PROFILE OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ MATHEMATICAL REASONING ABILITY BASED ON GUARDIAN PERSONALITY TYPE

This study targets to 1) describe students' mathematical reasoning skills in terms of guardian personality type; 2) knowing the causes of student mistakes in answering questions. This type of study is descriptive qualitative. The subjects in this study were students of class XI MIPA four Wanasaba 1 Senior High School in East Lombok in the 2020/2021 school year. The determination of the subject was done by purposive sampling and snowball. Data collection techniques used personality tests, tests of mathematical reasoning abilities, and interviews. The validation of each instrument was carried out by three experts in each field. The data analysis stage in this study was data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results of this study indicate that the subject's mathematical reasoning ability only fulfills indicator 4, namely performing calculations based on certain rules or formulas. Subjects have not been able to meet other indicators. This is because the subject considers that the listed formula can be used in all types of triangles, does not know the rules of the cosine rule, the subject rarely practices and answers story questions, difficulties in linking the results obtained with questions, difficulty in choosing the formula to be used, and not careful in doing calculations

EKSTRAK HEKSAN BIJI JINTAN HITAM (Nigella sativa L) MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS FAGOSITOSIS MAKROFAG TIKUS BETINA GALUR SD (Sprague Dawley) YANG DIINDUKSI DMBA (7,12Dimetilbenz(α)antrasen) SECARA IN VITRO

Previous research has shown that black cumin seed oil is as an immunomodulator, but the mechanism MBJH as an immunomodulator in DMBA-induced macrophage unknown. A study to determine the effects of EHBJH on the activities of SD rat peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis induced DMBA has been conducted. This study was conducted on 10 female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two groups, namely 5 mice without any treatment group and 5 mice DMBA DMBA treatment groups. Once a week administration of 15 mg DMBA of mice,rats dissected and taken peritonealnya fluid for isolation of macrophages to be cultured for 24 hours. The peritoneal macrophages were given hexane BJH (Nigella sativa Lour) as much as 1 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, 25 mg/mL, and were given a standard timokuinon for each group without induction DMBA and DMBA treatment groups. Macrophages were incubated for 2 hours back. Phagocytosis test is done by adding the latex particles on cultured macrophages and Giemsa staining. Data percentage of macrophages that eat latex and phagocytosis index were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test followed by ANOVA and LSD test with a 95% confidence level. The results showed that the activity and phagocytosis index DMBA -induced macrophages that is not greater than the index of activity and macrophage phagocytosis induced macrophages (p<0.05). A group of 25 mg/mL EHBJH have activity and phagocytosis index is highest when compared with the other treatment group (p<0.05).  Conclusion: The study showed that the hexane BJH (Nigella sativa Lour) can improve macrophage phagocytic activity of female rats Sprague Dawley strain

Exercise and consumption of herbal remedies decrease the risk of strokes in hypertension and diabetes mellitus patients undergoing a standard therapy

Stroke is a serious problem faced worldwide. It can result in death, physical disability, and mental disability. Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients are high-risk populations. The study attempted to determine the factors associated with the incidence of stroke in DM or hypertension outpatients. This analytic observational study used a case-control design and nonrandom sampling technique with consecutive sampling approach. With a 1:2 ratio, the subjects consisted of 49 stroke patients in the case group and 98 non-stroke patients (hypertensive) for the control group. Subjects were patients undergoing treatments at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital in Bantul. Patient's lifestyle data were collected through face-to-face interviews with patients, while demographic information, diagnosis, and patient history were obtained from medical records using data retrieval forms (case record forms). The variable age was matched with sex to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the study. Data analysis included univariate (descriptive) analysis and bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square test. Factors associated with stroke incidence were smoking habit (OR = 2.940, CI: 1.314 <OR <6.576; P = 0.007), exercise routine (OR = 0.026, CI: 0.008 <OR <0.079, P = 0.000), high-fat food dietary pattern (OR = 3.629, CI: 1.119 <OR <11.766; P = 0.024), and the habit of consuming herbal remedies (OR = 0.299, CI: 0.107 <OR <0.833; P = 0.016).  For hypertension or DM patients who took standard therapy at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital in Bantul, smoking and fatty food consumption increased the risk of stroke, whereas physical exercise and herbs consumption habits reduced it

EKSTRAK HEKSAN BIJI JINTAN HITAM (Nigella sativa L) MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS FAGOSITOSIS MAKROFAG TIKUS BETINA GALUR SD (Sprague Dawley) YANG DIINDUKSI DMBA (7,12Dimetilbenz(α)antrasen) SECARA IN VITRO

Penelitian yang dilakukan sebelumnya telah membuktikan bahwa minyak biji jinten hitam bersifat sebagai imunomodulator, namun bagaimana mekanisme MBJH sebagai imunomodulator pada makrofag yang diinduksi DMBA belum diketahui. Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui efek Ekstrak Hexana Biji Jinten Hitam (EHBJH) terhadap aktifitas fagositosis makrofag peritoneal tikus SD yang diinduksi DMBA. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 10 ekor tikus betina Sprague Dawley yang dibagi dalam dua kelompok, yaitu 5 tikus kelompok tanpa perlakuan DMBA dan 5 tikus kelompok perlakuan DMBA. Setelah satu minggu pemberian DMBA sebanyak 15 mg perekor tikus, tikus dibedah dan diambil cairan peritonealnya untuk dilakukan isolasi makrofag yang akan dikultur selama 24 jam. Makrofag peritoneal tersebut diberi ekstrak heksan BJH (Nigella sativa Lour) sebanyak 1 μg/mL, 5 μg/mL, 25 μg/mL, dan diberi standar timokuinon untuk masing-masing kelompok tanpa induksi DMBA dan kelompok perlakuan DMBA. Makrofag diinkubasi kembali selama 2 jam. Uji fagositosis dilakukan dengan menambahkan partikel lateks pada makrofag berbudaya dan pewarnaan Giemsa. Data persentase jumlah makrofag yang makan lateks dan indeks fagositosis dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov yang dilanjutkan dengan uji ANOVA dan uji LSD dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktifitas dan indek fagositosis makrofag yang tidak diinduksi DMBA lebih besar dari pada aktifitas dan indek fagositosis makrofag yang diinduksi makrofag (p<0,05). Kelompok 25 µg/mL EHBJH memiliki aktifitas dan indek fagositosis paling tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan kelompok perlakuan yang lain (p<0,05). Kesimpulan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak heksan BJH (Nigella sativa Lour) dapat meningkatkan aktivitas fagositosis makrofag tikus betina galur Sprague Dawle

Tolerability and safety of black cumin seed oil (Bcso) administration for 20 days in healthy subjects.

The objective of this research was to determine the effect of black cumin seed oil (BCSO) on hematology, level of aspartat aminotransferase (AST)/alanin aminotransferase (ALT), level of ureum and creatinine, and also immune response in healthy subjects. This study applied a phase 1 of clinical trial. The 36 healthy subjects were divided into three groups, 12 subjects each group. Group I, subjects received 1 × 3 soft capsules of BCSO. Group II, subject received 2 × 3 soft capsules of BCSO and in groups III subject received 3 × 3 soft capsules of BCSO. Each soft capsule contained of 0.5 ml standardized BCSO. On the 21st day, the blood cell, level of ALT and AST and level of ureum and creatinine were measured. The average number of blood cells, levels of ALT/AST and level of ureum and creatinine then were been analyzed with one way ANOVA test. Statistical analysis was performed on 95% confidence level. The results showed that the administration of three doses of BCSO soft capsule did not increase number of blood cells, level of ALT/AST and level of ureum and creatinine (p>0.05). BCSO also did not affect number of CD4+ Th and CD4+CD25+ Treg cells and also expression of IFN-γ (p>0.05). The consumption of BCSO at three doses 1.5, 3, and 4.5 ml/d for 21 days in healthy subjects were tolerable and safet

Modern Pesantren Tradition: Kiai’s Leadership in Keeping the Tradition in the Industrial Revolution 4.0 Era

This study aimed to describe modern pesantren tradition that focused on the traditional values, kiai’s leadership in keeping the tradition, and modern pesantren educational orientation in the industrial revolution 4.0 era. The data collection was carried out through interviews, observation, and documentation with multi-site research. The research sites were six modern pesantren which were taken from six districts or cities in Banten province. The findings of the research were:&nbsp; Modern pesantren was the daily life behavior of all its residents who were attached to five souls and motto of the pondok. The leadership of the kiai was not centralized to the role of the kiai but it was distributed to the teachers, and the kiai’s role as the guardian of the modern pesantren tradition was central; the education of modern pesantren in the industrial revolution 4.0 era had experienced a shift in orientation, especially in preparing qualified graduates in the digital era. The modern pesantren did not only serve as the institution of tafaqquh fi al-din which educated students to have noble character but also prepared independent and competitive graduates in the digital era. &nbsp

Assesment of Antibiotic Utilization on Pediatric Patients with Upper Respiratory Tract Infection at Public Health Centers, Gunung Kidul Period of January-June 2000

Abstract The study about the use of antibiotics on paediatric patients with upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) has been carried out at Public Health Centres (PHC), Gunung Kidul during January - June 2007. This research was aimed to know the use of antibiotics on paediatric patients and the antibiotics rationality, which held in Public Health Centres Gunung Kidul Yogyakarta. The study was a descriptive study with retrospective data collecting. We used all outpatient prescriptions of paediatric (2-12 years old) patients who diagnosed as URTI. The antibitotics rationality was analyzed based on the analysis of right indication, type of drug, patient, and dosage. We found 1008 persicription in paediatrics with URTI at four Public Health Centres at the rural area of Gunung Kidul. Amoxycillin was the most prescribed antibiotic in the URTI (mean = 41.8%). Common cold was the most URTI experienced by paediatric patients. The average of rationality among four PHC was 30.3%. The. used of antibiotics in children with URTI in Gunung Kidul was high, but the rationality of the antibiotics used is still need to be evaluated, principally with the right indication of antibiotic Key word : Antibiotic, Paediatric, Upper Respiratory Tract Infection, Public Health Centre

Black cumin seed oil increases phagocytic activity and secretion of IL-12 by macrophages.

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is one of cytokines that regulate the innate and adaptive immune responses produced by macrophages. This study was to investigate the effect of Black Cumin Seed Oil (BCSO) to the structure of peripheral blood, phagocytic activity, and secretion of IL-12 by macrophage peritoneal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat. The 36 female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats divided into 6 groups. Normal group was only given standards food and drink. Treatments group were given BCSO 0.25, 2.5 and 5 ml/kg BW/day for 14 d. Positive control group was given thymoquinone 50 mg/kg BW/day for 14 d. Solvent control group was given DMSO. Blood test, phagocytic activity and secretion of IL-12 by macrophage in vitro performed on the 15th day. Latex and NBT assay method were conducted to measure the phagocytic activity of macrophages. The expression level of IL-12 and TLR4 were analysed by ELISA. Data were statistically tested by one-way ANOVA with significance 95%. BCSO was increase phagocytic activity, secretion of IL-12 by macrophage, and the expression of TLR4. The highest phagocytosis percent (56.83 ± 6.37%) and phagocytosis index (5.18 ± 0.39) was performed by 0.25 BCSO group and did not significantly different with thymoquinone group. The highest level of IL-12 was in 2.5 BCSO group (66.33 ± 2.11 µM

Tablet kunyah ekstrak etanol herba pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.), Urban) menurunkan kadar kreatinin tikus putih jantan (Rattus norvegicus L.) galur wistar yang diberi diet lemak tinggi

Telah dikembangkan sediaan tablet kunyah ekstrak etanol herba pegagan (TKEEHP) dan telah dilakukan pengujian untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian TKEEHP terhadap fungsi ginjal pada tikus yang diberi diet tinggi lemak. Herba pegagan merupakan salah satu tanaman obat yang diduga bersifat nefroprotektor. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji pengaruh pemberian TKEEHP terhadap perubahan kadar kreatinin dan ureum serum tikus putih jantan galur Wistar yang telah diberi diet lemak tinggi. Penelitian eksperimental ini dilakukan pada 21 ekor tikus putih galur Wistar berumur 2-3 bulan (berat badan 150-200 gram). Tikus dibagi dalam 7 kelompok masing-masing 3 ekor/kelompok. Kelompok I sebagai kelompok normal, hewan uji mendapatkan makan dan minum standar. Kelompok II, III, IV, V, VI, dan VII hewan uji diberi diet lemak tinggi selama 5 minggu. Pada minggu ke-5 dan ke-6 kelompok III (kontrol positif) diberi Simvastatin®, kelompok IV (kontrol media tablet kunyah) diberi tablet plasebo, kelompok V, VI dan VII masing-masing diberi 100, 200 dan 300 mg/KgBB TKEEHP. Pada akhir minggu ke-6 semua tikus diambil darahnya melalui sinus orbitalis lalu dilakukan uji kadar kreatinin dan ureum serum. Data hasil pemeriksaan kadar kreatinin dan serum kemudian dianalisis dengan uji beda rata-rata antar kelompok (anova) dan LSD dengan tingkat kepercayaaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tablet kunyah ekstrak etanol herba pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) dapat menurunkan kadar kreatinin pada tikus putih jantan galur Wistar yang diberi diet lemak tinggi, tetapi tidak mempengaruhi kadar ureum. Pemberian tablet ekstrak etanol herba pegagan dosis 100, 200, dan 300 mg/KgBB berpotensi menurunkan kadar kreatinin dan penurunan kadar kreatinin serum tertinggi pada dosis 300 mg/KgBB