Caracterização dos utilizadores de web sites institucionais via web log mining : o caso do Tribunal de Contas

Dissertação de Mestrado em Sistemas de InformaçãoÉ difícil encontrar outro meio de comunicação que tenha crescido tão rapidamente e num volume tão grande como a World Wide Web. Ao mesmo tempo, é díficil encontrar um que encerre em si próprio, de maneira tão abundante, a meta-informação necessária para o seu estudo aprofundado. Ver a WWW como um simples depósito de informação, constitui um ponto de vista redutor. Muito embora, num sentido restrito, seja possível encarar tudo o que ela oferece como sendo informação à nossa disposição, a verdade é que uma das suas grandes virtudes, é o facto de fornecer cada vez mais maneiras de levar os utilizadores a interagir com essa informação – para a manipular (ajax), para a alterar (wikis), para a aumentar (blogs), para a transformar e ampliar (mashups), entre outros exemplos e abordagens. Os registos de acesso aos web sites (logs) constituem a principal fonte de informação quanto à forma como a WWW é, de facto, utilizada. Mais do que se basear na análise de factores externos (como qualquer canal de televisão, que tem que perguntar aos tele-espectadores se o viram), qualquer web site pode registar automaticamente todas as consultas que lhe são feitas. Da análise destes acessos depende a correcta compreensão do lugar e funções desempenhadas pelo web site, ao longo da sua vida. Nesta dissertação procuramos reunir os dois mundos. Pretendemos caracterizar a informação disponibilizada num web site (o do Tribunal de Contas), pedindo “emprestados” alguns conceitos à biologia – para traçar uma espécie de “ADN” de cada documento. Pretendemos também, recorrendo aos logs de acesso, traçar outro ADN, o dos utilizadores do web site, com base nos seus padrões de uso. Os resultados de um trabalho desta natureza poderão auxiliar abordagens futuras a este e outros web sites, no sentido de facilitar um tipo de classificação automática de documentos e de permitir a criação e manutenção no tempo de perfis de utilização, numa tentativa de fazer adequar com maior precisão a informação que é disponibilizada, com as necessidades dos utilizadores.It's hard to find any kind of media with a growth-rate as high as the World Wide Web. At the same time, it's hard to find one that stores within itself such an amount of metadata, useful for an indepth study. It is wrong to look at the WWW simply as a kind of information store. Although all its contents are information one way or the other, truth is there are quite a few ways of letting the users interact with that information, either to manipulate it (via ajax-based applications), to alter it (through the use of wikis), to add to it (via blogs and web sites themselves) or to transform and amplify its meanings (through mashups). These are only a few examples on what can be done today. Web site access logs are the main information source on how the WWW is used. Rather than asking the users if they viewed the pages (such as a TV station might do), any web site has the means to keep a permanent record about its visitors. By analyzing these logs, we are able to get a better understanding of the roles played by the web site. In this document we borrow a few concepts from biology, in order to establish a kind of 'DNA' for each document on the web site of the Portuguese Court of Auditors (Tribunal de Contas). We do this by looking at the WWW as an information source and by processing what we find. At the same time, we try do extend the same approach to the users who looked for those documents, by processing the web access logs. The results of such an approach might enable future uses of automatic document classification, as well as an effective personalization of information delivery.Il est très difficile de trouver quelque sorte de média avec une croissance si grande que le World Wide Web. En même façon, il est difficile de trouver un moyen intéractif d'information qui préserve une si grande quantité de métadonnées dans son intérieur, et qui puisse les utiliser por des études en profondeur. Le Web n'est seulement un depôt d'information. On peut bien regarder tout ce qu'il présent comme s'il était de l'information toute simple. Pourtant, aujour'dui il'y a plusieurs moyens à la disposition des utilisateurs pour accomplir une intéraction riche avec les contenus présentés: pour faire sa manipulation (à travers les applications Ajax), pour faire des modifications (à travers les wikis), pour participier dans sa croissance (à travers les blogs et les web sites, êux-mêmes) ou pour faire des transformations (à travers les mashups). Ce ne sont que des examples sur les possibilités d'utilisation offertes. Le logging des pages Web consultées est la première source d'information sur l'utilisation du WWW. Par example, quand on parle d'une châine de télévision, le seul moyen qu'elle a pour connaître les charactéristiques de ses téléspectateurs, est de les demander directement. Par contraire, un web site peut enregistrer automatiquement toutes les visites à ses pages. Quand on analyse ces logs, on peut comprendre parfaitement l'évolution du site et les modes d'intéraction utilisés. Dans ce travail, nous cherchons une façon d'unifier ces deux réalités. D'un coté nous avons l'information disponible dans le web site do Cour des Comptes Portugais (Tribunal de Contas) laquelle sera procéssé pour créer une espéce d'ADN pour chaque document. De l'autre coté, nous avons les web logs, qui nous permetront identifier des utilisateurs, et établir aussi son ADN (on parle d'ADN d'une façon symbolique, puisque nous créons des séquences d'identification numériques pour chaque document/utilisateur). Les résultats peuvent pêut-être nos approcher d'une classification automatique des documents, et aussi d'une création de profils d'utilisateurs

Integrating factors associated with complex wound healing into a mobile application: findings from a cohort study

Complex, chronic or hard-to-heal wounds are a prevalent health problem worldwide, with significant physical, psychological and social consequences. This study aims to identify factors associated with the healing process of these wounds and develop a mobile application for wound care that incorporates these factors. A prospective multicentre cohort study was conducted in nine health units in Portugal, involving data collection through a mobile application by nurses from April to October 2022. The study followed 46 patients with 57 wounds for up to 5 weeks, conducting six evaluations. Healing time was the main outcome measure, analysed using the Mann–Whitney test and three Cox regression models to calculate risk ratios. The study sample comprised various wound types, with pressure ulcers being the most common (61.4%), followed by venous leg ulcers (17.5%) and diabetic foot ulcers (8.8%). Factors that were found to impair the wound healing process included chronic kidney disease (U = 13.50; p = 0.046), obesity (U = 18.0; p = 0.021), non-adherence to treatment (U = 1.0; p = 0.029) and interference of the wound with daily routines (U = 11.0; p = 0.028). Risk factors for delayed healing over time were identified as bone involvement (RR 3.91; p < 0.001), presence of odour (RR 3.36; p = 0.007), presence of neuropathy (RR 2.49; p = 0.002), use of anti-inflammatory drugs (RR 2.45; p = 0.011), stalled wound (RR 2.26; p = 0.022), greater width (RR 2.03; p = 0.002), greater depth (RR 1.72; p = 0.036) and a high score on the healing scale (RR 1.21; p = 0.001). Integrating the identified risk factors for delayed healing into the assessment of patients and incorporating them into a mobile application can enhance decision-making in wound care.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Statement of Second Brazilian Congress of Mechanical Ventilarion : part I

Resumo não disponíve

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

O Saneamento em Lisboa entre 1852 e 1910: Espaço, Tecnologia, Vivência e Poderes

Entre as tecnologias urbanas necessárias para o bom funcionamento de uma cidade, as que estão relacionadas com o saneamento urbano são das mais importantes. A partir de meados do séc. XIX, a cidade de Lisboa sentiu por diversas vezes o impacto do mau funcionamento da sua rede de esgotos. A importância desta rede para as boas condições de vida da sua população foi reconhecida ao longo do tempo por quem interveio ou tentou intervir na cidade; abundaram os projectos e as iniciativas, boa parte das quais sem consequências práticas. Momentos de crise em termos de saúde pública, notórios em meados do século, aumentaram a discussão em torno da forma como era levado a cabo o saneamento urbano. A dependência que uma rede de esgotos manifesta perante o abastecimento de água foi um factor muito importante em todas as discussões e planificações. Falar do saneamento urbano em Lisboa obriga a olhar inevitavelmente para a forma como a cidade cresceu, para a maneira como a geografia influenciou escolhas operacionais e tecnológicas, para a implantação em geral de outras tecnologias urbanas, para o impacto em termos de saúde pública e para o papel dos vários participantes. Este conjunto de circunstâncias teve impacto na longa duração do processo de implantação de uma rede de esgotos em Lisboa.Among the urban technologies needed for the well beeing of a city, the ones related to urban sanitation are some of the the most important. From the mid 19th century onward, Lisbon suffered regularly from the negative impact of a flawed sewer network. The importance of such network on the living conditions of its population was frequently recognized by those who intervened (or tried to) in the city. Details abound over several projects and initiatives that were presented or took place, most of them with little to no impact from a pratical point of view. The public health crisis moments of the 1850s raised the public awareness about the problems surrounding both the sewers in particular, and urban sanitation in general. The inevitable relation between water supply networks and sewerage networks was a key factor in nearly every discussion and plan presented. Talking about urban sanitation in Lisbon requires an understanding of the way the city grew, of the role played by geography on both operational and technological choices, and of the general influence manifested by every other urban technology. The impact on public health and the different roles played by every other participant also have to be taken in consideration. All these factors are essential to understand the reasons behind the inherent slowness of the implantation of the sewer network in Lisbon between 1850 and 1910

Designing, development and validation of an app to reduce the response time of the emergency medical services.

IntroductionDelays in prehospital care attributable to the call-taking process can often be traced back to miscommunication, including uncertainty around the call location. Geolocation applications have the potential to streamline the call-taking process by accurately identifying the caller's location.ObjectiveTo develop and validate an application to geolocate emergency calls and compare the response time of calls made via the application with those of conventional calls made to the Brazilian Medical Emergency System (Serviço de Atendimento Médico de Urgência-SAMU).MethodsThis study was conducted in two stages. First, a geolocating application for SAMU emergency calls (CHAMU192) was developed using a mixed methods approach based on design thinking and subsequently validated using the System Usability Scale (SUS). In the second stage, sending time of the geolocation information of the app was compared with the time taken to process information through conventional calls. For this, a hypothetical case control study was conducted with SAMU in the Maringá, Paraná, Brazil. A control group of 350 audio recordings of emergency calls from 2019 was compared to a set of test calls made through the CHAMU192 app. The CHAMU192 group consisted of 201 test calls in Maringá. In test calls, the location was obtained by GPS and sent to the SAMU communication system. Comparative analysis between groups was performed using the Mann-Whitney test.ResultsCHAMU192 had a SUS score of 90, corresponding to a "best imaginable" usability rating. The control group had a median response time of 35.67 seconds (26.00-48.12). The response time of the CHAMU192 group was 0.20 (0.15-0.24).ConclusionThe use of the CHAMU192 app by emergency medical services could significantly reduce response time. The results demonstrate the potential of app improving the quality and patient outcomes related to the prehospital emergency care services

Buffy Coat Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Alterations in Host Cell Protein Synthesis and Cell Cycle in Severe COVID-19 Patients

Transcriptome studies have reported the dysregulation of cell cycle-related genes and the global inhibition of host mRNA translation in COVID-19 cases. However, the key genes and cellular mechanisms that are most affected by the severe outcome of this disease remain unclear. For this work, the RNA-seq approach was used to study the differential expression in buffy coat cells of two groups of people infected with SARS-CoV-2: (a) Mild, with mild symptoms; and (b) SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome), who were admitted to the intensive care unit with the severe COVID-19 outcome. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 1009 up-regulated and 501 down-regulated genes in the SARS group, with 10% of both being composed of long non-coding RNA. Ribosome and cell cycle pathways were enriched among down-regulated genes. The most connected proteins among the differentially expressed genes involved transport dysregulation, proteasome degradation, interferon response, cytokinesis failure, and host translation inhibition. Furthermore, interactome analysis showed Fibrillarin to be one of the key genes affected by SARS-CoV-2. This protein interacts directly with the N protein and long non-coding RNAs affecting transcription, translation, and ribosomal processes. This work reveals a group of dysregulated processes, including translation and cell cycle, as key pathways altered in severe COVID-19 outcomes