Interactions between vegetation and river morphodynamics. Part II: Why is a functional trait framework important?

International audienceThe structure and function of riparian ecosystems generally result from feedbacks between plant dynamics and fluvial processes and landforms, i.e., river morphodynamics. Taxonomic approaches do not allow to directly identify and quantify the mechanisms involved in the interaction between plant communities and the geomorphological environment. Although riparian ecosystems show enormous taxonomic variations, comparable patterns of plant response traits evolving across different taxa may evolve in response to the exposure to similar hydrogeomorphological processes in relation to flow dynamics, sediment transport, and nutrient and water availability. Biogeomorphological functional classifications for plant responses to, and effects on, river morphodynamics at the levels of individual plants, populations, and communities have been proposed in the literature. They have served here as a basis for identifying and quantifying, within a here presented standardised functional trait framework, key plant response and effect traits that can help to explain feedbacks between plants and morphodynamics. In particular functional guilds and functional diversity metrics can be applied at the population and community levels for exploring feedbacks between vegetation and river morphodynamics worldwide. In this framework, the variability in plant effects across different environments and spatiotemporal scales, related to the biological characteristics of the plants (i.e., morphological reconfiguration of plants into the flow, seasonal phenology, phenotypic plasticity, and vegetation succession), can be explored. New opportunities including remote sensing and numerical modelling approaches, coupled with the inclusion of plant traits through our original framework, shall improve our understanding of feedbacks between vegetation and morphodynamics and contribute to an improved prediction of biogeomorphological river trajectories

Contribution de l’analyse multi-temporelle pour la gestion et restauration des cours d’eau : végétation riveraine et résilience (projet GALE&T)

International audienc

A missing-mass spectrometer for momenta below 15 GeV/c

An apparatus consisting of two magnetic spectrometers has been constructed at the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) in a missing-mass experiment to identify and select the beam particle and the outgoing one, and to measure their momenta. The authors give details of the two spectrometers, which are comprised of multiwire proportional chambers, high resolution time-of-flight counters, and aerogel and water Cherenkov detectors. (9 refs)