Inteligencia Artificial aplicada al cross-selling en seguros

La transformación imparable que supone la Inteligencia Artificial no deja indiferente al sector asegurador. Una de las estrategias de venta más rentables e innovadoras actualmente es el cross-selling, que combinada con la Inteligencia Artificial en las compañías de seguros genera un enorme interés. En este trabajo se evalúan y discuten distintas metodologías modernas para predecir el interés de los actuales clientes de una compañía de seguros sobre una oferta de un seguro de automóviles. Este análisis constituye una propuesta que abarca numerosos beneficios debido a la exploración y manipulación de una gran cantidad de datos de la que se extrae información muy relevante.The unstoppable transformation that Artificial Intelligence entails does not leave the insurance sector indifferent. Nowadays, one of the most profitable and innovative sales strategies is cross-selling, which combined with Artificial Intelligence in insurance companies generates enormous interest. In this work, different modern methodologies are evaluated and discussed to predict the interest of the current customers of an insurance company in an automobile insurance offer. This analysis constitutes a proposal that encompasses numerous benefits due to the exploration and manipulation of a large amount of data from which highly relevant information is extracted.Máster en Ciencias Actuariales y Financiera

Sistemas de Información Geográfica en Salud Pública: su aplicación al programa de vigilancia y control de la legionelosis

This experience has been developed by the Public Health Institute of the Community of Madrid in order to use the GIS tools in the Legionnaires’ disease prevention programme and specifically in three work areas: epidemiologic surveillance, cooling towers environmental control and plans of intervention in case of an outbreak of Legionnaires’ disease.After having considered different strategies with their advantages the selected model have been the use of map viewers in the intranet with a different configuration format depending on its goals: images map viewers for systematic non-outbreak cases and cooling towers surveillance, viewers that allow an easier and usual consultation and, in the other hand, layers map viewers, better adapted to more complex users’ necessities and so designed to work in emergency situations. Both models are implemented to decentralise the use of these indispensable tools and make them closer of the public health professionals.Some methodological proposals to study spatial association of Legionaires’disease outbreaks are also presented and discussed in this paper.Se presenta la experiencia desarrollada en el Instituto de Salud Pública de la Comunidad de Madrid en el manejo y aplicación de los SIG al programa de legionelosis en tres campos específicos e interrelacionados: la vigilancia de casos esporádicos, la vigilancia sanitario-ambiental de las instalaciones de riesgo y la intervención ante situaciones de alerta en salud pública.Se hace una revisión de los diferentes modelos operativos que se pueden aplicar, sus ventajas e inconvenientes, así como los modelos elegidos en este caso: el uso de visores cartográficos difundidos internamente en la organización vía web, de diferente configuración según su uso en la vigilancia sistemática (tanto de casos como de factores de riesgo medioambiental) o en la atención a situaciones de brotes comunitarios. En el primer caso se ha optado por visores cerrados, de imágenes, que facilitan la consulta sistemática de la situación y en el segundo, por visores de capas, más flexibles en su manejo. En ambos casos se persigue descentralizar el uso de las herramientas imprescindibles por parte de los técnicos de salud pública que trabajan en el territorio.Se revisa asimismo la estructura organizativa puesta en marcha para cumplir los objetivos en la forma diseñada.Por último, se formulan como propuestas metodológicas de abordaje del estudio espacial de brotes las diseñadas a lo largo de la experiencia que se presenta en este artículo

Una nueva herramienta digital para el estudio de los hábitos de consumo de vino

Trabajo presentado en el XV Congreso Nacional de Investigación Enológica, celebrado en Murcia (España), del 23 al 26 de mayo de 2022Este trabajo nace de la necesidad de implementar nuevas metodologías que permitan cuantificar de forma objetiva y más precisa el consumo de vino, en relación con las herramientas más comunes basadas en las Encuestas de Frecuencia de Consumo de Alimentos (FFQ) que asignan 100 mL de forma fija para una copa/vaso de vino. El objetivo de este trabajo se ha centrado en el desarrollo de una herramienta digital de análisis de imagen, basada en inteligencia artificial que permita cuantificar la cantidad de vino tinto servido en una copa/vaso a partir de una simple fotografía tomada con un teléfono móvil. Para la construcción de la herramienta, se ha creado un banco de imágenes con 24.305 fotografías de estudio considerando una serie de variables que incluyen distintos tipos de copas/vasos y volúmenes de vino tinto, distintas condiciones de luz, fondo de fotografía, distancia del objeto y ángulo focal. A partir de este banco, se ha desarrollado un modelo basado en una red neuronal convolucional (CNN) de regresión que permite predecir el volumen de vino tinto a partir de una fotografía de la copa/vaso que contiene el vino. La aplicación del modelo ha demostrado un rendimiento satisfactorio con un error absoluto medio en la medida de volumen de vino inferior a 10 mL. A partir de este primer modelo, el siguiente paso es su optimización y validación incorporando al mismo fotografías que recojan situaciones reales de consumo de vino, en el contexto de la dieta y el estilo de vida de distintos grupos de la población. Esperamos que esta nueva herramienta basada en el análisis de imagen supondrá un soporte importante para la recogida de información sobre dieta y hábitos de consumo de vino mucho más objetiva que la recogida mediante encuestas. También esperamos aportar datos más precisos sobre los hábitos individuales de consumo de vino en España

CHAPTER 5: FORMATION AND EVOLUTION OF GALAXIES AND LARGE STRUCTURES

Peer reviewe

Clinical value of next generation sequencing of plasma cell-free DNA in gastrointestinal stromal tumors

[Background] Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) initiation and evolution is commonly framed by KIT/PDGFRA oncogenic activation, and in later stages by the polyclonal expansion of resistant subpopulations harboring KIT secondary mutations after the onset of imatinib resistance. Thus, circulating tumor (ct)DNA determination is expected to be an informative non-invasive dynamic biomarker in GIST patients.[Methods] We performed amplicon-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) across 60 clinically relevant genes in 37 plasma samples from 18 GIST patients collected prospectively. ctDNA alterations were compared with NGS of matched tumor tissue samples (obtained either simultaneously or at the time of diagnosis) and cross-validated with droplet digital PCR (ddPCR).[Results] We were able to identify cfDNA mutations in five out of 18 patients had detectable in at least one timepoint. Overall, NGS sensitivity for detection of cell-free (cf)DNA mutations in plasma was 28.6%, showing high concordance with ddPCR confirmation. We found that GIST had relatively low ctDNA shedding, and mutations were at low allele frequencies. ctDNA was detected only in GIST patients with advanced disease after imatinib failure, predicting tumor dynamics in serial monitoring. KIT secondary mutations were the only mechanism of resistance found across 10 imatinib-resistant GIST patients progressing to sunitinib or regorafenib.[Conclusions] ctDNA evaluation with amplicon-based NGS detects KIT primary and secondary mutations in metastatic GIST patients, particularly after imatinib progression. GIST exhibits low ctDNA shedding, but ctDNA monitoring, when positive, reflects tumor dynamics.This research is supported by a Fero Fellowship Award (C.S.), Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer (J.P. Barcelona) (C.S.), and ISCIII PI16/01371 (C.S.). C.S. and A.V. acknowledge to the Cellex Foundation for providing facilities and equipment

Clinical value of next generation sequencing of plasma cell-free DNA in gastrointestinal stromal tumors

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) initiation and evolution is commonly framed by KIT/PDGFRA oncogenic activation, and in later stages by the polyclonal expansion of resistant subpopulations harboring KIT secondary mutations after the onset of imatinib resistance. Thus, circulating tumor (ct)DNA determination is expected to be an informative non-invasive dynamic biomarker in GIST patients. We performed amplicon-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) across 60 clinically relevant genes in 37 plasma samples from 18 GIST patients collected prospectively. ctDNA alterations were compared with NGS of matched tumor tissue samples (obtained either simultaneously or at the time of diagnosis) and cross-validated with droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). We were able to identify cfDNA mutations in five out of 18 patients had detectable in at least one timepoint. Overall, NGS sensitivity for detection of cell-free (cf)DNA mutations in plasma was 28.6%, showing high concordance with ddPCR confirmation. We found that GIST had relatively low ctDNA shedding, and mutations were at low allele frequencies. ctDNA was detected only in GIST patients with advanced disease after imatinib failure, predicting tumor dynamics in serial monitoring. KIT secondary mutations were the only mechanism of resistance found across 10 imatinib-resistant GIST patients progressing to sunitinib or regorafenib. ctDNA evaluation with amplicon-based NGS detects KIT primary and secondary mutations in metastatic GIST patients, particularly after imatinib progression. GIST exhibits low ctDNA shedding, but ctDNA monitoring, when positive, reflects tumor dynamics

COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against hospitalization due to SARS-CoV-2: A test-negative design study based on Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) sentinel surveillance in Spain

Background: With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, influenza surveillance systems in Spain were transformed into a new syndromic sentinel surveillance system. The Acute Respiratory Infection Surveillance System (SiVIRA in Spanish) is based on a sentinel network for acute respiratory infection (ARI) surveillance in primary care and a network of sentinel hospitals for severe ARI (SARI) surveillance in hospitals. Methods: Using a test-negative design and data from SARI admissions notified to SiVIRA between January 1 and October 3, 2021, we estimated COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) against hospitalization, by age group, vaccine type, time since vaccination, and SARS-CoV-2 variant. Results: VE was 89% (95% CI: 83-93) against COVID-19 hospitalization overall in persons aged 20 years and older. VE was higher for mRNA vaccines, and lower for those aged 80 years and older, with a decrease in protection beyond 3 months of completing vaccination, and a further decrease after 5 months. We found no differences between periods with circulation of Alpha or Delta SARS-CoV-2 variants, although variant-specific VE was slightly higher against Alpha. Conclusions: The SiVIRA sentinel hospital surveillance network in Spain was able to describe clinical and epidemiological characteristics of SARI hospitalizations and provide estimates of COVID-19 VE in the population under surveillance. Our estimates add to evidence of high effectiveness of mRNA vaccines against severe COVID-19 and waning of protection with time since vaccination in those aged 80 or older. No substantial differences were observed between SARS-CoV-2 variants (Alpha vs. Delta).The data of the study was originally collectedas part of the following projects run by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control:“Establishing Severe Acute Respiratory Infections (SARI) surveillance and performing hospital-based COVID-19 transmission studies”, “Developing an infrastructure and performing vaccine effectiveness studies for COVID-19 vaccines in the EU/EEA”, and the “Vaccine Effectiveness, Burden and Impact Studies(VEBIS) of COVID-19 and Influenza".S