Care for the youngest children in childcare centre.

Bacheloroppgave i barnehagelærerutdanning, Høgskolen i Innlandet, 2017.Norsk: Temaet for denne bacheloroppgaven er omsorgens plass i rutinesituasjoner med ett- og toåringene i barnehagen. Hvordan barnehagelæreren forstår omsorgsbegrepet og hvordan omsorg synligjøres i arbeidet med ett- og toåringene i barnehagens rutinesituasjoner. Barnehagehverdagen med ett- og toåringene består av mange rutinesituasjoner, og jeg anser det som meget viktig at omsorgen for de yngste ivaretas på en god måte i disse situasjonene også.. I teorien vektlegges det tilstedeværende voksne som evner å inngå i interaksjon med ett- og toåringen, der barnet er aktivt deltakende. Rutinesituasjoner må ikke bli et middel for nå nye mål.English: The topic of this bachelor is the focus of care in routine situations with the one and two-year-old children in childcare centre. How the preschool teacher understands the concept of care, and how care is taken care of in the work of the one and two-year-old children in the childcares routine situations. The daily childcare with the one and two-year-old children consist of many routine situations. I consider it to be very important that care for the youngest is well taken care of in these situations too. In theory, we can read that it is important that the adults are present in positive interaction with one and two years old children, where the children are actively participating. Routine situations must not be the means of reaching new targets

World Biofuels Study

This report forms part of a project entitled 'World Biofuels Study'. The objective is to study world biofuel markets and to examine the possible contribution that biofuel imports could make to help meet the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA). The study was sponsored by the Biomass Program of the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), U.S. Department of Energy. It is a collaborative effort among the Office of Policy and International Affairs (PI), Department of Energy and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). The project consisted of three main components: (1) Assessment of the resource potential for biofuel feedstocks such as sugarcane, grains, soybean, palm oil and lignocellulosic crops and development of supply curves (ORNL). (2) Assessment of the cost and performance of biofuel production technologies (NREL). (3) Scenario-based analysis of world biofuel markets using the ETP global energy model with data developed in the first parts of the study (BNL). This report covers the modeling and analysis part of the project conducted by BNL in cooperation with PI. The Energy Technology Perspectives (ETP) energy system model was used as the analytical tool for this study. ETP is a 15 region global model designed using the MARKAL framework. MARKAL-based models are partial equilibrium models that incorporate a description of the physical energy system and provide a bottom-up approach to study the entire energy system. ETP was updated for this study with biomass resource data and biofuel production technology cost and performance data developed by ORNL and NREL under Tasks 1 and 2 of this project. Many countries around the world are embarking on ambitious biofuel policies through renewable fuel standards and economic incentives. As a result, the global biofuel demand is expected to grow very rapidly over the next two decades, provided policymakers stay the course with their policy goals. This project relied on a scenario-based analysis to study global biofuel markets. Scenarios were designed to evaluate the impact of different policy proposals and market conditions. World biofuel supply for selected scenarios is shown in Figure 1. The reference case total biofuel production increases from 12 billion gallons of ethanol equivalent in 2005 to 54 billion gallons in 2020 and 83 billion gallons in 2030. The scenarios analyzed show volumes ranging from 46 to 64 billion gallons in 2020, and from about 72 to about 100 billion gallons in 2030. The highest production worldwide occurs in the scenario with high feedstock availability combined with high oil prices and more rapid improvements in cellulosic biofuel conversion technologies. The lowest global production is found in the scenario with low feedstock availability, low oil prices and slower technology progress

Kartlegging av havnespy (Didemnum vexillum) i Haugesund og Karmøy kommune

Den fremmede sjøpungen havnespy (Didemnum vexillum) ble første gang observert i Norge nær Stavanger i 2020. Høsten 2021 ble den også funnet i Haugesund og mange funn ble registrert av dykkere. Sommeren 2023 gjennomførte vi en undersøkelse der vi kartla forekomsten av havnespy i Haugesund og Karmøy kommune ved hjelp av en liten ROV. Det ble funnet mye havnespy sentralt i Haugesund by over ett område på 1,5 km2, men med spredte kolonier utenfor dette området. Vi fant ikke arten på travle kaier i Karmøy kommune på vestsiden av Karmsundet, noe som indikerer at spredning av larver om sommeren har vært den viktigste vektoren for spredning. Kaiene på Risøy er trolig det første stedet der arten ble etablert da det der ble funnet svært mye av arten og der den har kolonisert nesten alt tilgjengelig hardbunns-substrat.Kartlegging av havnespy (Didemnum vexillum) i Haugesund og Karmøy kommunepublishedVersio

South African Energy Policies for Sustainable Development

This report models a range of energy policies for sustainable development in South Africa and evaluates the results against energy indicators of sustainable development. Demand- and supply-side policies exist that can contribute both to energy objectives, and also to broader sustainable development goals. The report builds on previous work on a South African profile on energy for sustainable development (ERC 2004a), identifying, modelling and evaluating future policy options. The purpose of the report is to present possible energy futures for the country and to demonstrate how indicators of sustainable development can be used to assess options. This method, we argue, provides the means for policymakers to identify synergies and trade-offs between options, and to evaluate them in economic, social and environmental dimensions

Ubehagelige tema i samfunnsfagundervisning

Denne masteroppgaven omhandler ubehagelige tema i samfunnsfagundervisning. Hva som oppleves ubehagelig, og hvor sterkt ubehaget oppleves, varierer fra lærer til lærer. Noe som likevel går igjen i oppgaven, er at de ubehagelige opplevelsene til lærerne ofte innebærer følelser som frustrasjon, usikkerhet, oppgitthet og bekymring. Studien er kvalitativ og tar utgangspunkt i følgende problemstilling: Hvordan opplever og håndterer lærere ubehagelige tema i samfunnsfagundervisning? For å besvare problemstillingen har det blitt intervjuet et utvalg lærere, som alle har erfaring med å undervise i samfunnsfag. I tillegg tar oppgaven utgangspunkt i tre forskningsspørsmål: (1) Hvilke samfunnsfaglige tema kan føre til at lærere kjenner på ubehag? (2) Unngår lærere å undervise om ubehagelige tema i samfunnsfagundervisning? (3) Hvordan kan lærere forberede seg på og håndtere tema som oppleves ubehagelige i samfunnsfagundervisning? Det teoretiske rammeverket tar utgangspunkt i de ubehagelige temaene som datamaterialet vårt avdekker. Dette er tema som kan oppleves kontroversielle, emosjonelle og/eller sensitive, som videre kan utløse en følelse av ubehag. I tillegg er teori om faktorer som påvirker lærerens bruk av skjønn i undervisning om kontroversielle tema sentral. Oppgavens funn viser at ubehaget er mangfoldig og oppstår av ulike årsaker. Vi finner både et personlig, temaavhengig og situasjonsavhengig ubehag. Det personlige ubehaget dreier seg om lærerens individuelle opplevelse fra klasserommet. Det temaavhengige ubehaget kommer av selve temaet i undervisning. Temaene vi har funnet er selvmord, rus, overgrep, vold i hjemmet, koronapandemien, klimakrisen, seksualitetsundervisning og elevmedvirkning. Flere av disse temaene kan knyttes til de tverrfaglige temaene i dagens læreplan, da i hovedsak folkehelse og livsmestring. Ubehaget kan også dreie seg og noe mer enn bare temaet i seg selv, da vi har funnet ut at ubehag også kan oppstå som følge av selve situasjonen i klasserommet.Nøkkelord: ubehag, folkehelse og livsmestring, tverrfaglige tema, krisepedagogik

Energy policies for sustainable development in South Africa: options for the future

The purpose of this publication is to present a profile of energy in South Africa, assess trends and analyse some options for the future. It is divided into two parts – Part I presents a profile of energy and sustainable development in South Africa, while Part II uses modelling tools and indicators to assess future policy options for the country

Young people with epilepsy have an increased risk of eating disorder and poor quality diet

Objective: To investigate whether adolescents with epilepsy are at increased risk of having self‐reported eating disorder symptoms and poor quality diet compared to young people from the general population. Methods: We used data from the Health Profile for Children and Youth in Akershus Study, a cross‐sectional population‐based study based on a voluntary self‐reported questionnaire. There were 19,995 participants (response rate 85%) aged 13–19 years; 247 (1.2%) reported a lifetime diagnosis of epilepsy. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for eating disorders, unhealthy diet, dieting, satisfaction with looks, and participation in sports were estimated by using a logistic regression model. All estimates were adjusted for single parents and poor family economy. Results: Children and adolescents with epilepsy had more eating disorders than their peers (OR 1.8, CI 1.0–3.0, p = 0.03). They were less satisfied with their own appearance (OR 0.7, CI 0.5–0.9, p = 0.02), and they eat more unhealthily (OR 1.7, CI 1.3–2.2, p = 0.001). Males with epilepsy were more likely to have been dieting (OR 3.1, CI 1.2–7.9, p = 0.02) and less satisfied with their own appearance (OR 0.4, CI 0.3–0.7, p < 0.001). Females with epilepsy were more likely to eat unhealthily (OR 1.7, CI 1.1–2.5, p = 0.01). Significance: Adolescents with epilepsy are at increased risk of having eating disorder symptoms. They eat less healthily and are less satisfied with their looks. Health workers should be aware of this and bring diet and lifestyle into the dialogue with young people with epilepsy.publishedVersio

Climate, Land, Energy and Water systems interactions – From key concepts to model implementation with OSeMOSYS

The Climate, Land, Energy and Water systems (CLEWs) approach guides the development of integrated assessments. The approach includes an analytical component that can be performed using simple accounting methods, soft-linking tools, incorporating cross-systems considerations in sectoral models, or using one modelling tool to represent CLEW systems. This paper describes how a CLEWs quantitative analysis can be performed using one single modelling tool, the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS). Although OSeMOSYS was primarily developed for energy systems analysis, the tool’s functionality and flexibility allow for its application to CLEWs. A step-by-step explanation of how climate, land, energy, and water systems can be represented with OSeMOSYS, complemented with the interpretation of sets, parameters, and variables in the OSeMOSYS code, is provided. A hypothetical case serves as the basis for developing a modelling exercise that exemplifies the building of a CLEWs model in OSeMOSYS. System-centred scenario analysis is performed with the integrated model example to illustrate its application. The analysis of results shows how integrated insights can be derived from the quantitative exercise in the form of conflicts, trade-offs, opportunities, and synergies. In addition to the modelling exercise, using the OSeMOSYS-CLEWs example in teaching, training and open science is explored to support knowledge transfer and advancement in the field

Capacity development and knowledge transfer on the climate, land, water and energy nexus

Applying the concept of the nexus of climate, land, energy and water systems (CLEWs) to sustainable development requires the integration of knowledge from different disciplines to solve complicated multi-systems challenges. Such knowledge and expertise are not solely situated in scientific research’s theoretical realm (i.e. branch of knowledge). For the approach to be successful, integration is also required in a variety of decision spaces. The development of nexus knowledge, which we define as information related to systems’ physical, natural and socioeconomic interactions, broadly emerged from project-oriented research and case study applications, extending the system’s coverage to several resource systems, climate and governance