Integridade acadêmica na prática clínica pré-profissional odontológica

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and causes of some situations that violate academic integrity during clinical training practices in graduates of the School of Dentistry of a public university in Ecuador. A descriptive observational study was done. An electronic survey was administered to dentistry graduates from 2018 to 2020. Descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test were performed to determine the differences by gender. 56.64% of the graduates evidenced the care of patients without having a dental medical history. The majority considered that the main cause for these behaviors was to pass the clinic level. The oral rehabilitation area is where transgressions occur more frequently. The situations of transgression of academic integrity are serious and it is a prevalent problem. Members of the dental school should work to develop protocols to prevent and reduce these behaviors.Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la prevalencia de algunas situaciones que transgreden la integridad académica durante las prácticas clínicas formativas y sus motivaciones en los egresados de la Facultad de Odontología de una universidad pública del Ecuador. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo. Se aplicó una encuesta electrónica a los egresados de odontología del 2018 al 2020. Se realizaron estadísticas descriptivas y la prueba Chi Cuadrado para determinar las diferencias por género. El 56,64% de los egresados evidenció la atención de pacientes sin poseer una historia clínica, la mayoría consideró que la principal motivación para estas conductas fue el pasar el nivel de la clínica y el área de rehabilitación oral es donde las transgresiones suceden con mayor frecuencia. Las situaciones de transgresión a la integridad académica son serias y es un problema prevalente. Los miembros de la Facultad de Odontología deben trabajar para desarrollar protocolos que prevengan y disminuyan estos comportamientos.Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a prevalência de algumas situações que violam a integridade acadêmica durante as práticas de treinamento clínico e suas motivações em graduados da Faculdade de Odontologia de uma universidade pública no Equador. Foi realizado um estudo observacional descritivo. Uma pesquisa eletrônica foi aplicada aos graduados em odontologia de 2018 a 2020. A estatística descritiva e o teste do Chi-quadrado foram realizados para determinar as diferenças por sexo. 56,64% dos graduados evidenciaram o atendimento de pacientes sem ter histórico clínico, a maioria considerou que a principal motivação para essas condutas foi passar do nível clínico e a área de reabilitação oral é onde as transgressões ocorrem com mais frequência. Situações de transgressão à integridade acadêmica são graves e um problema prevalente. Os membros da Faculdade de Odontologia devem trabalhar para desenvolver protocolos que previnam e reduzam esses comportamentos

In vitro antibacterial activity of Croton lechleri on Streptococcus mutans

Objetivo: El propósito del presente estudio fue determinar la actividad antibacteriana de Croton lechleri (C. lechleri) sobre cepas de S. mutans ATCC 35668. Métodos: Se utilizó concentraciones al 50, 75 y 100% de C. lechleri, como control positivo a la clorhexidina 0,12% y al agua destilada como control negativo. Se midieron los halos de inhibición producidos alrededor de discos embebidos con cada una de las concentraciones de C. lechleri sobre colonias de S. mutans sembradas en Agar Muller Hinton. Resultados: Las concentraciones al 75% y 100% de C. lechleri mostraron actividad antibacteriana in vitro sobre S. mutans, la concentración al 50% no manifestó ninguna actividad. La clorhexidina al 0,12% mostró mayor actividad antibacteriana in vitro que las concentraciones de C. lechleri en los grupos de estudio evaluados. Conclusiones: Croton lechleri puede ser una alternativa natural, accesible y de bajo costo para métodos de prevención en caries dental al utilizarse al 75 y 100%.Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of Croton lechleri (C. lechleri) on strains of S. mutans ATCC 35668. Methods: It was used 50%, 75% and 100% concentrations of C. lechleri, and chlorhexidine (0.12%) as a positive control and distilled water as a negative control. It was measured the inhibition halos produced around imbibed discs with each of the concentrations of C. lechleri on colonies of S. mutans which were seeded in Muller Hinton Agar. Results: 75% and 100% of C. lechleri concentration showed antibacterial activity in vitro over S. mutans, 50% concentration showed no activity. 0.12% chlorhexidine concentration showed a higher antibacterial activity in vitro than all the concentrations of C. lechleri groups evaluated. Conclusions: Croton lechleri can be a natural, accessible and low-cost alternative for prevention methods in dental caries when used at 75% and 100%

Consultoría y conexión en salud mental en la perspectiva de la estrategia de salud de la familia

Objetivo: analisar as atividades de consultoria e ligação, realizadas pelos profissionais especializados em Saúde Mental, na perspectiva dos profissionais da ESF. Método: estudo exploratório, realizado em cinco núcleos de Saúde da Família, em um município do interior paulista, em 2010. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas, os quais foram submetidos à Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados: as atividades de consultoria e ligação mostraram-se como um espaço de aprendizado mútuo entre especialistas de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental e equipes da ESF. Conclusão: recomenda-se a ampliação do número de atividades que articulem as ações de saúde mental com a ESF, como a consultoria e ligação, a fim favorecer a sensibilidade das equipes para as demandas de saúde mental na ESF e consolidação da integralidade do cuidado.Objetivo: analisar como actividades de consultoría y ligação realizadas pelis profissionais tourism em saúde mental na perspective dos profissionais da ESF. Método: estudo exploratorio, realizado en cinco núcleos de Salud de la familia, en el municipio de interior paulista, en 2010. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas, os quais foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Resultados: como atividades de consultoría y ligação mostraram-se como um espaço de aprendised mútuo entre especialistas de psiquiatria e saúde mental e equipes del ESF. Conclusión: recomendar una ampliación del número de actividades que articulan como funciones de salud mental con un ESF, como una consultoría y ligazón, un enfoque para sensibilizar a los equipos para las demandas de salud mental en ESF y consolidación de la integridad del cuidado.Objective: analyze the consulting and liaison activities carried out by professionals specialized in mental health from the perspective of the PHC. Method: an exploratory study, realized in five Family Health centers, in a municipality in the countryside of São Paulo, in 2010. Data were collected through interviews, which were submitted to content analysis. Results: as consultationliaison activities were shown as a space for mutual learning between specialists in psychiatry and mental health and PHC teams. Conclusion: it is recommended to increase the number of activities that articulate mental health actions with PHC, such as consultation and liaison, in order to favor the sensitivity of the teams to the demands of mental health in the PHC and consolidation of the integral care

Erratum to: Methods for evaluating medical tests and biomarkers

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s41512-016-0001-y.]

Evidence synthesis to inform model-based cost-effectiveness evaluations of diagnostic tests: a methodological systematic review of health technology assessments

Background: Evaluations of diagnostic tests are challenging because of the indirect nature of their impact on patient outcomes. Model-based health economic evaluations of tests allow different types of evidence from various sources to be incorporated and enable cost-effectiveness estimates to be made beyond the duration of available study data. To parameterize a health-economic model fully, all the ways a test impacts on patient health must be quantified, including but not limited to diagnostic test accuracy. Methods: We assessed all UK NIHR HTA reports published May 2009-July 2015. Reports were included if they evaluated a diagnostic test, included a model-based health economic evaluation and included a systematic review and meta-analysis of test accuracy. From each eligible report we extracted information on the following topics: 1) what evidence aside from test accuracy was searched for and synthesised, 2) which methods were used to synthesise test accuracy evidence and how did the results inform the economic model, 3) how/whether threshold effects were explored, 4) how the potential dependency between multiple tests in a pathway was accounted for, and 5) for evaluations of tests targeted at the primary care setting, how evidence from differing healthcare settings was incorporated. Results: The bivariate or HSROC model was implemented in 20/22 reports that met all inclusion criteria. Test accuracy data for health economic modelling was obtained from meta-analyses completely in four reports, partially in fourteen reports and not at all in four reports. Only 2/7 reports that used a quantitative test gave clear threshold recommendations. All 22 reports explored the effect of uncertainty in accuracy parameters but most of those that used multiple tests did not allow for dependence between test results. 7/22 tests were potentially suitable for primary care but the majority found limited evidence on test accuracy in primary care settings. Conclusions: The uptake of appropriate meta-analysis methods for synthesising evidence on diagnostic test accuracy in UK NIHR HTAs has improved in recent years. Future research should focus on other evidence requirements for cost-effectiveness assessment, threshold effects for quantitative tests and the impact of multiple diagnostic tests

Erratum to: Methods for evaluating medical tests and biomarkers

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s41512-016-0001-y.]

Necesidades de formación de los docentes de bachillerato de la Unidad Educativa Luigi Galvani, de la provincia de Pichincha, ciudad de Quito, periodo 2012 2013

La presente investigación busca cumplir el objetivo de analizar las necesidades formativas de los docentes de bachillerato de la Unidad Educativa Luigi Galvani, conformando un programa de capacitación que permita actualizar y generar nuevas competencias a fin de mejorar la capacidad de conformación de la planificación del curriculum académico. Su desarrollo, permitió tener como resultado una estructura académica debidamente respaldada en una planificación, la cual contará con todos los recursos humanos, técnicos y tecnológicos necesarios para su cumplimiento, así como también los procesos de evaluación que permitirán determinar los beneficios que los docentes encuestados han alcanzado en su participación. Su desarrollo representa para la institución un mecanismo necesario para mejorar su gestión y elevar los niveles de calidad académica ofertada. En ésta tesis se quiere dar a conocer que la formación del docente, debe ser entendida como una actividad permanente, orientada a la conservación y al mejoramiento del nivel de enseñanza de los docentes, y adecuarse con las necesidades de los alumnos

Channeled Multicast For Group Communications

Multi-agent systems can benefit from the possibility of broadcasting messages to a wide audience. The audience may include overhearing agents which, unknown to senders, observe conversations and, among other things, pro-actively send suggestions. Current mainstream agent communication languages however lack adequate support for broadcasting. This paper defines the requirements for a form of broadcast that we call channeled multicast, whose distinguishing features include the ability to distinguish streams of messages by their theme, and to address agents by their characteristics. We present an implementation based on multicast IP, called LoudVoice. We show how channeled multicast could be used in alternative to matchmaking, and present in some detail a broadcast-based version of the English Auction Interaction Protocol. Finally, we discuss how we use the ability to overhear conversations in order to build innovative applications and we present a case study which is a testbed for various types of agents and multi-agent systems