Online Scratch Activities during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Computational and Creative Thinking

This paper investigated the effect of online Scratch activities on college students’ computational and creative thinking. The study adopted a mixed research design including one group pretest-posttest. The sample consisted of 24 child development undergraduates (23 female and 1 male) in the 2019-2020 academic year. The research was carried out in "Teaching Science and Mathematics in Preschool Education” course and lasted 12 weeks. The participants developed Scratch projects based on eight learning outcomes (four math and four science). Data were collected using the Computational Thinking Scale, the Marmara Creative Thinking Dispositions Scale, and reflective journals. The quantitative data were analyzed using a paired sample t-test. The qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. The results showed that Scratch activities helped students develop computational and creative thinking

Analysis of pre-service science teachers’ level of associating their chemistry knowledge with daily life and the relationship between these levels and their attitudes towards teaching science

The aim of this study is to determine science teacher candidates’ (PSTs) levels of associating their chemistry knowledge with daily life and to examine the relationship between these levels and their attitudes towards teaching science. The study is a descriptive study conducted through the survey method. This study was carried out with 30 PSTs in the part of science teacher education at the College of Education in their final semester. As the data collection tools, an open-ended questionnaire, which was developed by Kıyıcı and Aydoğdu (2011), was applied to determine the PSTs’ levels of associating their chemical knowledge with daily life. Also, the “Science Teaching Attitude Scale” developed by Thompson and Shringley (1986) and adapted into Turkish by Özkan, Tekkaya and Çakıroğlu (2002) was used to determine PSTs’ attitudes towards teaching science. The data obtained from the open-ended questionnaire analyzed based on the three categories that were used by Vazquez-Alanso and Manassero-Mas (1999). Findings obtained from the data showed that PSTs’ level of associating their chemistry knowledge with daily life was low. Results of the statistical analyses showed that there was a significant relations between level of associating their chemistry knowledge with daily and their attitudes towards teaching science

A strong user authentication protocol for GSM

Traditionally, the authentication protocols for cellular phone networks have been designed for device authentication rather than user authentication, which brings certain limitations and restrictions on the functionality of the system. In this paper we propose a user authentication protocol for the Global Standards for Mobile (GSM) which permits the use of weak secrets (e.g. passwords or PINs) for authentication, providing new flexibilities for the GSM users. © 2005 IEEE

Teknolojik Pedagojik Alan Bilgisi (TPAB) Temelli Harmanlanmış Öğrenme Ortamının Fen Bilimleri Öğretmen Adaylarının TPAB ve Sınıf İçi Uygulama Becerilerine Etkisi

Bu araştırmanın amacı, TPAB temelli harmanlanmış öğrenme ortamının fen bilimleri öğretmen adaylarının gece-gündüz ve mevsimlerin oluşumu konularına ilişkin TPAB ve sınıf içi uygulamaları üzerine etkisini araştırmaktır. Araştırmaya Fen Bilgisi Öğretmenliği programı son sınıfta öğrenim gören 37 öğretmen adayı katılmıştır. Tek grup ön test-son test deneysel desenli bu araştırmada, öğretmen adaylarının TPAB’larını belirlemek için vignette tekniğine dayalı bireysel yarı-yapılandırılmış mülakatlar; sınıf içi uygulamaları için sınıf içi gözlem notları, ders video kayıtları ve sınıf içi gözlem ölçekleri veri toplama aracı olarak kullanılmıştır. Bu araştırmada elde edilen bulgulara göre, araştırmaya katılan öğretmen adaylarının gece-gündüz ve mevsimlerin oluşumu konuları kapsamındaki TPAB ve sınıf içi uygulamalarına ilişkin ön ve son testler arasında son test sonuçları lehine anlamlı bir değişimin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlara dayalı olarak, TPAB temelli harmanlanmış öğrenme ortamının fen bilimleri öğretmen adaylarının TPAB ve sınıf içi uygulamalarının gelişiminde önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğu görülmektedir

Antimicrobial efficiency of rosemary, thyme and clove essential oils on the preservation of marinated chicken breasts (fillets)

Essential oils can be used as natural preservatives in the poultry meat industry. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of some essential oils on the microbial, physicochemical, and sensory properties of marinated chicken breast. For this purpose, rosemary, thyme, and clove essential oils were used at doses of 125 mg·kg-1 and 250 mg·kg-1 while marinating chicken breasts. After the marinated chicken breasts were divided into groups, they were stored in the refrigerator at 4°C. The results showed that 250 mg·kg-1 doses of essential oils, especially at 24 h, and rosemary had more inhibitory effects on some microbial (total mesophilic aerobic, total psychrophilic aerobic, and yeast–mold) parameters. However, the sensory groups with the addition of 125 mg·kg-1 were more accepted. Among these groups, the most acceptable group was the group that added 125 mg·kg-1 of thyme essential oil. The study shows that the use of thyme essential oil as an alternative to chemical preservatives may be beneficial both in extending the shelf life of marinated chicken breasts and in terms of consumer taste

Dokuz Tip Mizaç Ölçeği Ergen (DTMÖ-E) Formunun Geçerlik- Güvenirliği ve Ergenlerde Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu İle Mizaç Tipleri Arasındaki İlişki

The purpose of this study is developing adolescent form (11-16 years old) of Nine Types Temperament Scale (NTTS) depending on Nine Types Temperament Model (Study 1) and evaluating and searching the relationship between Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Types of NTTM (Study 2). Sample of Study I consist of 1240 students who are between 11 and 16 years old. Pilot form of the Scale which consists of 90 items is tested with confirmatory factor analysis and with convergent and discriminant validity and the last version of the measure which consist of 82 items is prepared. Basic Personality Traits Inventory (BPTI) which depends on Fife Factor Model is used for Criterion-related validation. Results show that NTTS-A is valid and reliable measure for evaluating temperament types between 11-16 years adolescents. Their fit index is calculated as χ2 /df <3; SRMR, 0.06; RMSEA, 0.045; CFI, 0.909: TLI, 0901 supported to validity data. Sample of Study II consist of 56 adolescents who are diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM-IV diagnosis criteria and 56 students who does not get diagnosed with ADHD or mental retardation/medical disorder. Temperament types of participants are evaluated by the agency of Study-I and NTTS-A, which is developed appropriate for Turkish culture. Indication of the study shows that there are more NTT7 and NTT8 in NTTM types between adolescents with ADHD than the group, who are not diagnosed with ADHD. As a result, it is discussed that traits which belong to some temperament types could have a predisposing effect on emergence of ADHD, experiencing these traits extreme severely could cause a view similar to ADHD and ADHD which is a neurodevelopmental disease could interact with temperament traits of person, in that way it could illustrate ADHD clinic. Available findings support critics about that students are labelled as ADHD specially in the last years in education environment even if they have mostly not developmental problems and students are diagnosed easily with limited observations. However, it is asserted that diagnosis based on temperament, treatment and psychosocial support programmes could be formed and effects of ADHD, which is a factor interacting with temperament traits, on personality structure of adolescents on their development process, could be predicted. Our study has the feature of being the first measure developing study which is intended to evaluate temperament types of adolescents between 11-16 years old and also it is has the feature of being the first study which searches relationship between NTTM types and ADHD.Bu çalışmanın amacı, Dokuz Tip Mizaç Modeli (DTMM)’ne dayalı olarak erişkinler için geliştirilen Dokuz Tip Mizaç Ölçeğinin (DTMÖ) 11-16 yaş arası ergen formunu (DTMÖ-E) geliştirmek (Çalışma I) ve DTMM tipleri ile Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu (DEHB) arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek ve değerlendirmektir (Çalışma II). Çalışma I’in örneklemi 11-16 yaş aralığındaki 1240 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. 90 maddeden oluşan ölçeğin pilot formu doğrulayıcı faktör analizi, yakınsak ve ayırma (diskriminant) geçerliği ile test edilmiş ve ölçeğin 82 maddelik son hali hazırlanmıştır. Ölçüt geçerliği için ise Beş Faktör Modeli’ne dayanan Temel Kişilik Özellikleri Envanteri (TKÖE) kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, DTMÖ-E’nin 11-16 yaş arası ergenlerin mizaç tiplerini değerlendirmede kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek olduğunu göstermektedir. Uyum indeksleri χ2 /df <3; SRMR, 0.06; RMSEA, 0.045; CFI, 0.909: TLI, 0901 olarak geçerlik verilerini destekler nitelikte hesaplanmıştır. Çalışma II’nin örneklemi ise DSM-IV tanı ölçütlerine göre DEHB tanısı almış 56 ergen ve mental retardasyon / tıbbi rahatsızlık ve DEHB tanısı bulunmayan 56 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Katılımcıların mizaç tipleri, Çalışma-I ile Türk kültürüne uygun olarak geliştirilen DTMÖ-E aracılığıyla değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın bulguları, DEHB’li ergenler arasında DTMM tiplerinden DTM7 ve DTM8’in DEHB tanısı almayan gruba göre daha fazla bulunduğunu göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak, bazı mizaç tiplerine ait özelliklerin DEHB ortaya çıkmasına yatkınlaştırıcı etkisinin olabileceği, bu özelliklerin aşırı şiddette yaşanmasının DEHB benzeri bir görünüm ortaya çıkarabileceği ve nörogelişimsel bir hastalık olan DEHB’in kişinin mizaç özellikleri ile etkileşerek DEHB kliniğini sergileyebileceği tartışılmıştır. Mevcut bulgular, eğitim çevrelerinde öğrencilerin özellikle son yıllarda sıklıkla gelişimsel bir sorun olmadığı halde DEHB olarak etiketlenmesi ve sınırlı gözlemlerle kolay tanı konmasıyla ilgili eleştirileri destekleyebilecek niteliktedir. Bunun yanı sıra DTMM’nin yaklaşımı sayesinde mizaç temelli tanı, tedavi ve psikososyal destek programlarının oluşturulabileceği ve mizaç özellikleriyle etkileşen bir faktör olarak DEHB’in ergenlerin gelişim süreçlerinde kişilik yapısına nasıl bir etkide bulunacağının öngörülebileceği öne sürülmektedir. Çalışmamız, Türkiye’de 11-16 yaş arasındaki ergenlerin mizaç tiplerini değerlendirmeye yönelik ilk ölçek geliştirme çalışması olmanın yanı sıra, DTMM tipleri ile DEHB arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyen ilk çalışma olma özelliğindedir

Evaluation of patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease: Preliminary results from the Turk-UIP study

OBJECTIVE: Differential diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is important among fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (ILD). This study aimed to evaluate the rate of IPF in patients with fibrotic ILD and to determine the clinical-laboratory features of patients with and without IPF that would provide the differential diagnosis of IPF. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included the patients with the usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern or possible UIP pattern on thorax high-resolution computed tomography, and/or UIP pattern, probable UIP or possible UIP pattern at lung biopsy according to the 2011 ATS/ERSARS/ALAT guidelines. Demographics and clinical and radiological data of the patients were recorded. All data recorded by researchers was evaluated by radiology and the clinical decision board. RESULTS: A total of 336 patients (253 men, 83 women, age 65.8 +/- 9.0 years) were evaluated. Of the patients with sufficient data for diag-nosis (n=300), the diagnosis was IPF in 121 (40.3%), unclassified idiopathic interstitial pneumonia in 50 (16.7%), combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) in 40 (13.3%), and lung involvement of connective tissue disease (CTD) in 16 (5.3%). When 29 patients with definite IPF features were added to the patients with CPFE, the total number of IPF patients reached 150 (50%). Rate of male sex (p<0.001), smoking history (p<0.001), and the presence of clubbing (p=0.001) were significantly high in patients with IPE None of the women <50 years and none of the men <50 years of age without a smoking history were diagnosed with IPE Presence of at least 1 of the symptoms suggestive of CTD, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and antinuclear antibody (FANA) positivity rates were significantly higher in the non-IPF group (p<0.001, p=0.029, p=0.009, respectively). CONCLUSION: The rate of IPF among patients with fibrotic ILD was 50%. In the differential diagnosis of IPF, sex, smoking habits, and the presence of clubbing are important. The presence of symptoms related to CTD, ESR elevation, and EANA positivity reduce the likelihood of IPF