12 research outputs found

    Los indicios forenses de las actividades furtivas en arqueolog铆a terrestre

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    La mayor铆a de las causas judiciales incoadas por actividades arqueofurtivas en Espa帽a se desestiman o archivan por falta de indicios. En el art铆culo se relacionan y comentan una gran variedad de indicios, materiales y conductuales, vinculables a actividades arqueofurtivas, utilizables tanto en la investigaci贸n del delito como ante los tribunales. Se concluye que el motivo no es la falta de indicios sino que 茅stos no se recolectan o analizan debidamente, siendo imprescindible la modificaci贸n o creaci贸n de protocolos para regularizar la situaci贸nMost court cases brought by archaeological looting in Spain are dismissed or filed for lack of evidence. The article listed and discussed a variety of evidences, materials and behavioral, linkable to archaeological looting activities, usable both criminal investigation and in court. We conclude that the reason is not lack of evidence but they are not properly collected or analyzed, the modification or creation of protocols being necessary to regularize the situatio

    L鈥檈spoli arqueol貌gic a Catalunya: Sistematitzaci贸 de la tipologia conductual dels furtius

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    [cat] L'estudi tracta el furtivisme arqueol貌gic terrestre a Catalunya. En primer lloc s'exposen els criteris que han propiciat l'elecci贸 de la denominaci贸 "furtivisme" i es proposa un concepte, fonamentat en els continguts legislatius i tenint especial compte en la definici贸 d'espoli del patrimoni hist貌ric. En un segon bloc es desenvolupa la historiografia del furtivisme arqueol貌gic catal脿, proposant una periodificaci贸 i emmarcant-lo cronol貌gicament en sentit estricte. Es dona una especial consideraci贸 a la intensa activitat que va tenir lloc durant la segona meitat del segle XIX i els dos primes decennis del segle XX a Emp煤ries (L'Escala, Alt Empord脿), i tamb茅 durant darrer quart del segle XX, quan l'activitat furtiva fou especialment accentuada. La tercera part es dedica al furtivisme com a delicte. S'exposen els actuals r猫gims i procediments sancionadors, tant administratius com penals, i es presenta la t猫cnica de la perfilaci贸 criminol貌gica com a eina d'estudi i investigaci贸. Tamb茅 s'exposen els models d'investigaci贸 policial per a aquests casos i es fa una detallada relaci贸 dels seus operatius, tant a Catalunya com a l'Estat espanyol, atesa la coincid猫ncia en la legislaci贸 b脿sica, les similituds i la implicaci贸 catalana en molts d'ells. Amb els mateixos criteris, es fa una an脿lisi de les resolucions judicials, administratives i penals, prenent especial consideraci贸 els motius d'al鈥egaci贸 m茅s freq眉ents i les causes que han portat a la desestimaci贸 o arxiu de la majoria de dilig猫ncies incoades. En aquest mateix apartat, sobre delicte i furtivisme, es dedica un important espai a la descripci贸, classificaci贸 i interpretaci贸 dels indicis materials i conductuals vinculats a les activitats furtives. Les dades obtingudes en els apartats anteriors permeten proposar i sistematitzar, en un quart bloc, una tipologia conductual dels furtius catalans. Constitueix l'objecte principal de la tesi. Es desenvolupen i relacionen aspectes demogr脿fics, de modus operandi, signatura, geogr脿fics i de comportament derivat sobre els diferents tipus, subtipus, categories i subcategories que s'han indicat. En la cinquena part es plantegen models de Protocols d鈥檃ctuaci贸, elaboraci贸 de valoracions econ貌miques i informes, especialment dirigits als arque貌legs a fi de facilitar poder-los diligenciar, en cas necessari, aix铆 com contribuir a la investigaci贸 acad猫mica del furtivisme. El sis猫 apartat relaciona diverses classificacions de probables mesures de resoluci贸. La seva an脿lisi requereix d鈥檜n acurat estudi f贸ra de l鈥檃bast del present treball. L鈥檃partat es tanca amb la possibilitat de la recontextualitzaci贸 dels valors cient铆fics lesionats per una activitat furtiva, com a exemple d鈥檜na de les m煤ltiples l铆nies d鈥檌nvestigaci贸 que pot permetre l鈥檃n脿lisi del furtivisme arqueol貌gic. El darrer bloc aprofundeix l鈥檈studi del cas del furtivisme arqueol貌gic a la Vall de Cabrera de Mar (Maresme), on s鈥檈xemplifiquen i posen de manifest quasi b茅 tots els aspectes que han estat tractats. Les experi猫ncies resultants poden generalitzar-se i ser de gran utilitat arreu del pa铆s. Finalment, es presenten les Conclusions obtingudes, que evidencien que l鈥檈studi del furtivisme arqueol貌gic permet nombroses vies d鈥檌nvestigaci贸 acad猫mica pendents de desenvolupar.[eng] This study focuses on terrestrial archaeological looting in Catalonia. Firstly, the criteria behind the choice of the word "furtius" (archaeological looters) are explained, and a concept is proposed, based on legislative content, with particular attention to the legal definition of the despoliation of historic heritage. In a second section, the study lays out the historiography of archaeological looting in Catalonia, proposing a periodization and suggesting a timeframe for the phenomenon. Particular consideration is given to the intense activities that took place from the mid-nineteenth century to the nineteen-twenties at the Empuries archaeological site (Girona) and over the last quarter of the twentieth century, when looting activities became especially accentuated throughout the territory. The third section is devoted to archaeological looting as a crime. The present system of sanctions and procedures, both administrative and penal, is described, and the technique of criminal profiling is presented as a tool for study and investigation. The study also details models of police investigation for this type of cases and a detailed description is provided of police resources, both in Catalonia and in the other regions of Spain, highlighting the coincidences in basic legislation, the similarities, and Catalan involvement in many of them. Applying the same criteria, an analysis is made of legal, administrative and penal sentences, with particular emphasis on the most frequent motives behind allegations and the reasons behind that fact that most cases that are opened are either dismissed or dropped. A considerable part of this section is also devoted to describing, classifying and interpreting the material and behavioural evidence linked to looting activities. The data obtained in the previous sections enable a behavioural typology of Catalan looters to be proposed and systemized in a fourth block. This is the main purpose of the thesis. In this section, aspects concerning demography, modus operandi, signature, geographic profiling and behaviour related to the different types, sub-types, categories and sub-categories described in the study are developed and related. The fifth section is devoted to proposing models of protocols for action and for drawing up economic assessments and reports, aimed particularly at archaeologists. The sixth section describes different classifications of possible measures for resolution measures and the possibility of recontextualising the scientific values damaged by the activity of looters. The final block comprises an in-depth study of the case of archaeological looting in the Cabrera de Mar Valley (Barcelona), exemplifying and illustrating nearly all the aspects considered here. The resulting experiences can be generalized and may be most useful. Finally, the Conclusions notes that the study of archaeological looting suggests numerous lines of academic research that have yet to be developed

    Expolio arqueol贸gico: la Operaci贸n Necr贸polis, el Mosaico de Valderados y el Togado de Siarium

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