal effects, and technically poor preparations. EIN diagnostic strategies can be learned and implemented from standard teaching materials with a high degree of reproducibility, but is impacted by the personal diagnostic style of each pathologist in responding to potential diagnostic confounders

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049

Slow Journalism - A comparative media content analysis

Digitalization crumbled the infrastructure of organizational journalism. Old-line institutions took radical measures to survive. A new age began... For some; this was a disaster for journalism; for others, it was the commencement of a golden age. It was always up to public. Public is the determinantfactor for quality journalism. Being more conscious with technological means; participation in journalistic activities and demand on quality might lead to a ‘’better journalism’’. Some emergant business models support this approach; one of them being slow journalism. Journalism; slowly and consciously, but how does it work?Can slow journalism help people navigate in the post-truth era or is it just a product of a life style politics? In order to find that; a qualitative media content analysis is performed between two journalistic products. The results show that; the selected slow journalism product offer not a ‘’richer’’ content. But slow journalism has many forrms and it is not yet clearly defined.Journalism is ideally a noble proffesion. The noble ideas and purposes of journalism are used very often for marketing purposes. With qualitative media content analysis, these noble purposes can be observed, evaluated and new strategies can be developped to improve them

Keratokonus Tedavisinde Riboflavin’in Girişimsel Olmayan (“Epi-On”) Teknik ile Korneaya Taşınması İçin Oküler İlaç Taşıyıcı Platformların Tasarlanması ve İn Vitro-İn Vivo Değerlendirilmesi

Aytekin E. Design and In vitro - In vivo Evaluation of Ocular Drug Delivery Platforms for the Delivery of Riboflavin by Noninvasive (“Epi-On”) Technique in the Treatment of Keratoconus, Hacettepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Pharmaceutical Technology Programme, Ph.D Thesis, Ankara, 2020. Keratoconus is an eye disease that is progressive and can result in corneal transplantation if effective treatment is not provided. The most commonly used method in the clinic for the treatment of the disease is the corneal cross-linking procedure. However, since riboflavin cannot pass through the corneal epithelium, in this procedure, the epithelial layer on the eye is first removed by surgical operation. This causes many complications in the patient. To overcome this problem, hydrogel, nanostructured lipid carrier (NLT) and co-crystal formulations containing riboflavin (RB) or riboflavin-5-phosphate sodium (RT) which do not need the removal of the epithelial layer, were developed and evaluated in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo. In ex vivo drug permeation studies, it was determined that co-crystal formulations containing mannitol and NLT formulations containing positively charged RT provide higher drug transition. In ex vivo corneal drug acumulation studies, NLT formulations containing RB were found to be superior to other groups. In vivo studies, it has been found that formulations containing RB provide higher corneal drug concentrations than formulations containing RT. It was found that the most promising formulation developed in in vivo biomechanical studies was the thermosensitive gel formulation containing RT and Transcutol P (THJ-TP). Although this formulation is applied every 15 minutes, it has been found that it is statistically significantly more effective than MedioCROSS TE, which is applied every two minutes and developed in accordance with the “epi-on” method (without epithelium scraping).Aytekin E. Keratokonus Tedavisinde Riboflavin’in Girişimsel Olmayan (“Epi-On”) Teknik ile Korneaya Taşınması için Oküler İlaç Taşıyıcı Platformların Tasarlanması ve In vitro – In vivo Değerlendirilmesi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Farmasötik Teknoloji Programı Doktora Tezi, Ankara, 2020. Keratokonus, ilerleyici özellikte ve etkin tedavinin sağlanamaması durumunda kornea nakli ile sonuçlanabilen bir göz hastalığıdır. Hastalığın tedavisi için klinikte en yaygın kullanılan yöntem korneal çapraz bağlama işlemidir. Ancak, riboflavinin kornea epitelinden geçememesi nedeniyle, bu işlemde ilk olarak göz üzerindeki epitel tabakası cerrahi işlem ile kazınarak uzaklaştırılmaktadır. Bu durum hastada birçok komplikasyonlara neden olmaktadır. Bu sorunun üstesinden gelmek için bu tez kapsamında epitel tabakasının kaldırılmasına ihtiyaç duymayan riboflavin (RB) ve riboflavin-5-fosfat sodyum (RT) içeren hidrofilik jel, nanoyapılı lipit taşıyıcı (NLT) ve RB ko-kristal formülasyonları geliştirilmiş ve in vitro, ex vivo ve in vivo olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Ex vivo ilaç geçiş çalışmalarında mannitol içeren ko-kristal formülasyonlarının ve pozitif yüklü RT içeren NLT formülasyonlarının daha yüksek ilaç geçişi sağladığı belirlenmiştir. Ex vivo kornea ilaç tutulumu çalışmalarında RB içeren NLT formülasyonlarının diğer gruplara üstünlük gösterdiği bulunmuştur. İn vivo çalışmalarda RB içeren formülasyonların RT içeren formülasyonlara oranla daha yüksek kornea ilaç konsantrasyonu sağladığı tespit edilmiştir. İn vivo biyomekanik çalışmalarda geliştirilen formülasyonlardan en ümit verici olanın RT ve Transcutol P içeren (THJ-TP) termosensitif jel formülasyonu olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu formülasyonun 15 dakikada bir uygulanmasına rağmen, her iki dakikada bir uygulanan ve “epi-on” (epitel kazınmadan) yönteme uygun olarak geliştirilmiş ticari preparat olan MedioCROSS TE’den istatistiksel olarak anlamlı şekilde daha etkin olduğu tespit edilmiştir

İngilizce Derslerine İlişkin Algılanan Araçsallığı Artırmanın Ders Başarısı, Tutum ve Can Sıkıntısına Etkileri

Bu çalışmanın amacı, dokuzuncu sınıf öğrencilerinin İngilizce derslerinde öğretilen konulara ilişkin algıladıkları araçsallığı artırmanın, ders başarısı, tutum ve can sıkıntısına etkilerinin incelenmesidir. Çalışmada ön-test, son-test kontrol gruplu yarı deneysel desen kullanılmıştır. Batı Karadeniz Bölgesinde yer alan küçük bir ildeki Anadolu Lisesinden, toplam 93 dokuzuncu sınıf öğrencisi kolayda örnekleme yoluyla seçilmiştir. Öğrenciler ya deney gruplarına (kapsamlı bilgilendirilen grup, n = 30; yüzeysel bilgilendirilen grup, n = 30) ya da kontrol grubuna (n = 33) rastgele biçimde atanmışlardır. Veriler, Algılan Araçsallık Ölçeği, Can Sıkıntısı Ölçeği ve İngilizceye Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği aracılığıyla elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca, öğrencilerin İngilizce ders başarılarının değerlendirilmesi için bir başarı testi de geliştirilmiştir. Verilerin kapsamlı biçimde analiz edilmesi amacıyla, bir dizi kovaryans analizi ve tekrarlı ölçümler için kovaryans analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuçlar, kapsamlı bilgilendirilen gruptaki öğrencilerin, yüzeysel bilgilendirilen grup ve kontrol grubundaki akranlarına göre, İngilizce derslerinde öğretilen konuları gelecek amaçlarına ulaşmada daha önemli olarak algıladıklarını göstermiştir. Sonuçlar, kapsamlı bilgilendirilen gruptaki öğrencilerin diğer çalışma gruplarındaki akranlarına göre, İngilizce derslerine yönelik olarak daha olumlu tutuma sahip olduklarını, daha az düzeyde can sıkıntısı hissettiklerini ve daha başarılı olduklarını da göstermiştir.This study aims to examine the effects of increasing ninth-grade students’ perceived instrumentality of the topics taught in English classes on their course achievement, attitude, and boredom. A pre-test, post-test quasi-experimental design with control group was used in the study. A total of 93 ninth-grade students conveniently sampled from the Anatolian High School of a small city located in the Western Black Sea Region. Students were randomly assigned to either experimental groups (i.e., comprehensively informed group, n = 30; superficially informed group, n = 30) or control group (n = 33). The data were obtained through the Perceived Instrumentality Scale, Boredom Scale, and Attitude towards English Scale. Additionally, an achievement test was developed to assess students’ graded performance regarding English classes. A series of univariate analyses of covariance and repeated measures analyses of covariance were conducted to analyze the data comprehensively. The results showed that students in the comprehensively informed group perceived the topics taught in English classes more important to attain their future goals than their counterparts in the superficially informed group and control group. The results also demonstrated that students in the comprehensively informed group held more positive attitudes, felt lower levels of boredom, and had higher achievement scores regarding English classes than their counterparts in other study groups

The Effect of Trust in Managers on the Organizational Identification and Intention to Quit: A Research on Hospitality Business Employees

The aim of this study is to explore the effect of trust perceptions of hotel employees in their managers on their organizational identification behavior and intention to quit. Initially, a literature review was performed and then a questionnaire was used to gather data. To analyze the data, T-test and variance analysis were carried out and Tukey and Tamhane tests were used as well. Lastly, structural equation modeling (SEM) was done to identify the degree and direction of the relationships. As a result of the T-test analyses, significant differences were found in 95% confidence level between the age groups and organizational identification (p=0,001) and intention to quit (p=0,000). Besides, it was identified that organizational identification behavior has an adverse effect on intention to quit (?= -0,008). It was concluded that the higher the perception of trust in the manager, the higher the organizational identification behavior and the lower the intention to quit