729 research outputs found
Evidence of a Clear Atmosphere for WASP-62b: The Only Known Transiting Gas Giant in the JWST Continuous Viewing Zone
Exoplanets with cloud-free, haze-free atmospheres at the pressures probed by transmission spectroscopy represent a
valuable opportunity for detailed atmospheric characterization and precise chemical abundance constraints. We present the
first optical to infrared (0.3â5 ÎŒm) transmission spectrum of the hot Jupiter WASP-62b, measured with Hubble/STIS and
Spitzer/IRAC. The spectrum is characterized by a 5.1Ï detection of Na I absorption at 0.59 ÎŒm, in which the pressurebroadened wings of the Na D-lines are observed from space for the first time. A spectral feature at 0.4 ÎŒm is tentatively
attributed to SiH at 2.1Ï confidence. Our retrieval analyses are consistent with a cloud-free atmosphere without significant
contamination from stellar heterogeneities. We simulate James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) observations, for a
combination of instrument modes, to assess the atmospheric characterization potential of WASP-62b. We demonstrate that
JWST can conclusively detect Na, H2O, FeH, NH3, CO, CO2, CH4, and SiH within the scope of its Early Release Science
(ERS) program. As the only transiting giant planet currently known in the JWST Continuous Viewing Zone, WASP-62b
could prove a benchmark giant exoplanet for detailed atmospheric characterization in the James Webb era
The nature of fibrous dysplasia
Fibrous dysplasia has been regarded as a developmental skeletal disorder characterized by replacement of normal bone with benign cellular fibrous connective tissue. It has now become evident that fibrous dysplasia is a genetic disease caused by somatic activating mutation of the Gsα subunit of G protein-coupled receptor resulting in upregulation of cAMP. This leads to defects in differentiation of osteoblasts with subsequent production of abnormal bone in an abundant fibrous stroma. In addition there is an increased production of IL-6 by mutated stromal fibrous dysplastic cells that induce osteoclastic bone resorption
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Inclusive J/Ï production at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at âs = 5.02 TeV
Inclusive J/Ï production is studied in minimum-bias proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of s = 5.02 TeV by ALICE at the CERN LHC. The measurement is performed at mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.9) in the dielectron decay channel down to zero transverse momentum pT, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of Lint = 19.4 ± 0.4 nbâ1. The measured pT-integrated inclusive J/Ï production cross sec- tion is dÏ/dy = 5.64 ± 0.22(stat.) ± 0.33(syst.) ± 0.12(lumi.) ÎŒb. The pT-differential cross section d2Ï/dpTdy is measured in the pT range 0â10 GeV/c and compared with state-of- the-art QCD calculations. The J/Ï ăpTă and ăpT2ă are extracted and compared with results obtained at other collision energies. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
An optical transmission spectrum for the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-121b measured with the Hubble Space Telescope
This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from American Astronomical Society / IOP Publishing via the DOI in this record.We present an atmospheric transmission spectrum for the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-121b, measured using the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) onboard the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). Across the 0.47-1 micron wavelength range, the data imply an atmospheric opacity comparable to - and in some spectroscopic channels exceeding - that previously measured at near-infrared wavelengths (1.15-1.65 micron). Wavelength-dependent variations in the opacity rule out a gray cloud deck at a confidence level of 3.8-sigma and may instead be explained by VO spectral bands. We find a cloud-free model assuming chemical equilibrium for a temperature of 1500K and metal enrichment of 10-30x solar matches these data well. Using a free-chemistry retrieval analysis, we estimate a VO abundance of -6.6(-0.3,+0.2) dex. We find no evidence for TiO and place a 3-sigma upper limit of -7.9 dex on its abundance, suggesting TiO may have condensed from the gas phase at the day-night limb. The opacity rises steeply at the shortest wavelengths, increasing by approximately five pressure scale heights from 0.47 to 0.3 micron in wavelength. If this feature is caused by Rayleigh scattering due to uniformly-distributed aerosols, it would imply an unphysically high temperature of 6810+/-1530K. One alternative explanation for the short-wavelength rise is absorption due to SH (mercapto radical), which has been predicted as an important product of non-equilibrium chemistry in hot Jupiter atmospheres. Irrespective of the identity of the NUV absorber, it likely captures a significant amount of incident stellar radiation at low pressures, thus playing a significant role in the overall energy budget, thermal structure, and circulation of the atmosphere.Support for program GO-14767 was provided by
NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated
by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA
contract NAS 5-26555. T.M.E., D.K.S., and N.N. acknowledge funding from the European
Research Council under the European Unions Seventh Framework Programme
(FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement no. 336792. G.W.H. and M.H.W. acknowledge
support from Tennessee State University and the State of Tennessee through its
Centers of Excellence program. J.S.F. acknowledges funding by the Spanish MINECO
grant AYA2016-79425-C3-2-P. J.K.B. is supported by a Royal Astronomical Society
Research Fellowship. This work has been carried out in the frame of the National
Centre for Competence in Research PlanetS supported by the Swiss National Science
Foundation (SNSF). V.B. and D.E. have received funding from the European
Research Council (ERC) under the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation
programme (project Four Aces; grant agreement no. 724427)
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Measurement of Î (1520) production in pp collisions at âs=7TeV and pâPb collisions at âsNN=5.02TeV
The production of the Î (1520) baryonic resonance has been measured at midrapidity in inelastic pp collisions at s=7TeV and in pâPb collisions at sNN=5.02TeV for non-single diffractive events and in multiplicity classes. The resonance is reconstructed through its hadronic decay channel Î (1520) â pK - and the charge conjugate with the ALICE detector. The integrated yields and mean transverse momenta are calculated from the measured transverse momentum distributions in pp and pâPb collisions. The mean transverse momenta follow mass ordering as previously observed for other hyperons in the same collision systems. A Blast-Wave function constrained by other light hadrons (Ï, K, KS0, p, Î) describes the shape of the Î (1520) transverse momentum distribution up to 3.5GeV/c in pâPb collisions. In the framework of this model, this observation suggests that the Î (1520) resonance participates in the same collective radial flow as other light hadrons. The ratio of the yield of Î (1520) to the yield of the ground state particle Î remains constant as a function of charged-particle multiplicity, suggesting that there is no net effect of the hadronic phase in pâPb collisions on the Î (1520) yield
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Measurement of electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays as a function of multiplicity in p-Pb collisions at âsNN = 5.02 TeV
The multiplicity dependence of electron production from heavy-flavour hadron decays as a function of transverse momentum was measured in p-Pb collisions at sNN = 5.02 TeV using the ALICE detector at the LHC. The measurement was performed in the centre-of-mass rapidity interval â1.07 < ycms< 0.14 and transverse momentum interval 2 < pT< 16 GeV/c. The multiplicity dependence of the production of electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays was studied by comparing the pT spectra measured for different multiplicity classes with those measured in pp collisions (QpPb) and in peripheral p-Pb collisions (Qcp). The QpPb results obtained are consistent with unity within uncertainties in the measured pT interval and event classes. This indicates that heavy-flavour decay electron production is consistent with binary scaling and independent of the geometry of the collision system. Additionally, the results suggest that cold nuclear matter effects are negligible within uncertainties, in the production of heavy-flavour decay electrons at midrapidity in p-Pb collisions. [Figure not available: see fulltext.
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Measurement of prompt D0, D+, D*+, and DS+ production in pâPb collisions at âsNN = 5.02 TeV
The measurement of the production of prompt D0, D+, D*+, and DS+ mesons in protonâlead (pâPb) collisions at the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of sNN = 5.02 TeV, with an integrated luminosity of 292 ± 11 ÎŒbâ1, are reported. Differential production cross sections are measured at mid-rapidity (â0.96 < ycms< 0.04) as a function of transverse momentum (pT) in the intervals 0 < pT< 36 GeV/c for D0, 1 < pT< 36 GeV/c for D+ and D*+, and 2 < pT< 24 GeV/c for D+ mesons. For each species, the nuclear modification factor RpPb is calculated as a function of pT using a proton-proton (pp) ref- erence measured at the same collision energy. The results are compatible with unity in the whole pT range. The average of the non-strange D mesons RpPb is compared with theoretical model predictions that include initial-state effects and parton transport model predictions. The pT dependence of the D0, D+, and D*+ nuclear modification factors is also reported in the interval 1 < pT< 36 GeV/c as a function of the collision centrality, and the central-to-peripheral ratios are computed from the D-meson yields measured in different centrality classes. The results are further compared with charged-particle measurements and a similar trend is observed in all the centrality classes. The ratios of the pT-differential cross sections of D0, D+, D*+, and DS+ mesons are also reported. The DS+ and D+ yields are compared as a function of the charged-particle multiplicity for several pT intervals. No modification in the relative abundances of the four species is observed with respect to pp collisions within the statistical and systematic uncertainties. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
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Measurement of charged jet cross section in pp collisions at s =5.02 TeV
The cross section of jets reconstructed from charged particles is measured in the transverse momentum range of
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